abbreviate,"v. shorten ϴ, ϰ ̴ Because we were running out of time, the lecturer had to abbreviate her speech. 츮 ð Ѿұ Ǹ ٿ߸ ߴ. [+] abridge, curtail, retrench" aberrant,"a. abnormal or deviant Given the aberrant nature of the data, we came to doubt the validity of the entire experiment. ڷ 츮 ȮǼ ǽϰ Ǿ. [+] anomalous, atypical, untypical; [-] normal()" abettor,"n. encourager ϴ : She was accused of being an aider and abettor of the criminal. ״ Ƿ ߴ. [+] fomenter, inciter, inducer, instigator, promoter" ablution,"n. ab(=intensive, away, off) + lu(=wash) the act of washing one's body or a part of it as a religious ceremony <ǽμ>, He urged Moslem leaders to abolish Islamic law which requires ablution before prayers. ; His daily ablutions were accompanied by loud noises that he humorously labeled ""Opera in the Bath."" ״ ȸ ڵ鿡 ⵵ 䱸ϴ ȸ ϵ ˱ߴ. ; װ ò Ҹ ´µ, ״ װ ְ "" "" ҷ." abnegation,"n. repudiation; self-sacrifice ; ڱ, ر No act of abnegation was more pronounced than his refusal of any rewards for his discovery. ڱ ߰߿ źϴ ͺ ū . [+] denial, renouncement" abolish,"v. abolition ϴ. The president of the college refused to abolish the physical education requirement. ʼ Ǿ ִ ü ߴ. [+] abrogate, annihilate, annul, invalidate, nullify, vitiate" abominate,"v. loathe: hate Ⱦϴ: Moses scolded the idol worshippers in the tribe because he abominated the custom. 𼼴 Ⱦ߱ ڱ ڸ åߴ. [+] abhor, detest, execrate, hate" abrade,"v. wear away by friction: erode : νϴ The skin of her leg was abraded by the sharp rocks. ׳ ٸ Ǻΰ . [+] chafe, excoriate; corrode" abscond,"v. abs < ab(=from , away) + cond(=hide) go away suddenly and hide / depart secretly and hide ϴ,븦 ߴ / How can you accuse me of absconding with all your brilliant ideas when you have never had an original idea in your life! ; The teller absconded with the bonds and was not found. â ̵  ̵ ޾Ƴٰ ֽϱ? ; ⳳ ǵ 븦 ߰ ʾҴ. [+] flee" abstain,"v. abs < ab(=from) + tain(=hold) hold oneself back ; refrain / withhold from participation ﰡ?; ϴ / ﰡϴ, ϴ Her decision to abstain from eating meat has nothing to do with any religious beliefs. ; After considering the effect of alcohol on his athletic performance, he decided to abstain from drinking while he trained for the race. ﰡϰڴٴ ׳ žӰ ƹ 谡 . ;  ڿ ġ ״ ָ Ʒ ޴ ָ ϱ ߴ. [+] constrain" abstemious,"a. abs < ab(=away, from) + tem < tom(=cut) not eating and drinking too much ; frugal / temperate; sparing in dringk, etc. ϴ ; ˼ / ִ; ϴ He was so abstemious that he extended his self-control even to his beloved music, and listened to records no more than an hour each day. ; The drunkards mocked him because of his abstemious habits. ״ ˼Ͽ װ ϴ ǿ Ȯ Ϸ翡 ѽð ۿ ǰ ʴ´. ; ۵ װ ϴ ִٰ ؼ ׸ ߴ. [+] abstinent, continent, temperate" abstinence,"n. restraint from eating or drinking ݿ: The doctor recommended total abstinence from salted foods. ǻ ұݱ ִ ǰߴ. [+] continence, sobriety, temperance" abusive,"a. us(=use) using insults and curses ; of wrong use / coarsely insulting; physically harmful Ǵϴ ; ϴ / / Թ You are an abusive bad old creature. ; An abusive parent damages a child both mentally and physically. Ÿ ϴ ̴. ; 糪 θ ̿ ü ظ ģ. [+] invective, scurrilous, vituperative" abut,"v. border upon; adjoin ϴ; ϴ Where our estates abut, we must build a fence. 츮 ε ִ Ÿ ļ 踦 ؾ߸ Ѵ." accelerate,"v. ac < ad(=to, add) + cel(=swift) make something move faster, speed up ; make something happen or come sooner ; increase in speed ϴ ; Ű ; / ȭǴ Do her efforts to accelerate our departure mean that she is trying to help us, or just get rid of us? ; In our science class, we learn how falling bodies accelerate. 츮 Ϸ ׳డ ־ 츮 Լٴ ϱ ƴϸ 츮 Ĺڴٴ ϱ? ; 츮  ϴ ü ӵǴ° . [+] expedite, swiften; [-] retard(ӷ ߴ)" accessible,"a. easy to approach; obtainable ϱ We asked our guide whether the ruins were accessible on foot. 츮 㿡 ɾ ִ ȳڿ . [+] inaccessible" accessory,"n. additional object: useful but not essential thing; something added μ : ϳ ʼ ƴ She bought an attractive handbag as an accessory for her dress.; Navy blue shoes and gloves would be perfect accessories for this white suit. ׳ ڱ ʿ ︮ ׼μ ڵ . [+] adjunct, appendage, appendix, appurtenance" acclimate,"v. ac < ad(=to) + clim(=slope, ladder) accustom someone or something to a new environment, climate, etc. / adjust to climate Ű,ȭŰ / ȯ濡 Ű; ȯ濡 ϴ It's not surprising that after so many years in the Marine Corps, he has found it difficult to become acclimated to civilian life. ; One of the difficulties of our present air age is the need of travelers to acclimate themselves to their new and often strange environments. ׷ غ뿡 װ ΰ Ȱ ϱⰡ ƴٰ ϴ 翬ϴ. ; 츮 װ ô  ϳ ఴ Ӱ ȯ濡 ڱ ڽŵ Ѿ Ѵٴ ̴. [+] accustom, inure, habituate" acclivity,"n. sharp upslope of a hill ġ The car could not go up the acclivity in high gear. ڵ ö . [+] declivity" accommodate,"v. ac < ad(=to) + com < con(=together) + mod(=fit) make fit ; kindly give someone what he wants ; have rooms for persons ; reconcile disputes / oblige or help someone; adjust or bring into harmony Ű ; Ǹ ϴ ; ڽŰ,ϴ ; ȭؽŰ / ģ Ǯ; / ȣǺǮ; ִ;; Ǹ ϴ, Ű The American people must accommodate themselves to the new conditions brought about by the energy crisis. ; Mitch always did everything possible to accommodate his elderly relatives, form driving them to medical appointments to helping them with paper work.(secondary meaning) ̱ ε ߱Ǵ ο Ȳ ؾ Ѵ . ; ġ ̵ ģô ִ - ǻ ִ Ϳ ̸ - ߴ. [+] convencience; conform, coordinate, reconcile, reconciliate; conform" accomplice,"n. ac < ad(=near) + com(=together) + plic(=fold) a person who helps another in a wrong act / partner in crime; one who aids and abets a criminal , I am sorry to have to tell you that I was an accomplice in the practical joke that caused you so much pain. ; Because he had provided the criminal with the lethal weapon, he was arrested as an accomplice in the murder.; The police are still looking for the thief's accomplice. ׷Ե 뽺 ߴ ¢ 峭 ٰ 帮 Ǿ ˼մϴ. ; ״ ڿ ġ ⸦ ߱ ӵǾ. [+] conspirator" accoutre,"v. equip , Ű The fisherman was accoutred with the best that the sporting goods store could supply. δ  Կ Ծ. [+] attire" accretion,"n. growth: increase : The accretion of wealth marked the family's rise in power. Ƿ Ÿ´. [+] augmentation, increment; [-] reduction in substance caused by erosion( )" acephalous,"a. headless ڰ Because the country was in a state of anarchy and lacked a leader, it was described as an acephalous monstrosity. λ¿ ڰ Ⱬ Ǿ." acerbity,"n. bitterness of speech and temper (ݷ,Ŷ) The meeting of the United Nations Assembly was marked with such acerbity that little hope of reaching any useful settlement of the problem could be held. UN ȸ ߾ Ŷؼ ذå ̸ . [+] acrimony, asperity, mordancy" acetic,"a. vinegary The salad had an exceedingly acetic flavor. ʹ Ÿ . [+] acidulous" acidulous,"a. slightly sour: sharp: caustic ټ Ÿ : ̰ ٷο James was unpopular because of his sarcastic and acidulous remarks. ӽ Ŷϰ αⰡ . [+] acetic, mordant, scathing, trenchant" acknowledge,"v. recognize: admit νϴ: ϴ When pressed for an answer, she acknowledged the existence of another motive for the crime. ׳ ϵ з ް ˿ ٸ Ⱑ ߴ. [+] avow" acme,"n. top: pinnacle : His success in this role marked his acme as an actor. 迪 μ װ Ÿ´. [+] apex, climax, culmination, peak, summit, zenith" acoustics,"n. science of sound: quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in Carnegie Hall is liked by music lovers because of its fine acoustics. īױȦ ° پ ȣ ϴ ̴." acquiescence,"n. submission; compliance ; It is impossible to obtain their acquiescence to the proposal because it is abhorrent to their philosophy. ׵ öп ʾұ ׵ ȿ ϵ ϴ Ұϴ." acquiescent,"a. accepting passively ޾Ƶ̴, ϴ Although she appeared to acquiesce to her employer's suggestions, I could tell she had reservations about the change he wanted made. ׳ ڱ ǻ ׳ ڱ ְ ߱ߴ ȭ µ ȴ. [+] accede, assent, consent" acquittal,"n. deliverance from a charge ǿ Ǯ His acquittal by the jury surprised those who had thought him guilty. ׸ ˶ ߴ װ ɿ鿡 . [+] absolution, exculpation, exoneration, liberation, vindication" actuarial,"a. calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics : 迡 According to recent actuarial tables, life expectancy is greater today than it was a century ago. ֱ ǥ ġ ϼ ũ." actuate,"v. motivate -ϰ ϴ I fail to understand what actuated you to reply to this letter so nastily. ϱ⸦ ׷ ð ϴ ϰڴ. [+] galvanize, innovate, provoke, stimulate" acuity,"n. ac(=sharp) + u(=s.e.) + ity(=nature) acuteness / sharpness ,ݷ,Ŷ / , īο It is only in superior mental powers, not in physical strength or acuity of the senses, that man surpasses other living things. ; In time his youthful acuity of vision failed him, and he needed glasses. ü̳ ƴ϶ ŷ¿ ־ ΰ ٸ ɰѴ. ; ħ ״ ÷ Ұ Ȱ ʿ. [+] incisiveness, keenness" adapt,"v. ad(=to) + apt(=fit) adjust ; make suitable ; modify / alter; Ű ; սŰ ; ľ,ϴ / ٲٴ; ϴ / ϴ; ġ People who migrate from the inner city to the suburbs often find it dufficult to adapt to changing coditions. ; Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment. ܷ ̻ϴ ȭ Ȳ ϴ ƴٴ ˰ ȴ. ; ȭϴ ȯ濡 ϰ Ǿ. [+] accommodate, adjust, conform, reconcile" addiction,"n. compulsive, habitual need Ž, ( ) ߵ His addiction to drugs caused his friends much grief. ߵ ״ ģ鿡 ־." addle,"a. rotten: muddled; crazy : ȥŹ: ģ This addle-headed plan is so preposterous that it does not deserve any consideration. ո ȹ յڰ ʾƼ ġ . [+] decayed, putrid; bewildered, distracted, flustered; insane, lunatic, maniac" adept,"n.a. ad(=to) + ept < apt(=fit) a person with great skill ; expert / highly skilled / expert at ; / õ, / Charlie Chaplin, a great actor, was adept in shifting from comedy to tragedy. ; She was adept at the fine art of irritating people. Charlie Chaplin ٲٴµ ɼߴ . ; ׳ ϰ ſ پ. [+] adroit, ambidextrous, deft, dexterous, expert, masterful, skillful" adhere,"v. ad(=to) + her(=stick) stick fast to ; support firmly ; remain faithful <ǿ>ϴ ; <>ϴ ; ϴ / ϴ / 鷯ٴ; ϴ; ϴ Come what may, I will adhere to the great ideas and ideals for which our ancestors suffered so much. ; I will adhere to this opinion until proof that I am wrong is presented. վ 츮 Ű ׷ ߴ ̳ ̻ ϰڴ . ; ߸Ǿٴ Ű õ ظ ̴. [+] cling, cohere, stick; [-] detach()" adipose,"a. fatty Excess adipose tissue should be avoided by middle-aged people. ߳ 鿡 ʵ ؾ Ѵ." adjuration,"n. solemn urging ź, , ˱ Her adjuration to tell the truth did not change the witnesses' testimony. ϴ ź ұϰ ڵ ٲ ʾҴ." adjure,"v. request solemnly - ϴ; - ϴ I must abjure you to consider this matter carefully as it is of utmost importance to all of us. 츮 ο ߿ϱ ûϴ Դϴ." admonition,"n. warning ; After repeated rejections of its admonitions, the country was forced to issue an ultimatum. ŵ ص ʾǷ ø . [+] forewarning" adorn,"v. decorate ϴ Wall paintings and carved statues adorned the temple. ȭ ߴ. [+] embellish, garnish, ornament" adulterated,"a. made impure or spoiled by the addition of inferior materials Ҽ Ͽ The health authorities ordered the sale of the meat stopped because they found it adulterated. 籹 ǰ ǸŸ ߴ ߴ." adumbration,"n. foreshadowing: outlining : The adumbration of the future in science fiction is often astonishing. мҼ ̷ ̴." adversary,"n. opponent; enemy ݴ, Batman struggled to save Gotham City from the machinations of his wicked adversary the Jaker. Ʈ ڽ Ŀ κ ø ϱ ο. [+] antagonist, oppugnant" adversity,"n. poverty: misfortune : / ; We must learn to meet adversity gracefully. 츮 Ӱ ó Ѵ. [+] destitution, indigence, misadventure, mischance, misfortune, mishap, poverty" advert,"v. refer to - ϴ, Ǹ Since you advert to this matter so frequently, you must regard it as important. ߱ ̰ ߿ ؾ Ѵ. [+] remark" aegis,"n. shield; defense ; ȣ Under the aegis of the Bill of Rights, we enjoy our most treasured freedoms. Ǹ ȣ Ʒ 츮 츮 . [+] protection, safeguard, security" aeon,"n. long period of time; an age , ô; ô It has taken aeons for our civilization to develop. 츮 ȭ ϴµ ð ҿƴ." affected,"a. artificial: pretended ڿ: His affected mannerisms irritated many of us who had known him before his promotion. ٸ ųʸ ׸ ˾Ҵ 츮 鿡 ҷ ״. [+] camouflaged, disguised, dissembled, dissimulated, feigned, pretended" afferent,"a. carrying toward the center ߽ɺη εǴ; Ű ɼ The nerves which carry stimuli to the brain are called afferent; those that convey messages from the brain, efferent. ڱ ϴ Ű ɼ̶ ҷ ޽ ϴ Ű ɼ̶ ҷ." affiliation,"n. joining: associating with : His affiliation with the political party was of short duration for he soon disagreed with colleagues. װ ǰ ޸߱ ߴ. [+] alliance, conjunction, connection; [-] dissociation(и)" affirmation,"n. solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath Ȯ,ܾ; ϱ⸦ źϴ ϴ The Constitution of this country provides for oath or affirmation by officeholders. ̳ Ȯ ϵ Ǿ ִ. [+] assertion, asseverating, avouchment, avowal, declaration" afflatus,"n. inspiration ; ٶ The poet boasted of his divine afflatus as the source of his greatness. ż 뼺 ٿ ڶߴ." affluence,"n. af < ab(=to, intensive) + flu(=flow) rich supply ; great wealth / abundance; dz ; / dz Although we Americans are proud of our high living standards, we should be aware that there are millions of families which do not share this affluence . ; Foreigners are amazed by the affluence and luxury of the American way of life. 츮 ̱ε Ȱ ڶϰ 츮 dz並 Բ ϴ 鸸 밡 ִٴ νؾ Ѵ. ; ܱε ̱ Ȱ ġ dz信 . [+] opulence" affray,"n. public brawl ο, Ҷ, He was badly mauled by the fighters in the affray. ״ ο ִ 鿡 Ÿ ¾Ҵ. [+] brawl, fracas, fray, melee" agape,"a. openmouthed , ƿ ǻ She stared, agape, at the many strange animals in the zoo. ׳ ä ̻ ĴٺҴ. [+] aghast, dismayed, overwhelmed" agglomeration,"n. collection: heap :  It took weeks to assort the agglomeration of miscellaneous items she had collected on her trip. װ ࿡ ǰ зϴµ ְ ɷȴ. [+] accumulation, aggregation, amassment, conglomeration, cumulation" agility,"n. nimbleness ø The agility of the acrobat amazed and thrilled the audience. Ÿ  ߵ ϰ ϰ ߴ. [+] promptness" agitate,"v. stir up: disturb; to disturb Ű: Ű Her fiery remarks agitated the already angry mob.; Rumors of a strike agitated the workers. ݷ ߾ ̹ ȭ ִ ߵ н״. [+] perturb, provoke" agitation,"n. ag(=do, drive) + ita(=s.e.) + tion(=that which) exitement of the mind or feelings, anxiety ; discussion or debate for the purpose of bringing about a change ; social or political unrest or trouble / strong feeling; excitement <<,>> ,,Ҿ ; << ϴ>>,, ; <<ȸ,ġ>>ȥ In spite of all their agitation , they have been unable to get many students to take part in the protest march. ; We felt that he was responsible for the agitation of the mob because of the inflammatory report he had issued. ° ұϰ ׵ л ϵ . ; 츮 װ ߻ װ å ִٰ ߴ." agronomist,"n. scientist engaged in the management of land Because the country failed to heed the warnings of its agronomists, it was faced with serious famine. ڵ ʾұ ɰ ٿ ߴ." albeit,"a. although - Albeit fair, she was not sought after. ׳ , ׳ฦ ʾҴ." alcove,"n. nook; recess dz Ϻθ  ؼ Though their apartment lacked a full-scale dining room, an alcove adjacent to the living room made an adequate breakfast nook for the young couple. ׵ Ʈ ũ Ĵ κο ︮ Žǰ ħ Ļ縦 ϴ ." alias,"n. an assumed name John Smith's alias was Bob Jones. ' ̽' ٸ ̸ ' '. [+] pseudonym" alimentary,"a. supplying nourishment Ǵ The alimentary canal in our bodies is so named because digestion of foods occurs there. 츮 ü ȭ Ĺ ȭ ű⿡ Ͼ ٿ ̸̴. [+] nutritional, nutritive" alimony,"n. payment by a husband to his divorced wife ȥ Ƴ ִ (ڷ) Mrs. Jones was awarded 200 monthly alimony by the court when she was divorced from her husband. ȥ Ŀ κ 200 ξ ޾Ҵ." allay,"v. calm: pacify : Ű The crew tried to allay the fears of the passengers by announcing that the fire had been controlled. ¹ ȭ簡 еǾٰ ˸ν ° Ű ߴ. [+] alleviate, appease, assuage, lull, soothe" alliteration,"n. repetition of beginning sound in poetry ο, ο ""The furrow followed free"" is an example of alliteration. ""The furrow followed free"" 'f' ο ." allude,"v. al < ad(=to) + lud/lus(=laugh, play) speak of something indirectly / refer indirectly Ͻϴ, ϴ / ߴ Instead of alluding so often to your own achievements and successes, why not wait for other people to mention them? ; Try not to allude to this matter in his presence because it annoys him to hear of it. ڽ ̳ ؼ ׷ ٸ ٸ° ? ; װ οϴ װ ִ . [+] connote, imply, insinuate, intimate" alluvial,"a. pertaining to soil deposits left by rivers, etc.  Ǵ The farmers found the alluvial deposits at the mouth of the river very fertile. ε ſ ⸧ٴ ˾Ҵ." aloft,"e. upward The sailor climbed aloft into the rigging. 豸 ö󰬴. [+] overhead" amalgamate,"v. combine; unite in one body ϴ The unions will attempt to amalgamate their groups into one national body. ׵ ü ⱸ Ϸ ̴. [+] compound, consolidate; [-] separate(иϴ); [-] isolate(Ű)" amazon,"n. female warrior Ever since the days of Greek mythology we refer to strong and aggressive women as amazons. ȭ ô ķ 츮 ϰ ڸ ζ Ѵ." ambidextrous,"a. ambi(=both, around) + dextr(=right hand) + ous(=having the quality of) able to use the left hand or the right equally well ; unusually skillful / capable of using either hand with equal ease پ ; ſ ؾִ / Have you heard the joke about the ambidextrous loafer who was eqally to adept at not working with either hand? ; A switch-hitter in baseball should be naturally ambidextrous. ε ϴ ޵ Ǵ޿ ִ? ; ߱ Ÿڴ 翬 ̿ Ѵ. [+] bimanual" ambivalence,"n. val(=worth,strength) the state of having either or both of two contrary or similar values, meanings, etc. / the state of having contradictory or conflicitng emotional attitudes <ΰ ݴǰų ġ, ǹ > 縳, / ǽ The atrocity shook him out of his ambivalence . ; Torn between loving her parents one minute and hating them the next, she was confused by the ambivalence of her feelings. ܾ ״ Ĺȴ. ; δ θ ϰ ٸ 鿡 ̿ϴ, 鼺 ׳ ȥ." amble,"v. move at an easy pace ̴ When she first mounted the horse, she was afraid to urge the animal to go faster than a gentle amble. ׳ ó õõ ϴ ͺ ϱⰡ . [+] saunter, stroll" ambrosia,"n. food of the gods Ambrosia was supposed to give immortality to any human who ate it. ŵ װ ̸ ִ ." ambulatory,"a. able to walk ִ, He was described as an ambulatory patient because he was not confined to his bed. ״ ħ뿡 ʾұ ִ ȯڷ 򰡵Ǿ. [+] itinerant, nomadic, peripatetic, (ant.)bedridden" amend,"v. correct; change, generally for the better ġ, ϴ. / ϴ Hoping to amend his condition, he left Vietnam for the United States. ״ ڱ ó غ Ʈ ̱ ߴ." amenities,"n. agreeable manners; courtesies µ; In addition to the customary amenities for the business traveler - fax machines, modems, a health club - the hotel offers the services of a butler versed in the social amenities. ఴ ü, ѽ, , health club ܿ ȣ 米 Ĵ 񽺸 ϰ ִ. [+] courtesy, decorums, manners" amicable,"a. am(=love) + ic(=nature of) + able(=capable of) done in friendly way ; peaceful ȣ ; ģȭ Regarding the Indians as ""bloodthirsty savages"", the European settlers were rarely able to maintain amicable relations with them. ; The dispute was settles in an amicable manner with no harsh words.; After months of negotiations, they arrived at an amicable settlement. ε ǿ ָ ߸ ε ׵ ȣ 踦 . ; ģ ȣ µ Ͽ. [+] pacific, peaceful" amiss,"a. wrong; faulty ߸, Ʋ Seeing her frown, he wondered if anything were amiss. ׳ ¨ ״ ΰ ߸Ǿٰ ߴ. [+] incorrect" amity,"n. friendship ȣ Students exchange programs such as the Experiment in International Living were established to promote international amity. ' ȰĿ ' ȯл α׷ ȣ ϱ Ǿ." amnesia,"n. loss of memory; a lapse of memory Because she was suffering from amnesia, the police could not get the young girl to identify herself.; He suffered from temporary amnesia as the result of a head injury. ׳ ް ־ Ͽ ڽ ſ ." amortization,"n. act of reducing a debt through partial payments ä ȯ Your monthly payments to the bank include provisions for taxes, interest on the principal, and amortization of the mortgage. ࿡ ſ ϴ ͵ ݵ, ݿ ٴ , ׸ ؼ ڹ ݾ ȯ ̴." amphitheater,"n. thea(=look) round or oval unroofed building with rows of seats rising behind and above each other round an open space used for public games and amusements; rows of seats similarly arranged in a half-circle in a theater / oval building with tiers of seats , ; , ܽ / ܽ ¼ ִ Ÿ ǹ The spectators in the amphitheater cheered the gladiators. ; The spectators in the amphitheater cheered the gladiators. 翡 ä ´. ; ߵ 翡 ä ´." ample,"a. abundant; adequate enough / He had ample opportunity to dispose of his loot before the police caught up with him.; Richard's scholarship includes a very ample living allowance. ״ ģ ó ȸ ־. [+] bountiful, copious, plentiful" amplify,"v. enlarge; to make lager more powerful Ȯϴ Her attempts to amplify her remarks were drowned out by the jeers of the audience.; He will need a microphone to amplify his voice because the room is much too large for us to hear him without one. ũ Ϸ õ û ϴ Ҹ ҿ . [+] augment, extend, increase; [-] abridge(ϴ)" amputate,"v. cut off part of body; prune ü Ϻθ ϴ, ϴ When the doctors had to amputate Ted Kennedy's leg to prevent the spread of cancer, he did not let the loss of his leg keep him from participating in sports. ǻ ׵ ɳ׵ ٸ ״ ٸ ߴ. [+] trim" amuck,"a. in a state of rage ص ݺ ,ģ پ The police had to be called in to restrain him after he ran amuck in the department store. װ ȭ ٸ и θ ׸ ϱ ûǾ." amulet,"n. charm; talisman ; ȣ Around her neck she wore the amulet that the witch doctor had given her. ׳ 簡 ɾ." analgesic,"a. causing insensitivity to pain , ׷߸ The analgesic qualities of this lotion will provide temporary relief. ׷߸ Ͻ 氨 ̴. [+] anesthetic" analogous,"a. log(=speech) similar or parallel / comparable ,, A bird's wing is analogous to a plane's wing. ; She called our attention to the things that had been done in an analogous situation and recommended that we do the same. ϴ . ; ׳ Ȳ ͵鿡 Ǹ ȯŰ, 츮 ׿ ϵ ǰ ־. [+] corresponding, parallel, similar; [-] lacking similarity(缺 )" anarchist,"n. person who rebels against the estabilshed order Only the total overthrow of all governmental regulations would satisfy the anarchist. Ը ıŰ ͸ ڸ ų ̴." anathematize,"v. curse ϴ The high priest anathematized the heretic. ڴ ̱ ߴ. [+] execrate" anchor,"v. secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place Ŵ We set the post in concrete to anchor it in place. 츮 ġ ü Ű ũƮ ָ . [+] fasten; [-] dislodge(̵ϴ)" ancillary,"a. serving as an aid or accessory; auxiliary Ȥ ϴ; In an ancillary capacity he was helpful; however, he could not be entrusted with leadership. μ ɷ ð ʾҴ. [+] accessorial, appurtenant, auxiliary, subsidiary" andirons,"n. metal supports in a fireplace for cooking utensils or logs ħ She spent many hours in the department stores looking for a pair of ornamental andirons for her fireplace. ׳ Ŀ ħ 1 ã ȭ ð ´." anemia,"n. condition in which blood lacks red corpuscles The doctor ascribes her tiredness to anemia. ǻ ׳ Ƿΰ ." anesthetic,"n. substance that removes sensation with or without loss of consciousnes His monotonous voice acted like an anesthetic; his audience was soon asleep. ο ó ۿϿ ûߵ ῡ . [+] analgesic, anodyne, opiate" angular,"a. sharp-cornered; stiff in manner , ; ϰ His features, though angular, were curiously attractive. ŷ ִ. [+] inflexible, rigid" animadversion,"n. critical remark He resented the animadversions of his critics, particularly because he realized they were true. ״ װ ̶ ˾ұ 򰡵 . [+] aspersion, obloquy, stricture" animated,"a. lively Ȱִ Her animated expression! indicated a keenness of intellect. ׳ Ȱ ǥ īο ش. [+] vigorous, vivacious" animus,"n. hostile feeling or intent 밨 The animus of the speaker became obvious to all when he began to indulge in sarcastic and insulting remarks. װ 񲿰 ϱ ο иϰ . [+] animosity, antagonism, enmity, hostility" annals,"n. records; history In the annals of this period, we find no mention of democratic movements. ô 翡 ־ 츮  ãƺ . [+] chronicle" anneal,"v. reduce brittleness and improve toughness by heating and cooling ö ϴ After the glass is annealed, it will be less subject to chipping and cracking. Ŀ ̰ ų ̴." annihilate,"v. an < ad(=to, near) + nihil(=nothing) destroy completely ; put an end to Ű ; < >ϴ / ıϴ With their bigger, faster, more experienced players, they simply annihilated our team by 56 to 7. ; The enemy in its revenge tried to annihilate the entire population. ü ũ, , dz ׵ 츮 56 7 ߴ . ; ɿ ź ü α Ϸ Ͽ. [+] demolish, raze" annotate,"v. comment; make explanatory notes - ּ ޴; ο ϴ In the appendix to the novel, the critic sought to annotate many of the more esoteric references. 򰡵 Ҽ ηϿ ޷ ߴ. [+] construe" annul,"v. an < ad(=to, near) + n < ne(=not) + ul(=any) destroy the effect of a law, etc. ; do away with ; cancel / make void ȿ ϴ ; ϴ ; ϴ / ּϴ Because they failed to deliver the goods on time, we feel justified in annulling the entire contract. ; The parents of the eloped couple tried to annul the marriage. ׵ ǰ ߱ ü ȿ ص 翬ϴٰ մϴ. ; ¾ ޾Ƴ θ ȥ ȿȭϷ ֽ. [+] abolish, abrogate, invalidate, nullify" anodyne,"n. drug that relieves pain; opiate His pain was so great that no anodyne could relieve it. ʹ Ͽ  װ . [+] analgesic, anesthetic, balm, paregoric" anoint,"v. consecrate ⸧ ϴ. The prophet Samuel anointed David with oil, crowning him king of Israel. 繫 ̺ ̽ հ 鼭 ѷ ߴ. [+] dedicate, hallow, sanctify" anomalous,"a. abnormal; irregular; unusual ; ұĢ He was placed in the anomalous position of seeming to approve procedures which he despised.; It is an anomalous situation; He is the director of the personnel office, but he does not have the authority to hire and dismiss staff. ״ ڽ ؾ 忡 . [+] aberrant, abnormal, atypical, deviant, untypical; [-] conforming to an established rule( ); [-] normal(Ϲ)" anonymity,"n. state of being nameless; anonymousness ͸ The donor of the gift asked the college not to mention him by name; the dean readily agreed to respect his anonymity. ǰ ڴ ڽ ̸ ʵ п Źߴµ ͸ Ͽ ߴ. [+] incognito" anonymous,"a. an(=not, without) + onym(=name, word) without a name, or with a name that is not made known / having no name ڹ̻,͸ Although we cannot mention her name, we want to express our heartfelt gratitude to the anonymous donor who gave this generous gift to our Building Fund. ; He tried to ascertain the identity of the writer of the anonymous letter. ׳ ̸ 츮 ݿ ̷ θ ͸ ڿ ɿ 췯 縦 ǥϰ ʹ. ; ״ ͸ ſ ߴ." antagonism,"n. active resistance , ݴ, , Despite his lawyers' best efforts to stop him, the angry prisoner continued to make antagonistic remarks to the judge. ȭ ˼ ׸ Ϸ ȣ ¿ ұϰ ǰ ϴ Ͽ. [+] animus, enmity, hostility" antagonistic,"a. hostile; opposed ϴ Despite his lawyers best efforts to stop him, the angry prisoner continued to make antagonistic remarks to the judge. ȭ ˼ ׸ Ϸ ȣ ¿ ұϰ ǰ ϴ Ͽ. [+] adverse, antipathetic, oppugnant, rancorous" antecede,"v. precede ϴ, ռ The invention of the radiotelegraph anteceded the development of television by a quarter of a century. ȭ ߸ ڷ 25 ռ. [+] forerun, predate" antecedents,"n. preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; early life;ancestors Before giving permission for Drummle to marry Estella, Miss Havisham had a few questions about the young man's birth and antecedents. ɿ ڶ ȥ ϱ Ϻ񼤾 ¿ Ͽ. [+] precedents" antediluvian,"n.a. di(=away+lu(=wash) old-fashioned person / of the time before the Flood ; old-fashioned ; out of date / antiquated; ancient Ļ / ȫ ; , dz ; ô뿡 ڶ / °; Noah was an antediluvian patriarch. ; The antediluvian customs had apparently not changed for thousands of years. Noah ȫ ̴. ; õ ȭ Ҵ. [+] antique, archaic" anthropoid,"n.a. anthrop(=man) anthropoid animal / man-like / manlike ΰ , ο / ΰ, ο The gorilla is the strongest of the anthropoid animals. ; The gorilla is the strongest of the anthropoid animals. ο  . ; ο ߿ ̴. [+] anthropomorphic, humanoid" anthropologist,"n. a student of the history and science of mankind η Anthropologists have discovered several relics prehistoric man in this area. ηڵ ô ΰ ߰ߴ." anticlimax,"n. clim(=ladder) sudden fall from something noble, serious, important, sensible, etc. ; descent that contrasts with a previous rise / letdown in thought or emotion <, , ߿, ո > ޶ ; λ / ̳ ޶ / , Their reunion was an anticlimax to the tragedy. ; After the fine performance I the first act, the rest of the play was an anticlimax. ; After the fine performance in the first act, the rest of the play was an anticlimax. ׵ λ . ; 1 Ǹ . ; 1 Ǹ ." antiseptic,"n.a. sept(=rotten) chemical substance preventing infection / preventing infection / substance that prevents infection / He bathed the wound with an antiseptic . ; It is advisable to apply an antiseptic to any wound, no matter how alight or insignificant. ״ ó ߶. ; ƹ ó ̹ϴ ҵ ϴ ٶϴ." apathetic,"a. indifferent , ô He felt apathetic about the conditions he had observed and did not care to fight against them. ״ װ Ȳ ߱ װͿ Ͽ ο ʾҴ. [+] aloof, impassive, indifferent" ape,"v. imitate or mimic 䳻 He was suspended for a week because he had aped the principal in front of the whole school. ״ տ 䳻± ϰ ߴ." aphasia,"n. loss of speech due to injury Ǿ After the automobile accident, the victim had periods of aphasia when he could not speak at all or could only mumble incoherently. ڵ Ŀ ڴ ų ߾Ÿ ־ Ǿ Ⱓ ־." apiary,"n. a place where bees are kept Although he spent many hours daily in the apiary, he was very seldom bitten by a bee. װ 忡 ð ʾҴ." aplomb,"n. poise ¿, ħ, His nonchalance and aplomb in times of trouble always encouraged his followers. ñ⿡ װ ¿԰ ħ ׻ ڵ鿡 Ǿ. [+] composure, equanimity, imperturbability, placidity, poise, sangfroid, serenity, tranquillity" apocalyptic,"a. prophetic; pertaining to revelations ; His apocalyptic remarks were dismissed by his audience as wild surmises. ûߵ鿡 ֵǾ. [+] sibylline" apologue,"n. log(=speech) fable, a short allegorical story with a moral / maral fable ȭ, ƴ Aesop's fables are classic example of the apologue . ; Aesop's Fables are classic examples of the apologue. ̼ ̾߱ ȭ ̴. ; ̼ ȭ ƴ ̴." apostate,"n. st < a>(=stand) one who abandons his faith / one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs 豳, / , He became an apostate when he left the church. ; Because he switched from one party to another, his former friends shunned him as an apostate. ״ ȸ 豳 Ǿ. ; װ ٸ Ű ģ ׸ ڶ ȴ. [+] betrayer, defector, recreant, renegade" apothecary,"n. thec(=case) person who prepares and sells medicines and medical goods / druggist , / The apothecary filled the doctor's prescription. ; In the apothecaries' weight, twelve ounces equal one pound. ǻ ó ߴ. ; Կ 12½ 1Ŀ." apothegm,"n. thegm(=cry out,utter) short, pointed or forceful saying / pithy, compact saying 汸, ݾ We groaned at the familiar apothegm . ; Proverbs are apothegms that have become familiar sayings. 츮 ģ 汸 ߴ. ; ݾ ˷ Ǿ ִ 汸. [+] aphorism" appall,"v. ap < ad(=to) + pal (=pale) fill with fear or terror ; dismay ; shock deeply Ҹġ ϴ ; ǻ ϴ ; ϰ ϴ / ϴ. What appalled us even more than the fearful living condition was the fact that the refugees seemed to have lost all hope. ; We were appalled by the horrifying conditions in the city's jails. һ󺸴 츮 ǻ ߴ dzε Ҵٴ ̾. ; 츮 ȯ濡 Ҹ ƴ. [+] horrify" append,"v. ap < ad(=to, add) + pend(=hang) add in writing or in print ; attach ; hang ÷ϴ ; ÷ϴ ; ... Ŵ޴ I didn't have time to write a letter to Lucy, but I appended a few sentences to my sister's letter, expressing my heartiest congratulations. ; I shall append this chart to my report. Lucy ð ϴ ٿ . ; ǥ ÷ ̴. [+] affix" application,"n. diligent attention / ; ; û; ; ; ()ٸ; ; ; ٸ; ; û Pleased with how well Tom had whitewashed the fence, Aunt Polly praised him for his application. (secondary meaning) Ÿ ĥ Ϳ ⻵ϸ鼭 Īߴ. [+] concentration" apprehend,"v. arrest a criminal; dread; perceive üϴ, ϴ; ϴ; ϴ The police will apprehend the culprit and convict him before long. ڸ üϿ ˸ ̴. [+] arraign, arrest, indict; comprehend, discern, perceive" appurtenances,"n. subordinate possessions μӹ He bought the estate and all its appurtenances. ״ ε װͿ μӹ 鿴. [+] accessory, adjunct, appendage, appendix" aquiline,"a. curved; hooked He can be recognized by his aquiline nose, curved like the beak of the eagle. ״ θó ˾ ִ. [+] beaked" arable,"a. fit for plowing ۿ The land was no longer arable; erosion had removed the valuable topsoil. ̻ ⿡ ϴ. ħ ۿ ǥ䰡 ŵǾ. [+] cultivable" arbitrate,"v. act as judge ϴ She was called upon to arbitrate the dispute between the union and the management. ׳ 濵ڿ 뵿հ ϵ Ź ޾Ҵ. [+] intermediate, mediate, placate" arboretum,"n. place where different varieties of trees and shrubs are studied and exhibited Ĺ Walking along the tree-lined paths of the arboretum, Rita noted poplars, firs, and some particularly fine sycamores. Ÿ ִ Ĺ 鼭 ̴ ÷ , , Ưϸ鼭 Ƹٿ öŸʽ  ǰ ȴ." archaeology,"n. study of artifacts and relics of early mankind The professor of archaeology headed an expedition to the Gobi Desert in search of ancient ruins. ã 縷 Ž ." ardor,"n. heat; passion; zeal ; ; Katya's ardor was contagious; soon all her fellow demonstrators were busily making posters and handing out flyers, inspired by her ardent enthusiasm for the cause. īŸ θ ĵǾ . ׳ ڵ ׳ Ǿ ٻڰ ͸ ־. [+] enthusiasm, fervor" argot,"n. slang Ӿ, In the argot of the underworld, she ""was taken for a ride."" ϸ ׳ ""⸦ ߴ"". [+] cant, jargon" aria,"n. operatic solo Ƹ At her Metropolitan Opera audition, Marian Anderson sang an aria from ""Norma."" Ʈź ǿ ش 'Norma' ƸƸ ҷ." armada,"n. fleet of warships Դ Queen Elizabeth's navy was able to defeat the mighty armada that threatened the English coast. ں ر ؾ ߴ Դ븦 ־." aromatic,"a. fragrant ο Medieval! sailing vessels brought aromatic herbs from China to Europe. ߼ ؼ ο ʸ ߱ Դ. [+] fragrant, odoriferous, odorous, perfumed, redolent" array,"v. marshal; draw up in order / clothe; adorn ĽŰ, / Դ, ϴ / ϴ; ϴ His actions were bound to array public sentiment against him. ; She liked to watch her mother array herself in her finest clothes before going out for the evening. ൿ ڱ⿡ Ž ϴ ̾. ; ׳ Ӵϰ ῡ ϱ Դ ⸦ ߴ. [+] accoutre, attire" arrears,"n. being in debt ̺, ü He was in arrears with his payments on the car. ״ ڵ üϿ. [+] indebtedness" arrogance,"n. ar < ad(=to, add) + rog(=ask) the state or manner of having too great pride in oneself / hughtiness; haughtness Ÿ, It has always been typical of the arrogance of youth to assume that the older generation ""has made a mess of things"". ; The arrogance of the nobility was resented by the middle class.; The suspects will be arraigned by the district court. ⼺밡 ijҴٰ ϴ ̴. ; ߷ а״. [+] haughtiness, hauteur, imperiousness, loftiness, superciliousness" arrogate,"v. ar < ad(=to, add) + rog(=ask) claim or seize without right ; attribute unjustly / claim without reasonable grounds Īϴ,Ⱦϴ ; < >... / ϴ, ϴ, Ѵ The United States Constitution is uniquely designed to provide protection against individuals and bodies which might seek to arrogate undue power to themselves. ; I am afraid that the manner in which he arrogates power to himself indicates that he is willing to ignore Constitutional limitations. ̱ δ Ƿ ĪϷ 𸣴 ̳ ܿ å ϵ Ǿ ִ. ; , װ ڽ Ƿ ϴ µ ϰڴٴ Ÿ ̶ ȴ. [+] commandeer, usurp" arroyo,"n. gully Until the heavy rains of the past spring, this arroyo had been a dry bed. ص ٴ̾. [+] gorge" artifacts,"n. products of primitive culture ùȭ 깰, ΰ, Archaeologists debated the significance of the artifacts discovered in the ruins of Asia Minor and came to no conclusion. ڵ Ҿƽþ ߰ߵ ȭ 깰 ߿伺 ߴµ п ߴ." artless,"a. without guile; open and honest , Red Riding Hood's artless comment, ""Grandma, what big eyes you have!"" indicates the child's innocent surprise at her ""grandmother's"" changed appearance. ?ΰ ̰ ""ҸӴ, ũó׿."" ϰ ҸӴ ޶ ܸ Ÿ. [+] ingenious, naive, unaffected, unartful, unsophisticated" asceticism,"n. doctrine of self-denial ݿ We find asceticism practiced in many monasteries. 츮 ݿǰ ȴ. [+] hedonism" aseptic,"a. preventing putrefaction or blood poisoning by killing bacteria μ, Hospitals succeeded in lowering the mortality rate as soon as they introduced aseptic conditions. ¸ ־. [-] contaminated()" ashen,"a. ash-colored ; â Her face was ashen with fear. â . [+] blanched, bleached livid, pallid, wan" asinine,"a. studpid ٺ Your asinine remarks prove that you have not given this problem any serious consideration ߾ ʾҴٴ Ÿ. [+] fatuous, silly, unwitty, witless" askew,"e. out of the straight or usual level position / crookedly; slanted; at an angle 񽺵, ѷ, ϱ׷ / Ծ; The jostling of the crowd knocked his hat askew . ; When he placed his hat askew upon his head, his observers laughed. ߵ ħ ڰ ϱ׷ . ; װ ڸ 񽺵 . [+] askance, awry, crookedly" asperity,"n. sharpness of temper ż, ġ, Ҷ These remarks, spoken with asperity, stung the boys to whom they had been directed. Ȥϰ ҳ ߴ. [+] acerbity, acrimony, mordancy; [-] mildness of temper( ȭ)" aspirant,"n. seeker after position or status ź ϴ , ⼼ ߱ϴ Although I am an aspirant for public office, I am not willing to accept the dictates of the party bosses. ϴ δ ޾Ƶ ʾҴ. [+] applicant, candidate" aspiration,"n. noble ambition ; Man's aspirations should be as lofty as the stars. ΰ ߸ 鸸ŭ̳ ̾ Ѵ. [+] passion" assay,"v. analyze; eval!uate мϴ; ϴ When they assayed the ore, they found that they had discovered a very rich vein. ׵ ϰ ſ dz ߰ ˾Ҵ. [+] appraise, assess, estimate" assent,"n.v. as < ad(=to, near) + sent(=feel) agreement / agree to something / accept / ϴ As a state legislator, you should not give your assent to any measure unless you truly believe it. ; It gives me great pleasure to assent to your request. ȸ ǿμ Ƿ װ ٰ  ó ؼ ȵ˴ϴ. ; 䱸 ޾Ƶ ־ ſ ڴ. [+] accede, acquiesce, consent" assessment,"n. estimation; appraisal ; , I would like to have your assessment of the situation in South Africa. ī Ȳ 򰡸 ʹ. [+] appraisal, estimation, eval!uation" asseverate,"v. as < ad(=to, intensive) + sever(=serious) assert solemnly / make a positive statement or solemn declaration ܾϴ / Ȯϴ We did not really suspect him until he asseverated his innocence with a vehemence and eloquence that sounded contrived and carefully rehearsed. ; I will asseverate my conviction that he is guilty. 츮 װ ٸ系 鸮 ޺ ܾ ׸ ǽ ʾҴ. ; װ ϴٴ Ȯ ϰڴ." asteroid,"n. aster(=star) any of many small planets between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter Ȥ / Ȥ She decorated her hair with asteroid pins. ; Asteroids have become commonplace to the readers of interstellar travel stories in science fiction magazines. ׳ Ӹ ߴ. ; ༺ Ҽ 鰣 ̾߱⸦ ڵ鿡Դ Ǿ." astigmatism,"n. eye defect which prevents proper focus As soon a s his parents discovered that the boy suffered form astigmatism, they took him to the optometrist for corrective glasses. θ ҳ ö ˾Ƴڸ ׵ Ȱ ֱ ׸ ˾Ȼ翡 ." astral,"a. relating to the stars ; She was amazed at the number of astral bodies the new telescope revealed. ׳ ִ õü ڿ . [+] sidereal, stellar" astronomical,"a. enormously large or extensive Ŵ, , õ / õ The government seems willing to spend astronomical sums on weapons development. δ ߿ ڴ ݾ Ⲩ ." asunder,"e. into parts; apart Their points of view are poles asunder. ׵ ٸ ̾." asymmetric,"a. not identical on both sides of a dividing central line Ī Because one eyebrow was set markedly higher than the other, William's face had a particularly asymmetric appearance. ٸ ʺ ־ ſ Ī ̴. [+] unbalanced, unsymmetrical" atavism,"n. resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents ݼ The doctors ascribed the child's deformity to an atavism. ǻ ұ ݼ ̶ ߴ." atelier,"n. workshop; studio ȭ; ۾ Stories of Bohemian life in Paris are full of tales of artists' starving or freezing in their ateliers. ĸ Ҵ ̾ε鿡 ̾߱ ַ ȭǿ ָ, ɿ ͵̴." atheistic,"a. denying the existence of God ŷ His atheistic remarks shocked the religious worshippers. ŷ ߾ ڵ鿡 ־." athwart,"a. across; in opposition ; ݴʿ , ߳ His tendency toward violence was athwart the philosophy of the peace movement. ȭ ǿ ߴ." atrocity,"n. brutal deed ܾ In time of war, many atrocities are committed by invading armies. ÿ ħ ൿ . [+] brutality" attenuate,"v. at < ad(=to, intensive) + tenu(=thin) make thin or slender ; weaken ð ϴ ; ϰ ϴ / ϴ; ȭŰ We must not allow passion for justice to be attenuated to mere halfhearted good will. ; By withdrawing their forces, the generals hoped to attenuate the enemy lines. 츮 Ǹ 츮 Ű ʴ Ƿ ּ ȵȴ. ; 屺 ׵ 븦 öŴν ȭŰ ߴ. [+] debilitate, disable, enfeeble, extenuate, unstrengthen; [-] strengthen(ȭǴ)" atypical,"a. not normal Ʋ ; ƴ; ݽ  You have taken an atypical case. It does not prove anything. . ׷ װ  ͵ Ѵ. [+] abnormal, aberrant, anomalous, deviant, untypical" audacious,"a. daring; bold; bold daring Audiences cheered as Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia made their audacious, death-defying leap to freedom and escaped Darth vader's troops.; Their neighbor asked them to keep their dog tired so that it would not go astray. ûߵ Luke Skywalker Leiaְ ϸ鼭 ̰ ħ Darth Vader 븦 Ż ä ´. [+] courageous, dauntless, intrepid; [-] timid(ҽ)" audit,"n. examination of accounts ȸ谨; ȸ˻ When the bank examiners arrived to hold their annual audit, they discovered the embezzlements of the chief cashier. ųϴ 縦 Ϸ ⳳ Ⱦ ߰ߴ." augury,"n. omen; prophecy ¡; He interpreted the departure of the birds as an augury of evil. ״ ߴ. [+] bodement, boding, omen, portent, presage, prognostic, anticipation, premonition, presentiment" aureole,"n. sun's corona; halo ¾ ڷγ; س ; ı Many medieval! paintings depict saintly characters with aureoles around their heads. ߼ ׸ Ӹ ı ִ ڵ Ǿ ִ." auroral,"a. pertaining to the aurora borealis Ȳ ϱر The auroral display was particularly spectacular that evening. ر ׳ 㿡 Ư ̾." auscultation,"n. act of listening to the heart or lungs to discover abnomalities û; û ϴ The science of auscultation was enhanced with the development of the stethoscope. û û ߴ޷ Ǿ." austerity,"n. sternness; severity ; ؾ The austerity and dignity of the court were maintained by the new justices, who were a strict and solemn group. ԰ ǻ鿡 Ǿµ ׵ ȣϰ ̾. [+] rigor, severity, strictness" authenticate,"v. hen(=prepare,acheive) prove to be genuine ; prove beyond doubt, the origin, authorship, etc. / prove genuine ϴ ; Ȯ / ¥ ϴ The curator will authenticate the painting. ; An expert was needed to authenticate the original Van Gogh painting, distinguishing it from its imitation. ڹ ׸ ¥ ̴ . ; ǰ ǰ س ʿϴ. [+] corroborate, substantiate, validate, verify" authoritarian,"a. favoring or exercising total control; nondemocratic , The people had no control over their own destiny; they were forced to obey the dictates of the authoritarian regime. ε ڽŵ ; ׵ ɿ ϵ ߴ. [+] authoritative, dictative, dictatorial, dogmatic, totalitarian" authoritative,"a. hor(=to bound,define) having authority ; commanding / having the weight of authority; dictatorial ִ ; / , They resented his dogmatic and authoritative manner. ; We accepted her analysis of the situation as authoritative. ׵ ̰ ǿ µ Ⱦߴ. ; 츮 Ȳ ׳ ؼ ִ ޾Ƶ鿴. [+] authoritarian, dictative, dictatorial, dogmatic" autocrat,"n. crat(=to govern) ruler with unlimited power / monarch with supreme power 籺, / ; The nobles tried to limit the powers of the autocrat . ; He ran his office like an autocrat, giving no one else any authority. 籺 Ƿ Ϸ ߴ. ; ״ Ե ʰ ó 繫 ߴ. [+] despot, dictator" automaton,"n. mat(=move) person who appears to act involuntarily or without active intelligence ; robot / mechanism which imitates actions of humans ; κƮ / ൿϴ ; ڵ The monotony of his work has made him an automaton . ; Long before science fiction readers became aware of robots, writers were presenting stories of automatons who could outperform men. ڱ ο ״ Ǿ. ; мҼ ڵ κ ˱ ۰ ΰ پ ġ Ҽ Ҿ." autopsy,"n. op(=eye) postmortem examination of a body ; personal inspection / examination of a dead body; ˽ ; / ü ˻ The autopsy revealed death by poisoning. ; The medical examiner ordered an autopsy to determine the cause of death. ˽ ̾. ; Ƿ ˻ ü غ ߴ. [+] necropsy" avatar,"n. incarnation ȭ; üȭ In Hindu mythology, the avatar of Vishnu is thoroughly detailed. α ȭ 񽴴 ȭ꿡 Ǿ ִ." aver,"v. a < ad(=to) + ver(=true) declare as true ; assert ; affirm / state confidently ܾϴ ; ϴ ; Ȯϴ / Ȯְ ϴ Whwn they offered to help him, he proudly averred that he could handle the situation entirely on his own. ; I wish to aver that I am certain of success. ׵ ׸ ְڴٰ ״ ڱ ¸ ó ִٰ ڶ ܾߴ. ; Ȯ ܾϰ ʹ. [+] affirm, assert, avouch, avow; [-] deny(ϴ)" averse,"a. a < ab(=away, from) + vers(=turn) unwilling ; opposed / reluctant Ⱦϴ ; ݴ / Anyone who is averse to our school's having a girl's basketball team doesn't know what's been happening in recent years. ; He was averse to revealing the sources of his information. 츮б µ ݴϴ ֱٿ Ͼ ִ 𸣰 ִ. ; ״ ó ߴ. [+] hesitant, loath, reluctant" aviary,"n. enclosure for birds ? The aviary at the zoo held nearly 300birds. 忡 300 ִ." avocation,"n. a < ab(=away) + voc(=voice, call) an occupation besides one's regular work ; hobby / secondary or minor occupation ξ ; His hobby proved to be so fascinating and profitable that gradually he abandoned his regular occupation and concentrated on his avocation . ; His hobby proved to be so fascinating and profitable that gradually he abandoned his regular occupation and concentrated on his avocation. ̰ ̷Ӱ 巯 ״ ׸ΰ ̿ ߴ. ; ̴ ʹ ְ ̾ ״ ξ ġ߾." avouch,"v. affirm; proclaim ϴ; ϴ; ϴ I am willing to employ your friend if you will avouch for his integrity. ģ ϸ Ⲩ ׸ ϰڴ." awe,"n. solemn wonder ; η The tourists gazed with awe at the tremendous expanse of the Grand Canyon. ఴ ׷ ij ϰ ִ ̷Ӱ Ҵ. [+] frighten, startle" azure,"a. sky blue ϴû; Azure skies are indicative of good weather. Ǫ ϴ ϽѴ." bacchanalian,"a. drunken Emperor Nero attended the bacchanalian orgy. ׷ Ȳ ø Ƽ ߴ." badger,"v. pester; annoy ̴ָ; She was forced to change her telephone number because she was badgered by obscene phone calls. ׳ ȭ ɷ ߱ ȭȣ ٲپ߸ ߴ. [+] tease, torment" badinage,"n. teasing conversation , Her firends at work greeted the news of her engagement with cheerful badinage. ۾ ߿ ׳ ģ  ׳ ȥ ҽ ȯϿ. [+] banter, persiflage" bagatelle,"n. trifle , Trying to reassure Roxanne about his wound, Cyrano claimed it was a mere bagatelle. ö ó ϼ ȽɽŰ Ͽ װ ܼ ó ߴ. [+] bauble, triviality" bait,"v. harass; tease , ϴ The soldiers baited the prisoners, terrorizing them. ε ε ϸ鼭 ׵ . [+] annoy, badger, bother, vex" ballast,"n. heavy substance used to add stability or weight Ʈ(踦 Ű η Ǵ ָӴ) The ship was listing badly to one side; it was necessary to shift the ballast in the hold to get her back on an even keel. 谡 ϰ ־ â ִ Ʈ ϰ ġϴ ʿߴ." bandanna,"n. large, bright-colored handkerchief ռ; ī She could be identified by the gaudy bandanna she wore on her head. ׳ Ӹ ν ȭ ū ռǿ ſ ־." baneful,"a. ruinous; poisonous طο; ִ His baneful influence was feared by all. װ ĥ طο ηѴ. [+] noxious, pernicious, pestilent, pestilential" bantering,"a. good-natured ridiculing ϴ( ǹ̷) They resented his bantering remarks because they thought he was being sarcastic. ׵ װ 񲿴 ִٰ ߱ ӿ Ǵ а ߴ." barb,"n. sharp projection from fishhook, etc. ̴(ϰ κ), The ancient bard Homer sang of the fall of Troy. ȣӴ Ʈ Զ 뷡ߴ." barrister,"n. barr(=board,obstruction) lawyer who has the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher law courts / counselor-at-law ȣ / ȣ She engaged the leading barrister for her son. ; Galsworthy started as a barrister, but, when he found the practice of law boring, turned to writing. ׳ Ƶ ؼ Ϸ ȣ縦 ߴ. ; ֽ ȣ ȣ ϴ ٲپ. [+] attorney" barterer,"n. trader ȯ The barterer exchanged trinkets for the natives' furs. ȯڴ ű ֹε ǿ ٲپ." bask,"v. luxuriate; take pleasure in warmth ȣϴ, ; Ϳ ̴ Basking on the beach, she relaxed so completely that she fell asleep. ؾȿ ׳ ʹ ؼ ῡ ȴ. [+] indulge, wallow; sunbathe" bassoon,"n. reed instrument of the woodwind family ټ( DZ) In the orchestra, the bassoon is related to the oboe and the clarinet. ɽƮ󿡼 ټ Ŭ󸮳ݰ ִ." bate,"v. let down; restrain ̴, ߴ; ϴ Until it was time to open the presents, the children had to bate their curiosity. ̵ ƾ߸ ߴ. [+] abate, diminish, dwindle, subside, wane" batten,"v. grow fat; thrive upon others ܶԴ, ; ( ) ȣϴ, We cannot accept a system where a favored few can batten in extreme comfort while others toil. ް ִµ Ư Ҽ ȶ  ִ ޾Ƶ ." beatific,"a. giving bliss; blissful ູ ; ູ,ູ ġ The beatific smile on the child's face made us very happy.  ູ ̼Ҵ 츮 ̰ ߴ." beatitude,"n. blessedness; state of bliss ູ Growing closer to God each day, the mystic achieved a state of indescribable beatitude. ſ ưν źڵ ູ Ҵ. [+] bliss" bedizen,"v. dress with vulgar finery ϰ Դ The witch doctors were bedizened in all their gaudiest costumes. ε ȭ ġϿ." bedraggle,"v. wet thoroughly 컶 ô We were so bedraggles by the severe storm that we had to change into dry clothing. 츮 dz 컶  Ծ ߴ." befuddle,"v. confuse thoroughly 򰥸 ϴ His attempts to clarify the situation succeeded only in befuddling her further. Ȳ Ȯ Ϸ õ ׳ฦ ȥ ̴. [+] bewilder, fluster, fuddle" beguile,"v. cheat ; amuse / delude; ̴ ; ̰ ϴ / ȤŰ; ӿ Ѵ; He beguiled her into a false sense of security. ; He beguiled himself during the long hours by playing solitaire. ״ ׳ฦ ӿ ߸ ߴ. ; ״ ȥڼ ϴ ī̸ ϸ鼭 ð ְ ´. [+] deceive, defraud, delude, hoax, hoodwink, swindle" behemoth,"n. huge creature; something of monstrous size or power Ŵ Sportscasters nicknamed the linebacker ""The Behemoth."" Ƴ ιĿ "" ༮""̶ ҷ. [+] mammoth" beholden,"a. obligated; indebted ż ; Since I do not wish to be beholden to anyone, I cannot accept this favor. Ե ż ٶ ʱ ̷ ȣǸ ޾Ƶ ." behoove,"v. suited to; incumbent upon - ɸ´; -ϴ ǹ̴; - ʿ䰡 ִ In this time of crisis, it behooves all of us to remain calm and await the instructions of our superiors. ̷ ñ⿡ 츮 ΰ ø ٸ ϴ." belated,"a. (null) coming very late / delayed ʹ ʰ / ڴ She received a belated birthday card. ; He apologized for his belated note of condolence to the widow of his friend and explained that he had just learned of her husband's untimely death. ׳ ʾ ī带 ޾Ҵ. ; ״ ģ ̸ο ι ʰ Ϳ ϸ鼭 ׳ ƴ ˾Ҵٰ ߴ. [+] tardy" bellicose,"a. warlike ȣ His bellicose disposition alienated his friends. ȣ ģ ־ ߴ. [+] belligerent, combative, contentious, militant, pugnacious, quarrelsome, warlike." beneficent,"a. bene(=good) + fic(=do, make) + i(=s.e.) +ent(=having the quality of) doing good ; kind / kindly; doning good ϴ, ִ ; ģ / ڼ ϴ She is known and loved throughout the community for her many beneficent acts in behalf of all types of unfortunates. ; The overly generous philanthropist had to curb his beneficent impulses before he gabe away all his money and left himself with nothing. ׳ ˷ ְ ޴´. ; ġ ھڴ, ڽ ־ ׿Դ ƹ ͵ ʱ , ڼ Ϸ 浿 ؾ߸ ߴ. [+] maleficent" beneficiary,"n. fic(=do,make) person who receives a benefit / person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy or wil; a person who receives money or property from an insurance policy or from a will. , / , , She was sole beneficiary of the estate. ; You may change your beneficiary as often as you wish.; Sergeant Black bellowed orders to his troops. ׳డ . ; ڸ ٲ ִ. [+] donee, legatee" benignity,"n. state of being kind, benign, gracious ģ; ں; We have endowed our Creator with a benignity which permits forgiveness of our sins and transgression. 츮 츮 ˿ 㹰 뼭 ִ ں âֿ οߴ. [+] malignity" benison,"n. blessing ູ Let us pray the benison of peace once more shall prevail among the nations of the world. ȭ ູ 游ϱ⸦ ⵵. [+] benediction" bent,"a. determined; natural talent or inclination ϰ ִ, Bent on advancing in the business world, the secretary-heroine of ""Working Girl"" had a true bent for high finance. 迡 ϱ 뵿 ǥ 屸 ߴ. [+] resolute; [-] ineptitude()" berate,"v. scold sharply / scold strongly ¢, åϴ / ȣǰ ¢ He began to berate tyrants. ; He feared she would berate him for his forgetfulness. ״ Ἦڵ ¢ ߴ. ; ׳డ ׿ Ǹ ִٰ ״ η. [+] revile, upbraid, vituperate" bereavement,"n. state of being deprived of something valuable or beloved ѱ? 纰 His friends gathered to console him upon his sudden bereavement. ģ ۽ 纰 ϱ 𿴴." bereft,"a. deprived / deprived of; lacking / ̵ Divorce left him bereft of family or home. ; The foolish gambler soon found himself bereft of funds. ȥ ؼ ״ Ҿ . ; ٺ ڲ ڱ⿡ ڱ ޾Ҵ. [+] bereaved" berserk,"a. frenzied Angered, he went berserk and began to wreck the room. ״ ȭ μ ߴ." besmirch,"v. soil; defile ; ջϴ The scandalous remarks in the newspaper besmirch the reputations of every member of the society. Ź ġ ߾ ȸ ǰ ߴ. [+] stain, sully, taint, tarnish" bestial,"a. beastlike; brutal °; We must suppress our bestial desires and work for peaceful and civilized ends. 츮 屸 ﴩ, ȭӰ ִ ǥ ؾ Ѵ. [+] brutish; cruel, savage, truculent" bete noire,"n. aversion; person or thing strongly disliked or avoided ; ; Going to the opera was his personal bete noire because high-pitched sounds irritated him. ؿ μ Ⱦߴ. ֳϸ ׸ ¥ ̴." betroth,"v. engage a waman in contract of marriage / become engaged to marry ȥŰ / ȥϴ The couple was betrothed and planned to marry during the summer. ; The announcement that had become betrothed surprised their friends who had not suspected any romance. డ ȥ ϰ ȥ ȹ̾. ; ׵ ȥߴٴ ǥ θǽ ʾҴ ģ ߴ. [+] engage" bibulous,"a.e. inclined to drink; affeted by alchol ϴ, We could not help laughing at his bibulous farewells. 츮 װ ؼ ִ ۺ λ縦 ." bicameral,"a. camer(=chamber) having two legislative chambers / two-chambered, as a legislative body / (ȸⱸμ) Our legislature is bicameral ; it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. ; The United States Congress is a bicameral body. 츮 ȸ , Ͽ ȴ. ; ̱ ȸ ̴." bicker,"v. quarrel; to quarrel ϴ, ϴ; ϴ The children bickered morning, noon, and night, exasperating their parents.; Since she did not speak a foreign language, she was bewildered by the menu at the international restaurant. ̵ Ϸ Ͽ θ ȭ ߴ. [+] altercate, dispute" biennial,"n.a. enni(=year) plant that lives two years / occuring every two years 2 Ĺ / 2⸶ ִ / 2⸶ The biennial pansy flowered in the second year. ; The group held biennial meeting instead of annual ones. ° ؿ  ̳ Ǿ. ; ü ظ ϴ Ϳ 2⿡ ٲپ." bifurcated,"a. divided into two branches; forked ; б With a bifurcated branch and a piece of elastic rubber, he made a crude but effective slingshot. ״ ź ִ ٷ ȿ ." bigotry,"n. stubborn intolerance Brought up in a democratic atmosphere, the student was shocked by the bigotry and narrowness expressed by several of his classmates. ⿡ ڶ л ߿ ̵ ޾Ҵ. [+] cf. bigot ()" billingsgate,"n. vituperation; abusive language ; With a bifurcated branch and a piece of elastic rubber, he made a crude but effective slingshot. װ ϰ Ϸߴ ." bizarre,"a. fantastic; violently contrasting ȯ; ٸ The plot of the novel was too bizarre to be believed. Ҽ ʹ ̻ؼ Ͼ ʾҴ. [+] fantastic, grotesque, odd, peculiar" blase,"a. bored with pleasure or dissipation ̿ ģ Your blase attitude gives your students an erroneous impression of the joys of scholarship. ſ µ л鿡 н ݿ ׸ λ ɾش. [+] sophisticated" blasphemous,"a. profane; impious ; Ұ潺 The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language. 濡 ִ ݹ޾Ҵ. [+] irreverent, sacrilegious" blazon,"v. decorate with an heraldic coat of arms () ׸ blazoned on his shield were the two lambs and the lion, the traditional coat of arms of his family. ڰ ׷ ־ ִ." bleak,"a. cold; cheerless; cold and bare cheerless ѷ; ħ / Ȳ; ٶ; ߿ The Aleutian Islands are bleak military outposts.; Despite his sister's blandishments, he refused to lie to their parents. ˷ . [+] chill, freezing, frozen; depressing, disheartening, dismal, funereal, gloomy, somber" blighted,"a. suffering from a disease; destroyed ΰ ִ; ı The extent of the blighted areas could be seen only when viewed from the air. ı ߿ ִ." bloated,"a. swollen or puffed as with water or air ̳ ٶ  Ǭ Her bloated stomach came from drinking so much water. ׳ â ʹ ̱ ̾. [+] arrogant, bombastic, pompous; inflated" bludgeon,"n. club; heavy-headed weapon His walking stick served him as a bludgeon on many occasions. ̴ ׿ 쿡 ." blurt,"v. utter impulsively Ҿ Before she could stop him, he blurted out the news. ׳డ ׸ ״ Ҿ ҽ . [+] ejaculate, exclaim" bode,"v. foreshadow; portend ϴ; - Ǵ The gloomy skies and the sulphurous odors from the mineral spring seemed to bode evil to those who settled in the area. ο ϴð õ Ȳ 鿡 Ǵ . [+] augur, forebode, foreshadow, foreshow, omen, portend, presage" bogus,"a. counterfeit; not authentic ; ٰŰ The police quickly found the distributors of the bogus twenty-dollar bills. 20޷ ãƳ´. [+] counterfeit, forged, phony, pseudo, sham, spurious" boisterous,"a. violent; rough; noisy ; ģ; ò The unruly crowd became even more boisterous when he tried to quiet them. װ ׵ Ű ξ ĥ. [+] blatant, clamorous, obstreperous, vociferous; [-] quiet()" bolster,"v. support; prop up ϴ; ġ I do not intend to bolster your hopes with false reports of outside assistance; the truth is that we must face the enemy alone. ܺ ߸ ϰ ʴ. 츮 θ ¼ Ѵٴ ̴. [+] buttress, prop, sustain; [-] decrease support of( ϴ); [-] undermine(ջŰ)" bombastic,"a. pompous; using inflated language ; dz The orator's bombastic manner left the audience unimpressed. dz µ ûߵ ϰ ߴ. [+] grandiloquent, magniloquent; [-] understated( )" boorish,"a. of or like a boor / rude; clownish Ÿ, / ߺ; ̽; Because of his boorish behavior, which people find offensive, he is seldom invited to parties. ; Your boorish remarks to the driver of the other car were not warranted by the situation and served merely to enrage him. ϰ 󽺷 µ ״ Ƽ ʴǴ 幰. ; ߴ Ȳ ȭ ϰ ׸ ȭ ̾. [+] churlish, loutish" bootless,"a. useless ; I ""trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries."" "" ħ ͸ ϴ .""" bouillon,"n. clear beef soup The cup of bouillon served by the stewards was welcomed by those who had been chilled by the cold ocean hreezes. ޻簡 ٴ ٶ 鿡 ȯ޾Ҵ." bountiful,"a. bounteous ; generous ; abundant / showing bounty ں񽺷 ; ; dz / ں ִ It was a bountiful harvest. ; She distributed gifts in a bountiful and gracious manner. װ dz Ȯ̾. ; ׳ ںӰ µ ־. [+] generous, munificent; abundant, ample, bounteous, copious, plentiful" bowdlerize,"v. expurgate ҿ κ ϴ After the film editors had bowdlerized the language in the script, the motion picture's rating was changed g from ""R"" to ""PG"". ȭ ڵ 뺻 縦 Ŀ ȭ R PG ٲ. [+] censor, expurgate" brackish,"a. somewhat saline ұݱⰡ ִ He found the only wells in the area were brackish; drinking the water made him nauseated. ״ 칰鸸 ִٴ ˾Ƴ´. ֳϸ ø ̴." braggadocio,"n. boasting ڶ; dz He was disliked because his manner was always full of braggadocio. µ ڸ á ׸ Ⱦߴ. [+] boaster, braggart, vaunter" braggart,"n. boaster dz Modest by nature, she was no braggart, preferring to let her accomplishments speak for themselves. õ ׳ dz . ڱⰡ ڱⰡ ̶ ϴ . [+] boaster, braggadocio, vaunter" brazier,"n. open pan in which live coals are burned ȭ On chilly nights, the room was warned by coals burning in braziers. ҽ 鿡 ġ ȭε ӿ Ÿ ź ." breadth,"n. width; extent We were impressed by the breath of her knowledge. 츮 ׳ ޾Ҵ. [+] amplitude, comprehensiveness, gamut, scope" breviary,"n. book containing the daily prayers ī縯 ϰ⵵, ϰ(Τ) The religious sect demanded daily recitals of the breviary as well as formal Sabbath services. Ĵ Ƚ Ӹ ƴ϶ ϰ ⵵ â 䱸ߴ." brindled,"a. tawny or grayish with streaks or spots ; 蹫 He was disappointed in the litter because the puppies were brindled; he had hoped for animals of a uniform color. ״ 迡 蹫̿ Ǹߴ. ֳϸ ߾ ̴. [+] piebald, pied" bristling,"a. rising like bristles; showing irritation μ; ȭ The dog stood there, bristling with anger. ȭ ä ű⿡ ־." brittle,"a. easily broken; difficult , μ My employer's brittle personality made it difficult for me to get along with her.; The tourists walked over to the brink of the cliff to take a picture. ְ ٷο ־ Ⱑ . [+] fragile" brocade,"n. rich, figured fabric Ƹٿ ̸ ־ § The sofa was covered with expensive brocade. Ĵ ̸ θ § õ ־." brochure,"n. pamphlet å This brochure on farming was issued by the Department of Agriculture. 翡 ÷ 󹫼 ߰Ͽ. [+] tract" brooch,"n. ornamental clasp ű ; ġ She treasured the brooch because it was an heirloom. ׳ ġ ." brook,"v. tolerate; endure , ߵ The dean would brook no interference with his disciplinary actions.(secondary meaning)  ̴. [+] endure" buffoonery,"n. clowning ͻ John Condy's buffoonery in ""Uncle Buck"" was hilarious. ""Uncle Buck"" ĵ ͻ ߾." bugaboo,"n. bugbear; object of baseless terror ; If we become frightened by such bugaboos, we are no wiser than the birds who fear scarecrows. 츮 ׷ ٸ ƺ ηϴ Ұ ." bullion,"n. gold and silver in the form of bars Much bullion is stored in the vaults at Fort Knox. ݱ Ʈ 콺 ݰ Ǿ ִ." bumptious,"a. self-assertive ڸϴ, Ÿ, His classmates called him a show-off because of his bumptious airs. ģ Ÿ µ ׸ ġ ΰ̶ ҷ. [+] impertinent, obtrusive" bungle,"v. spoil by clumsy behavior ij, ׸ġ, ൿ ġ ϴ I was afraid you would bungle this assignment but I had no one else to send. װ ġ ߴµ ̿ܿ ƹ . [+] blunder" burly,"a. big and strong, solidly built / husky; muscular <> , Whenever we need a few yards to make a first down, we call on our burly fullback, Dom Calitrano, to crash through the line. ; The burly mover lifted the packing crate with ease. ù° ٿ ߾Ƶ ʿ䰡 ^ Ǯ Dom Calitrano  ĸ 䱸Ѵ. ; ߵⰡ ٷ̸ ÷ȴ. [+] stout, sturdy" burnish,"v. make shiny by rubbing; polish ϴ They burnished the metal until it reflected the lamplight. ׵ ݼ Һ ݻ ´. [+] furbish, glance, glaze, gloss, polish" buskin,"n. thick-soled half boot worn by actors of Greek tragedy ׸ Ŵ ȭ Wearing the buskin gave the Athenian tragic actor a larger-than-life appearance and enhanced the intensity of the play. ȭ ž ׳ ũ ݷ ״." buttress,"n. support or prop Ȥ The huge cathedral walls were supported by flying buttresses. Ŵ ̿ ֿ Ǿ. [+] prop" buxom,"a. plump; vigorous; jolly ; Ȱ; ſ The soldiers remembered the buxom nurse who had always been so pleasant to them. ε ׵鿡 ߴ ŷ ȣ ´." cadaver,"n. corpse ü In some states, it is illegal to dissect cadavers. ֿ ü غΰ ҹ̴. [+] corpse" cadaverous,"a. like a corpse; pale ü; â By his cadaverous appearance, we could see how the disease had ravaged him. â 츮  ׸ ƴ° ־. [+] corpselike, ghastly, ghostly, spectral; ashen, wan" caliber,"n. ability; capacity 簣; ɷ A man of such caliber should not be assigned such menial tasks. ó ɷִ ׷ õ ðܼ ȵȴ. [+] ability, capability, capacity" calligraphy,"n. beautiful writing; excellent penmanship ; As we examine ancient manuscripts, we become impressed with the calligraphy of the scribes. 츮 ʿ ޴´. [+] chirograph" calorific,"a. heat-producing Coal is much more calorific than green wood. ź ٴ . [+] thermal" calumniate,"v. slander ϴ Shakespeare wrote that love and friendship were subject to envious and calumniating time. ͽǾ ñ ñ⸦ ľ ȴٰ ߴ. [+] asperse, defame, denigrate, libel, maligne, slander, traduce, vilify" camaraderie,"n. good-fellowship , What he loved best about his job was the sense of camaraderie he and his co-workers shared. װ ڱ Ͽ ٰ ϴ װ ִ ٴ ̾. [+] comradery" cameo,"n. shell or jewel carved in relief 簢 Tourists are advised not to purchase cameos from the street peddlers of Rome who sell poor specimens of the carver's art. ఴ α ǰ Ĵ θ Ÿ 鿡Լ 簢 ű ǰ ޴´." canard,"n. unfounded rumor; exaggerated report ; It is almost impossible to protect oneself from such a base canard. ׷ ҹκ ڽ ȣϴ Ұϴ." canine,"a. related to dogs , Some days the canine population of Berkeley seems almost to outnumber the human population. Ŭ ڰ α ̴." canker,"n. any ulcerous sore; any evil ˾缺 ; Poverty is a canker in the body politic; it must be cured/ ̹Ƿ ġǾ Ѵ. [+] ulcer" canny,"a. shrewd; thrifty ; ˾ The canny Scotsman was more than a match for the swindlers. Ȱ Ʋ ۺ ⸦ ƴ. [+] chary, economical, frugal, provident, thrifty" cantankerous,"a. ill humored; irritable , Ű Constantly complaining about his treatment and refusing to cooperate with the hospital staff, he was a cantankerous patient. ״ ġῡ ׻ Ҹ ϰ ϴ Ű ȯڿ. [+] irascible, irritable, petulant, touchy" cantata,"n. story set to music, to be sung by a chorus â θ The choral society sang the new cantata composed by its leader. â ۰ Ű ĭŸŸ ҷ." canter,"n. slow gallop Because the racehorse had outdistanced its competition so easily, the reporter wrote that the was won in a canter. ֿ ռ ޷ȱ ڴ ٰ̰ ߴ. [+] lope" canto,"n. division of a long poem ; ܶ Dante's poetic masterpiece ""The Divine Comedy"" is divided into cantos. ۽ ""Ű"" ִ." caparison,"v. put showy ornamentation on a horse / showy harness or ornamentation for a horse ޴ The gaily caparisoned horses made their entrance into the circus ring to the accompaniment of a lively march played by the band. ȣȭӰ Ǵ ϴ Ȱ ӿ Ŀܿ Դߴ." capillary,"a. having a very fine bore и; 𼼰 The changes in surface tension of liquids in capillary vessels is of special interest to physicists. 𼼰 ü ǥ ȭ ڿ Ư ִ." caprice,"n. whim Do not act on caprice. Study your problem. ൿ . Ͽ. [+] vagary" caption,"n. capt(=take) + ion(=that which) short title or heading of an article in a periodical,etc. ; words printed with a photograph or illustration,etc. ; words on a movie film to establish the scene of the story / chapter heading; text under illustration << 翡>>ǥ, ; <<,ȭ >> ; <<ȭ>>ڸ The cartoon is so cleverly drawn that it tells its own story; it needs no caption . ; I find the captions which accompany these cartoons very clever and humorous. ȭ ſ ׷ ְ ʿ. ; ̷ ȭ ġְ ӽٴ ȴ. [+] appellation, designation" captious,"a. capt(=take) + i(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) finding fault or making protests especially about unimportant points / faultfinding , ú, ϴ / Ʈ He dismissed all of my carefully formulated criticisms with the casual rejoinder that I was being ""unreasonably captious "". ; His criticisms were always captious and frivolous, never offering constructive suggestions. DZ غ ״ ""ոϰ ´ "" ȴ. ; ǵ ѹ Ǽ ʰ Ʈ ̾. [+] carping, faultfinding" carafe,"n. glass water bottle; decanter ; Ź With each dinner, the patron receives a carafe of red or white wine. մ ֳ ޴´." carapace,"n. shell covering the back (of a turtle, crab etc.) () At the children's zoo, Richard perched on top of the giant turtle's hard carapace as it slowly made its way around the enclosure.  Ŵ ź Ÿ õõ װ ɾҴ." carat,"n. unit of weight for precious stones; measure of fineness of gold ; He gave her a three-carat diamond mounted in an eighteen-carat gold band. ״ 18ij¥ ݹ 3ij¥ ̾Ƹ带 ھƼ ׳࿡ ־." carillon,"n. a set of bells capable of being played The carillon in the bell tower of the Coca-Cola pavilion at the New York World's Fair provided musical entertainment every hour.  ִ īݶ ž ɷ ִ ð ſ ش." carmine,"n. rich red ȫ Her carmine-painted lips appeared black in the photograph. ׳  ٸ Լ ˰ Դ." carnage,"n. carn(=flesh) + age(=collective) killing of many people / destruction of life ?뷮л / л The carnage caused on our streets and highways each year by careless driving has become a major national scandal. ; The carnage that can be caused by atomic warfare adds to the responsibilities of our statesmen. ų 츮 ο ӵο Ͼ ߴ ġŸ Ǿ. ; ִ л ġ åӰ ϰ Ѵ. [+] butchery, slaughter" carnal,"a. fleshly ü The public was more interested in carnal pleasures than in spiritual matters. ߵ ü . [+] corporeal, physical, somatic" carnivorous,"a. meat-eating ϴ The lion is a carnivorous animal. ڴ ̴. [+] predacious, predatory" carousal,"n. drunken revel ֿ; ġ The party degenerated into an ugly carousal. Ƽ ġ ߴ. [+] feast, revel" carping,"a. finding fault A carping critic disturbs sensitive people. 򰡴 ΰ ȭ Ѵ. [+] captious, faultfinding" carrion,"n. rotting flesh of a dead body Buzzards are nature's scavengers; they eat the carrion left behind by other predators. ˰ ڿ ûҺδ. ٸ Դٰ ܵ ⸦ Ծ ġ." carte blanche,"n. unlimited authority or freedom ̳ , Use your own discretion in this matter; I give you carte blanche. Ǵܷ ƶ, װ ϰ ϰ ״." cartographer,"n. maker of maps or charts ; Though not a professional cartographer, Tolkien was able to construct a map of his fictional world. Ű ϴ ƴϾ  ־." caryatid,"n. sculptured column of a female figure (ҳ: ) The caryatids supporting the entablature reminded the onlooker of the columns he had seen in the Acropolis at Athens. ϰ ִ ֵ ۿ ׳ ũ Ҵ ǰ Ϸ ϼҵǾ Ѵ." caste,"n. one of the hereditary classes in Hindu society īƮ; λȸ The differences created by caste in India must be wiped out if true democracy is to prevail in that country. ε īƮ ܳ 󿡼 ǰ ޵DZ ؼ Ѵ." castigation,"n. punishment; severe criticism ¡; Ȥ Sensitive even to mild criticism, Woolf could not bear the castigation which she found in certain reviews. 򿡵 ΰ߱  п ߰ Ȥ . [+] chastisement; [-] affection(, )" casuistry,"n. subtle or sophisticated reasoning resulting in minute distinctions ˺; Ƿ You are using casuistry to justify your obvious violation of decent behavior. ൿ ȭŰ ʴ ˺ ϰ ִ. [+] sophistry, speciousness" catapult,"n. pult(=to toss,hurl) an ancient apparatus for hurling stones / slingshot; a hurling machine / ; ; װ ġ A catapult was used in ancient wars. ; Airplanes are sometimes launched from battleships by catapults. £ Ǿ. ; κ ȴ." catastrophe,"n. stroph(=turn) a moment of tragedy / calamity ū , ı, ܿ / 糭 The Johnstown flood was a catastroph . ; The johnstown flood was a catastrophe. Johnstowm ȫ ū ̾. ; Ÿ ȫ 糭̾. [+] calamity, cataclysm, disaster, misadventure, tragedy" catechism,"n. book for religious instruction; instruction by question and answer 伭; He taught by engaging his pupils in a catechism until they gave him the correct answer. ״ л ƴ." cathartic,"n. purgative Some drugs act laxatives when taken in small doses but act as cathartics when taken in much larger doses.  ҷ ϸ ȭ ۿ 쿡 ۿѴ." cauterize,"v. burn with hot iron or caustic νĽŰ; ϴ(¿) In order to prevent infection, the doctor cauterized the wound. ǻ ó ¿." cavalcade,"n. procession; parade ; As described by Chaucer, the cavalcade of Canterbury pilgrims was a motley group. ʿ ĵͺ ⵿ ̾. [+] cortege" cede,"v. transfer; yield title to 絵ϴ; ڰ - ѱ I respect your sensible criticisms, but I dislike the way you cavil about unimportant details. ġִ ױ ݴϴ ȾѴ. [+] carp, dissent" celerity,"n. cel(=swift) + er(=s.e.) + ity(=that which) quickness / speed; rapidity ż, ø Walt tends to react slowly, but when he feels that his own interests are at stake, he can move with striking celerity . ; Hamlet resented his mother's celerity in remarrying within a month after his father's death. Walt ִ ڽ ̱ ·Ӵٰ ø ϰ ִ. ; ܸ ƹ ޵ ȵǾ 绡 Ӵϰ ȥ Ϳ аߴ. [+] swiftness, velocity" celestial,"a. cel(=sky, heaven) + esti(=s.e.) + al(=nature of) of the sky ; of heaven ; divinely good or beautiful / heavenly ϴ ; õ ; ŷ For thousands of years, people have studied the sun, moon, and other celestial bodies and tried to explain how they came to be there. ; She spoke of the celestial joys that awaited virtuous souls in the hereafter. õ ؿ ׸ ٸ õü ԰ ׵  ؼ ű ִ Ϸ Դ. ; ׳ ȥ ٷȴ õ ſ ߴ. [+] empyreal, ethereal, supernal" celibate,"a. unmarried; abstaining from sexual intercourse ; ﰡϴ The perennial bachelor vowed to remain celibate. ųڴ ȥ ʱ⸦ ߴ." censor,"n. overseer of marals; person who reads to eliminate inappropriate remar dzܼӰ; ˿ Soldiers dislike having their mail read by a censor but understand the need for this precaution. ε ׵ ˿ ˿Ǵ Ⱦ ̷ ġ ʿ伺 ϰ ִ." censorious,"a. critical ġ , ϴ censorious people delight in casting blame. ġ Ϳ ⻵Ѵ. [+] captious, carping, faultfinding" centaur,"n. mythical figure, half man and half horse , ȭ (Ÿ츣) I was particularly impressed by the statue of the centaur in the Roman Hall of the museum. ڹ θȦ ִ ιݸ 󿡼 λ ޾Ҵ." centigrade,"a. grad(=degree) in or of the temperature scale that has 100 degrees between the freezing-point and the boiling-point of water / measure of temperature used widely in Europe 100е, / е Most people find 22' centigrade a comfortable room temperature ; On the centigrade thermometer, the freezing point of water is zero degrees. κ 22 dz µ Ѵ. ; µ 0̴." centrifugal,"a. radiating; departing from the center ϴ; ɼ Many automatic drying machines remove excess moisture from clothing by centrifugal force. ڵ ɷ ̿ Ǻ ⸦ Ѵ." centrifuge,"n. machine that separates substances by whirlingthem ɺи At the daiey, we employ a centrifuge to separate cream from milk. 忡 ũ иϱ ɺи⸦ Ѵ." centripetal,"a. tending toward the center ɼ Does centripetal force or the force of gravity bring orbiting bodies to the earth's surface? ɷ̳ ߷ ˵ ִ ü ǥ ڴ°? [+] concentrating, centralizing" centurion,"n. leader of a unit of 100 soldiers / Roman army officer < θ> / θ 屳() Gaius claudius,the centurion , ordered his men to break camp at dawn. ; Because he was in command of a company of one hundred soldiers, he was called a centurion. θ? Gaius Clandius ϵ鿡 ıϵ ߴ. ; ״ 100 ߴ븦 ϰ ־ ̶ Ҹ." cerebration,"n. thought Mathematics problems sometimes require much cerebration. Ѵ. [+] cogitation, deliberation, reflection, speculation" ceremonious,"a. marked by formality ġ Ordinary dress would be inappropriate at so ceremonious an affair. ׷ Ͽ ġ ʴ. [+] ceremonial, conventional, formal" cessation,"n. stopping The workers threatened a cessation of all activities if their demands were not met. 뵿ڵ ڱ ö Ȱ ̶ ߴ. [+] cease, termination; [-] commencement()" cession,"n. yielding to another; ceding 絵; Ҿ The cession of Alaska to the United States is discussed in this chapter. ̱ ˶ī 絵ϴ 忡 ǵȴ. [+] relinquishment" chafe,"v. warm by rubbing; make sore by rubbing 񺭼 ϰ ϴ; The collar chafed his neck. Į Ÿ ߴ. [+] abrade, excoriate; irritate, scratch" chaffing,"a. bantering; joking ; ϴ Sometimes his flippant and chaffing remarks annoy us. ϰ 㼯 츮 ȭ Ѵ." chalice,"n. goblet; consecrated cup ħ޸ ; ż In a small room adjoining the cathedral, many ornately decorated chalices made by the most famous European goldsmiths were on display. 뼺 濡 ̵鿡 ȭ ܵ õǾ ־." champ,"v. chew noisily ô His dining companions were amused by the way he champed his food. Ļ Ҹ 鼭 Դ Ļ ־ ߴ. [+] masticate" chaotic,"a. in utter disorder ȥ He tried to bring order into the chaotic state of affairs. ״ · ߴ." chary,"a. cautiously watchful ɽ, ; β Ÿ She was chary of her favors because she had been hurt before. ׳ ó ־ ڿ ϴ Ϳ ſ ɽ ߴ. [+] cautious, circumspect, considerate, discreet, wary; [-] bold((daring))" chase,"v. ornament a metal surface by indenting ݼ ǥ鿡 ִܳ; ϴ With his hammer, he carefully chased an intricate design onto the surface of the chalice (secondary meaning) ״ ġ Ͽ ǥ鿡 ɽ ־." chassis,"n. framework and working parts of an automobile ڵ ǰ Examining the car after the accident, the owner discovered that the body had been ruined but that the chassis was unharmed. Ŀ ˻ ִ ü μ ÿ ̻ ٴ ˾Ƴ´." chasten,"v. discipline; punish in order to correct ϴ, ܷýŰ Whom God loves, God chastens. ڱⰡ ν ܷý״. [+] castigate, chastise, punish" chattel,"n. personal property 絵 When he bought his furniture on the installment plan, he signed a chattel mortgage. ״ Һη ߴ. [+] possession" chauvinist,"n. blindly devoted patriot ͸ ֱ A chauvinist cannot recognize any faults in his country, no matter how flagrant they may be. ڴ ڱ 񸮰 ƹ ϴ װ͵ ." checkered,"a. marked by changes in fortune ⱸ ; ڼ, During his checkered career he had lived in palatial mansions and in dreary boardinghouses. λ Ķߴ ñ⿡ ״ ÿ ⵵ ߰ ʶ ϼ ⵵ ߴ." cherubic,"a. angelic; innocent-looking õ簰, With her cheerful smile and rosy cheeks, she was a particularly cherubic child. ׳ ູ ̼ҿ ̺ ſ ̿." chide,"v. scold ¢ Grandma began to chide Steven for his lying. ҸӴϴ Ƽ Ϳ ߴġ ߴ. [+] admonish, berate, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, scold, upbraid" chimerical,"a. fantastic; highly imaginative ; ִ Poe's chimerical stories are sometimes too morbid for reading in bed. Ҽ ħǿ б⿡ ʹ Ұϴ. [+] fanciful, fantastic, fictional, fictitious, unreal" chiromancy,"n. art of telling fortunes by reading the hand; palmistry ; ձݺ The charlatans along the Midway claimed the ability to analyze character and predict the future by such means as handwriting analysis, phrenology and chiromancy. ̵ ( ϰ)ִ ̵ м, , ׸ ձ Ͽ мϰ ̷ ɷ ִٰ ߴ." chiropodist,"n. one who treats disorders of the feet ġ ǻ The chiropodist treated the ingrown nail on the boy's foot. ġ Ǵ ҳ ӿ İ ġߴ. [+] podiatrist" chivalrous,"a. chival < caval(=horse) + r(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) of <> the knights or the Middle Ages ; honorable ; courteous / coirteous; faithful; brave ,,,絵ô ; Ҹ ; <<>> / 絵, ǹٸ; 밨 In the violent, dollar-wise world of professional football,there are many cases of sportsmanship and even chivalrous behavior by the players. ; Chivalrous behavior involves noble words and good deeds. ݷϰ ġ Dz 迡 ǽʰ 絵 찡 ִ. ; ǹٸ Ǹ ൿ Ѵ. [+] polite; generous, magnanimous; courageous" choleric,"a. hot-tempered ȭ ߳ His flushed, angry face indicated a choleric nature. ޾ƿ ȭ ش. [+] irascible, testy, touchy" choreography,"n. art of dancing Martha Graham introduced a form of choreography which seemed awkward and alien to those who had been brought up on classic ballet. ׷̾ Ŭ ߷ Դ ¸ ߴ." churlish,"a. boorish; rude ߺ; Dismayed by his churlish manners at the party, the girls vowed never to invite him again. װ Ƽ ϰ ൿ߱ ڵ ٽô ׸ ʴ ʱ ߴ. [+] boorish, clownish, coarse, discourteous, loutish" ciliated,"a. having minute hairs ִ The paramecium is a ciliated, one-celled animal. ¤Ź ܼ ̴." circlet,"n. round band of gold or flowers worn as an ornament on the head, neck or arm ; ring / small ring; İ ; / ; This tiny circlet is very costly because it is set with precious stones. ; This tiny circlet is very costly because it is set with precious stones. ־ ſ δ. ; ĵǾ ־ ſ δ." cite,"v. quote; commend οϴ; Īϴ She could cite passages in the Bible from memory. ׳ ܿ ο ־. [+] present" clairvoyant,"n.a. clair < clar(=clear) + voy(=look) +ant(=having the quality of) a clairvoyant person / having the power of seeing things not seen by other persons ; unusually keen / fortuneteller / having foresight õ ִ / , ÷ ִ, õ ; ִ / , õ Their sensitivity to the moods, expectations, and needs of other people was so acute that at times they seemed to be almost clairvoyant . ; Cassandra's clairvoyant warning was not heeded by the Trojans. ; Cassandra's clairvoyant warning was not heeded by the Trojans. ٸ а ʿ信 ׵ ʹ ؼ ׵ õ Ҵ. ; Ʈε ī Ǹ ʾҴ. ; Ʈε ī Ǹ ʾҴ." clamber,"v. climb by crawling She clambered over the wall. ׳ ö. [+] scramble" clangor,"n. loud, resounding noise ò ݼӼ Ҹ The blacksmith was accustomed to the clangor of hammers on steel. ̴ ö ġ ε帱 ò Ҹ ͼ." clarion,"a. shrill trumpetlike sound Ʈ갰 Ҹ We woke to the clarion call of the bugle. 츮 Ҹ ." claustrophobia,"n. fear of being locked in нǰ His fellow classmates laughed at his claustrophobia and often threatened to lock him in his room. ģ н ׸ 濡 ΰڴٰ ߴ." clavicle,"n. collarbone Even though he wore shoulder pads, the football player broke his clavicle during a practice scrimmage. ̽ ౸ ȣ븦 ϰ ־ ũ ¥  μ." cleft,"n. split ɰ ƴ Erosion caused a cleft in the huge boulder. ν ũ ձ ƴ . [+] crack, fissure, rift" clientele,"n. body of customers ܰմԵ The rock club attracted a young, stylish clientele Ŭ ܰ մԵ ŷ״. [+] patrons" climactic,"a. relating to the highest point , When he reached the climactic portions of the book, he could not stop reading. ״ å κп ̸ å ." clime,"n. region;climate ; , dz His doctor advised him to move to a milder clime. ǻ ׿ ȭ ̻ϵ ߴ." cloven,"a. split , ° Popular legends maintain that the devil has cloven hooves. ΰ Ǹ ߱ ִٰ Ǿ ִ." coadjutor,"n. assistant; colleague ; ; He was assigned as coadjutor to the bishop. ״ ߱ 米 Ǿ." coagulate,"v. thicken; congeal; clot Ű,  Enen after you remove the pudding from the burner, it will continue to coagulate as it stands. ʿ Ǫ  Ŀ Ǫ ó ̴. [+] clot, coalesce, congeal, consolidate" cockade,"n. decoration worn on hat ڿ Members of that brigade can be recognized by the green and white cockade on their helmets. ܿ ׵ ڿ ǥ νĵ ִ." coda,"n. concluding section of a musical or literary composition ڴ (ǰ ) The piece concluded with a distinctive coda that strikingly brought together various motifs. پ ּ Ư ڴٷ . [-] prelude(ְ)" codicil,"n. supplement to the body of a will 漭, ߰ This codicil was drawn up five years after the writing of the original will. ߰ 5 Ŀ ۼǾ. [+] appendix, supplement" codify,"v. arrange(laws, rules) as a code; classify ȭϴ, ȭϴ We need to take the varying rules and regulations of the different health agencies and codify them into a national health code. ǰ پ Ģ Ͽ ʿ䰡 ִ." coeval!,"a. living at the same time as ; contemporary coeval! with the dinosaur, the pterodactyl flourished during the Mesozoic era. ñ ߻뿡 ͼ浵 ߴ. [+] concurrent, contemporaneous, contemporary, simultaneous, synchronous" cog,"n. tooth projecting from a wheel Ϲ ̻ On steep slopes, cog railways are frequently used to prevent slipping. ĸ 濡 ̲ ϱ Ϲ ̰ ִ ö ȴ." cognate,"n.a. co < con(=together) + gn < gen(=birth) word, etc. that is cognate with another / having the same source or origin ; having the same ancestor ; related ; having much in common / allied by blood; of the same or kindred nature / ; , ; ִ ; / ; ; In reading a passage in French or Spanish, I can guess the meanings of many words I have never seen before, because they are recognizable cognates of familiar English words. ; In the phrase ""die a thousand deaths"", the word ""death"" is a cognate object.  ξ ֵ ִµ װ ̵ ģ ܾ ˾ƺ ִ ܾ̱ ̴. ; ""die a thousand deaths"" ǥ 'death' ܾ ̴. [+] affiliated, allied, consanguine, related" cognizance,"n. knowledge ν During the election campaign, the two candidates were kept in full cognizance of the international situation. ĺڵ ˰ ־. [+] perception" cognomen,"n. family name (̸) He asked the court to change his cognomen to a more American-sounding name. ״ ̸ ̱ ̸ ٲپ ޶ ûߴ. [+] surname" cohere,"v. stick together ϴ / ϴ Solids have a greater tendency to cohere than liquids. ü ü ū . [+] adhere, associate, cling, coalesce, combine, fuse, stick" cohorts,"n. armed band Caesar and his Roman cohorts conquered almost all of the known world. θ ˷ ߴ. [+] troops" coincident,"a. occurring at the same time ÿ Ͼ Some people find the coincident events in Hardy's novels annoying. ϵ Ҽ ÿ ߻ ָ ¿ ƴ. [+] concomitant, concurrent" colander,"n. utensil with perforated bottom used for straining Before serving the spaghetti, place it in a colander to drain it. İƼ װ ⿡ ξ." collaborate,"v. col < con(=with) + labor(=work) work in partnership, especially in literature and art ; work treasonably especially with enemy forces occupying one's country / work together ϴ ; ϴ All those who collaborated with the enemy in the hope of gaining special favors will be punished severely. ; Two writer collaborated in preparing this book. Ư ϴ ߹ ް ̴. ; ۰ å ۾ ߴ." collage,"n. work of art put together from fragments ݶ (κ ¥߾ ϴ ȸȭ ) Scraps of cloth, paper doilies, and old photographs all went into her collage. õ, ̳Ų, ׳ ݶ Ǿ." collate,"v. col < con(=together) + lat(=carry) make a careful comparison between copies of texts, manuscripts, books, etc. to learn the difference between them / examine in order to verify authenticity; arrange in order ϴ / ź ϱ ϴ, ; ߴ With tireless patience, the detective collated bits and pieces of evidence until he gained an insight into how, why, and by whom the crime had been committed. ; They collated the newly found manuscripts to determine their age. ĥ 𸣴 ⸦ Ž ŵ ؼ ᱹ , , ؼ ˰ ˰ Ǿ. ; ׵ ߰ߵ 븦 ˱ װ͵ ߴ. [+] compare, contrast" collateral,"n. security given for loan 㺸 The sum you wish to borrow is so large that it must be secured by collateral. ϴ ݾ ʹ Ŀ 㺸 Ǿ߸ Ѵ." collation,"n. a light meal Tea sandwiches and cookies were offered at the collation. ġ Ű Ļ Դ." collier,"n. worker in coal mine; ship carrying coal ; ź The extended cold spell has prevented the colliers from delivering the coal to the docks as scheduled. ߿ Ǿ ź ε ź εη ." colloquy,"n. informal discussion; a formal convention ; a conference , ȭ I enjoy our colloquies, but I sometimes wish tat they could be made more formal and more searching.; Dr. Smith is a colleague of Dr. Harold. 츮 ϴ ǵ װ͵ ̰ Ž̾ Ѵ. [+] colloquium, conference, conversation, palaver, parley" colossal,"a. colos (=great) + al(=nature of) immense ; splendid / huge Ŵ ; , More than anything else, it is Loncoln's feeling for the essential humanity of all men and women that makes him stand out as a colossal figure among small-souled politicians. ; Radio City Music Hall has a colossal stage. ٵ Lincoln ΰ ⺻ ε ׸ ι ġ ̿ Ź ε巯 ߴ. ; R Ȧ Ŵ 밡 ִ. [+] behemothic, gargantuan, gigantic, huge, leviatan, mammoth, titanic" comatose,"a. in a coma; extremely sleepy ȥ¿ ִ; The longwinded orator soon had his audience in a comatose state. Ȳ ûߵ ߴ. [+] lethargic, torpid" combustible,"a. easily burned After the recent outbreak of fires in private homes, the fire commissioner ordered that all combustible materials be kept in safe containers. ֱ ȭ簡 ߻ Ŀ ҹ åڴ ̳ ӿ ߴ. [+] flammable, inflammable" comely,"a. attractive; agreeable ŷ; I would rather have a poor and comely wife than a rich and homely one. ϰ Ƴ ص ŷ Ƴ ʹ. [+] beautiful, pulchritudinous" comestible,"n. something fit to be eaten ķǰ The roast turkey and other comestibles, the wines, and the excellent service made this Thanksgiving dinner particularly memorable. ̹ ߼ ĥ ̿ ٸ ĵ, , ׸ Ǹ Ư £ ´. [+] edible" comeuppance,"n. rebuke; deserts After his earlier rudeness, we were delighted to see him get his comeuppance. ʱ װ ް Ǿ 츮 ⻼." comity,"n. courtesy; civility ; A spirit of comity should exist among nations. ̿ Ǹ Ѿ Ѵ. [+] amity, kindliness" commandeer,"v. com < con(=intensive) + mand(=order) seize horses, stores, buildings, etc. for military purposes under material law ; force men into military service / to draft for military purpose; to take for public use ¡ϴ ; <뿡>¡ϴ / ¡ϴ; Instead of trying to commandeer the support of student body, we must earn it by showing our sincerity and ability. ; The policeman commandeered the first car that approached and ordered the driver to go to the nearest hospital. лȸ  츮 Ǽ ɷ ν װ  Ѵ. ; ٰ ù° ڵ Ѿ ߴ. [+] arrogate, confiscate, seize, usurp" commemorative,"a. remembering; honoring The new commemorative stamp honors the late Martin Luther King, Jr. ? ǥ ƾ ŷ 2 ⸮ ̴. [+] memorial" communal,"a. held in common; of a group of people When they were divorced, they had trouble dividing their communal property. ׵ ȥ йϴµ ޾. [+] conjoint, conjunct, mutual" compact,"n.a. com < con(=intensive) + pact(=fasten, agree) contract ; covenant ; container for face-powder ; a small, economical car / closely packed together ; neatly fitted ; condensed / agreement; ; ; ; Ʈ,ø ; / ¥, ; ´ ; <ü> / ;; , Many leaders in the automobile industry believe that gasoline shortages and higher prices will lead the public to buy more compacts . ; The signers of the Mayflower Compact were establishing a form of government. ڵ ڵ ϰ ִ. ; öȣ ¸ ϰ ־. [+] covenant" compensatory,"a. making up for; repaying , , Can a compensatory education program make up for the inadequate schooling he received in earlier years? α׷ װ  ޾Ҵ ?" compilation,"n. listing of statistical information in tabular or book form ,,ǥ å ڷḦ The compilation of available scholarships serves a very valuable purpose. ִ бݵ鿡 ڷ ſ ̹ Ѵ." complaisant,"a. com < con(=intensive) + plais < plac(=please) disposed to please ; polite ; complaint / trying to please; obliging ߴ ; ; а Far from being rude, Elaine is so unfailingly sweet and complaisant that I sometimes find her personality a little cloying. ; The courtier obeyed the king's orders in a complaisant manner. Elaine ʰ ſ ģϰ ؼ ׳ Ѵٰ Ѵ. ; ÷ а µ ɿ ߴ. [+] agreeable, amiable, good-natured, good-tempered, lenient, submissive" compliance,"n. readiness to yield; conformity in fulfilling requirements , а / ³; ؼ The design for the new scholl had to be in compliance with the local building code. ? б ǹ ȹ ߴ. [+] acquiescence, amenability, conformity, docility, obedience, submission, tractability" compliant,"a. com < con(=thoroughly) + pli(=fill) ready or disposed to comply / yielding а,ϴ / Because she is usually so compliant , we were all surprised when she said firmly that she didn't like our plans and wouldn't accept them. ; He was compliant and ready to conform to the pattern set by his friends. ÿ ׳డ ſ аϱ ׳డ 츮 ȹ Ⱦϰ װ ٰ ȣ 츮 ΰ . ; ״ ؼ ģ ´ Ⲩ . [+] acquiescent, submissive" component,"n. element; lngredient , / ϰ ִ; ; Ϻκ I wish all the components of my stereo system were working at the same time 伭 ÿ ۵ϸ ø. [+] constituent, element, ingredient" comport,"v. bear one's self; behave óϴ; ൿϴ He comported himself with great dignity. ״ ְ óߴ. [+] bear, conduct, demean, deport" composure,"n. mental calmness ħ, ¿ Even the latest work crisis failed to shake her composure. ֱ ׳ ħ ߴ. [+] equanimity, imperturbability, phlegm, sangfroid" compress,"n.v. com < con(=together) + pres (=press) a wet pad / press things tightly together ; make something smaller by pressing ; condense / colse; squeeze; contract ,йںش / ϴ ; ϴ ; ϴ / оִ We can compress the message of the sermon into one sentence: ""Do unto others as you would have others do unto you."" ; She compressed the package under her arm. 츮 "" ޱ⸦ ϴ ϶"" ϳ ִ . ; ׳ Ʒ о ־. [+] compact, concentrate, condense, constrict, press, squeeze" compute,"v. reckon; calculate ϴ; ϴ He failed to compute the interest, so his bank balance was not accurate. ״ ڸ ؼ ܰ Ȯ ʾҴ. [+] calculate, reckon" concatenate,"v. link as in a chain մ; Ű It is difficult to understand how these events could concatenate as they did without outside assistance. ܺ Ͼ  Ѿ 𸣰ڴ. [+] integrate" conceit,"n. whimsical idea; extravagant metaphor Ⱬ ߻, (ڸ, ںν) / ; ȣ; Ѽ He was an entertaining companion, always expressing himself in amusing conceits and witty turns of phrase. ״ ִ ߻ ġְ ٲٴ ڱ ڽ ǥϴ . [+] crotchet" conception,"n. beginning; forming of an idea ; / ; ӽ At the first conception of the work, he was consulted. ״ μ ߴ. [+] concept; apprehension, concept, notion, perception" concession,"n. an act of yielding 纸, / ; Ư Before they could reach an agreement, both sides had to make certain concessions. ϱ  纸 ؾ߸ ߴ. [+] allowance" conch,"n. large seashell ū ٴ In this painting we see a Triton blowing on his conch. ȭ 츮 ٴ Ʈ Ҷ󿡰Է Ҿ ִ ִ." conciliate,"v. pacify; win over ޷,ϴ; ϴ She was still angry despite his conciliatory words. ׳ װ ޷ ȭ . [+] propitiatory" conclave,"n. private meeting ȸ He was present at all their conclaves as an unofficial observer. ״ ڷμ ׵ ȸǿ ߴ." conclusive,"a. con(=together) + clus(=shut) decisive ; convincing ; final / ending all debate ; ִ ; / / ; Ű It is all very well for science fiction writers to speculate, but is here any conclusive reason to believe that intelligent life exists in other parts of the universe? ; When the stolen books turned up in John's locker, we finally had conclusive evidence of the identity of the mysterious thief. Ҽ ϴ Ÿ ٸ Ȥ Ѵٰ ֽϱ? ; ϸ å 繰Կ 츮 ħ ǹ ü Ÿ ־. [+] definitive, determinant" concordat,"n. agrement, usually between the papal authority and the secular Ȳû One of the most famous of the agreements between a Pope and an emperor was the Concordat of worms in 1122. Ȳ Ȳ ߿ ϳ 1122 ̴. [+] covenant" concur,"v. con(=together) + cur(=run) agree, be in harmony ; happen at the same time ; work together ϴ,ġϴ ; ÿ Ͼ ; ϴ After a lot of persuading, our parents concurred in our plans to make a biciycle tour of New England. ; Did you concur with the decision of the court or did you find it unfair? ڿ 츮 θԵ New England 츮 ȹ ϼ̴ . ; ߴ ƴϸ δϴٰ ߴ? [+] accede, assent, concord, consent, harmonize; [-] dissent(Ǹ ϴ)" condign,"a. con(=intensive) + dign(=worthy) severe and well deserved / adequate; deservedly severe <, >, / Ÿ; 翬 When we saw him to be a sad and lonely old man, in spite of his wealth, we realized how condign was the retribution that fate had devised for his selfishness. ; The public approved the condign punishment for the crime. ־ ܷο Ǿ ִ ׸ 츮 ̱ɿ ؼ  󸶳 ŸѰ ˰ Ǿ. ; ε ˿ ó ־ Ѵٰ ߴ. [+] appropriate, suitable" condiments,"n. seasonings; spices ; ̷ Spanish food is full of Condiments. ̷ ִ." condole,"v. express sympathetic sorrow ϴ His friends gathered to condole with him over his loss. ģ 𿩼 ؿ ߴ. [+] console" conduit,"n. aqueduct; passageway for fluids ; Water was brought to the army in the desert by an improvised conduit from the adjoining mountain. α 꿡 ӽ Ͽ 縷 ִ 뿡 . [+] channel, duct" confiscate,"v. con(=with) + fisc(=chest) seize or take someone's property for public use by authority / commandeer; to seize by authority ϴ,мϴ,¡ϴ If you try to smuggle goods into the country without paying the customs taxes, the inspectors may confiscate the goods and place a heavy fine on you. ; The army confiscated all available supplies of uranium.; Please confine your comments to the topic assigned. ʰ ǰ йϷ ϸ ˿ ǰ ϰ ΰ ̴. ; Լ ڵ мߴ. [+] usurp" conformity,"n. harmony; agreement ȭ; ġ In conformity with our rules and regulations, I am calling a meeting of our organization. Ģ ǰϿ 츮 ȸǸ Ѵ. [+] coherence, congruity, consistency, correspondence" conglomeration,"n. mass of material sticking together ,,ȥչ In such a conglomeration of miscellaneous statistics, it was impossible to find a single area of analysis. ׷ ġ о м ãƳ Ұϴ. [+] accumulation, agglomeration, aggregation, amassment, cumulation" congruence,"n. correspondence of parts; harmonious relationship (п)յ; ȭ ̷ The student demonstrated the congruence of the two triangles by using the hypotenuse-arm theorem. л ﰢ ̿ؼ ﰢ յ̶ ߴ. [+] concord, consonance, harmony" conifer,"n. pine tree; cone-bearing tree ҳ; ħ According to geologists, the conifers were the first plants to bear flowers. ڿ ϸ Ĺ ʷ ǿ Ĺ̾." connivance,"n. pretense of ignorance of something wrong; assistance ߸ ü; ; With the connivance of his friends, he plotted to embarrass the teacher. ״ ģ Ͽ Ȳϰ Ǹ ߴ. [+] collusion, complicity" connotation,"n. suggested or implied meaning of an expression! ; ǹ Foreigners frequently are unaware of the connotations of the words they use. ܱε ׵ ϴ ܾ ǹ̸ 𸥴. [+] hint, implication, suggestion" connubial,"a. pertaining to marriage or the matrimonial state ȥ In his telegram, he wished the newlyweds a lifetime of connubial bliss. ״ ȥ κε鿡 ູ ȥ Ȱ ϵ ߴ. [+] conjugal, marital, matrimonial, nuptial" consanguinity,"n. kinship The lawsuit developed into a test of the consanguinity of the claimant to the estate. Ҽ ε Ǹ ڰ ƴ ϴ Ǿ." conscientious,"a. scrupulous; careful; carefou;honest , IJ / ҽ A conscientious editor, she checked every definition for its accuracy.; That is only a congecture on your part,not a certainty. IJ ׳ Ȯ Ǹ ߴ. [+] conscionable, heedful, meticulous, punctillious, scrupulous, upright" conscript,"n. draftee; person forced into military service ¡ Did Rambo volunteer to fight in Vietnam, or was he a conscript, drafted against his will? Ʈ ο ߴ ƴϸ ʹ ٸ ¡Ǿ?" consequential,"a. pompous; self-important ˳? ŵ帧 ǿ; ߿ Convinced of his own importance, the actor stutted about the dressing room with a consequential air. ڽ ߿ Ȯ ˳ µ ſ ɾ. [+] considerable, important, momentous, significant, substantial" console,"n.v. con(=with) + sol(=comfort) radio or TV cabinet made to stand on the floor not a table model / give comfort or sympathy to someone who is unhappy, disappointed, etc. / lessen sadness or disappointment; ܼ ij / ϴ / (ĵ)׷߸ Do you expect me to be consoled by the fact that I was not the only one to fail the exam? ; When her father died, Marius did his best to console Cosette. 迡 ƴ϶ Ƿ Ǹ մϱ? ; ׳ ƹ ׾ 콺 ڼ ϴµ ּ ߴ. [+] comfort, solace; [-] aggravate grief( ũϴ)" consonance,"n. harmony; agreement ȭ, ġ Her agitation seemed out of consonance with her usual calm. ׳ ԰ ̾. [+] accord, agreement, concord, concordance, harmony" consort,"v. associate with ϴ We frequently judge people by the company with whom they consort. 츮 װ ϴ ׸ ǴѴ." conspiracy,"n. treacherous plot , / Brutus and Cassius joined in the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar. θͽ īÿ콺 츮 ̴ ߴ. [+] cabal, intrigue, machination, plot, scheme" constituent,"n. supporter , The congressman received hundreds of letters from angry constituents after the Equal Rights Amendment failed to pass. Ͽǿ ǿ ȭ ڵκ ޾Ҵ. [+] component, element, ingredient" constraint,"n. compulsion; repression of feelings ӹ, , ; There was a feeling of constraint in the room because no one dared to criticize the speaker. ƹ 縦 Ϸ ʾұ dz ߴ. [+] coercion, compulsion, duress, impulsion, repression, suppression" contagion,"n. infection Fearing contagion, they took great steps to prevent the spread of the disease. ηϿ ׵ Ȯ ߴ ġ Ͽ. [+] infection, transmission" contaminate,"v. pollute Ű / ; The sewage system of the city so contaminated the water that swimming was forbidden. ϼ ü ʹ Ѽ Ǿ. [+] defile, pollute, taint; [-] purify(ȭŰ)" contemn,"v. regard with contempt; disregard ϴ; ſ I will not tolerate those who contemn the sincere efforts of this group. ϴ 볳 ʰڴ." contend,"v. con(=together) + tend(=stretch) struggle ; be in rivalry or competition ; argue ; assert / compete; assert earnestly ; ܷ ; ϴ ; ϴ / ο; ϴ.; (ϰ) ϴ With two such candidates contending for the same office, the voters can't go wrong, whomever they may choose. ; In ""Revolt of the Black Athlete,"" sociologist Harry Edwards contends that young black athletes have heen exploited by some college recruiters. ϴ ĺ ׷ ̶ ڵ ص ߸ ̴. ; "" ݶ"" ȸ 츮 μ е鿡 ̿ϰ ִٰ Ѵ. [+] compete, contest; argue, assert, justify, vindicate" contest,"v. dispute ϴ The defeated candidate attempted to contest the election results. й ĺ ߴ. [+] combat, dispute, oppose, resist" context,"n. writings preceding and following the passage quoted Because these lines are taken out of context, they do not convey the message the author intended. ƿ ̶ ǵ ٸ ߴ." continence,"n. self-restraint; sexual chastity , ݿ; She vowed to lead a life of continence. ׳ ϴ ߴ. [+] abstinence, temperance" contortions,"n. twistings; distortions Ʋ; Ʋ As the effects of the opiate wore away, the contortions of the patient became more violent and demonstrated how much pain she was enduring. ȿ ȯ Ʋ 󸶳 ִ ־. [+] deformity" contravene,"v. ven(=come) go against a law, a custom, etc. ; attack a statement, a principle, etc. / contradict; infringe on <, > ϴ ; <, Ǹ> ϴ, ϴ / Ǵ, ݴϴ, ݹϴ; ϴ By invading the neutral nation, the doctator contravened his earlier pledge to guarantee its independence. ; I will not attempt to contravene your argument for it does not affect the situation. ߸ ħμ ڴ ϰڴٴ ռ ߴ . ; Ȳ ƹ ġ Ƿ װͿ ݹ ̴. [+] contradict, gainsay, impugn, negate; encroach, fringe, intrude, offend, transgress, trespass" controvert,"v. vert(=turn) dispute about ; deny, oppose / oppose with arguments; contradict ϴ ; ݹϴ, ݴϴ / ϴ We must controvert his suitability for the job. ; To controvert your theory will require much time but it is essential that we disprove it. 츮 ڸ ռ ؾ Ѵ . ; ̷ ݹϴ ð ɸ ׷ װͿ Ǹ ϴ ʿ ̴. [+] challenge, disprove, refute" contumacious,"a. con(=intensive) + tum(=swell) resisting authority ; obstinate and disobedient ; ϰ / ϴ The situation was rapidly becoming intolerable because the new supervisor found the employees to be not merely uncooperative but positively contumacious . ; The contumacious mob shouted defiantly at the police. ? ǰε Ӹ ƴ϶ ̶ ߱ Ȳ 绡 ߵ · Ǿ ־. ; ϴ ߵ Ҹ ƴ. [+] factious, insubordinate, insurgent, mutinous, rebellious" contusion,"n. bruise Ÿڻ She was treated for contusions and abrasions. ׳ Ÿڻ ġ޾Ҵ. [+] bruise" converge,"v. con(=together) + verg(=turn, bend) come towards each other and meet at a point / come together ̴ / ϴ At first, the two candidates were in disagreement on every issue, but as the campaign went on, their opinions seemed to converge . ; Marchers converged on Washington for the great Peace March. ó ĺ ־ ǰ ޸ϰ ־ ſ ʿ ׵ ǰ ̰ Ҵ . ; ڵ Ը ȭ Ͽ 𿴴. [+] concentrate, focus" convex,"a. curving outward ϸ, He polished the convex lens of his telescope. ״  ۾Ҵ. [+] concave" conveyance,"n. vehicle; transfer ; / During the transit strike, commuters used various kinds of conveyances. ü ľϴ ڵ ̿ߴ. [+] carriage, transport, transportation, vehicle" convoke,"v. call together ϴ Congress was convoked at the outbreak of the emergency. ߻ ȸ Ǿ. [+] assemble, congregate, convene, summon; [-] adjourn(ȸϴ)" convoluted,"a. coiled around; involved; intricate ѵѰ; õ; ھ His argument was so convoluted that few of us could follow it intelligently. ʹ ؼ 츮 װ . [+] meandering, sinuous, tortuous, winding; [-] straightforward(ȹٸ)" coquette,"n. flirt ; ٶ Because she refused to give him an answer to his proposal of marriage, he called her a coquette. ׳డ ûȥ ƹ 亯 ʾұ ״ ׳ฦ ٶ ڶ ҷ." cordon,"n. extended line of men or fortifications to prevent access or egress 輱; ʺ; The police cordon was so tight that the criminals could not leave the area. 輱 ʹ ߰ؼ  ." cormorant,"n. greedy, rapacious bird , Ժ The cormorants spend their time eating the fish which they catch by diving. Ϳ  ⸦ ð ." cornice,"n. projecting molding on building usually above columns ǹ , ó Because the cornice stones had been loosened by the storms, the police closed the building until repairs could be made. ó dz 㹰 ǹ ߴ." corpulent,"a. corp(=body) + ul(=s.e.) + ent(=having the quality of) fat and heavy / very fat ׶, , / ׶ People with a tendency toward being corpulent must wage a lifelong struggle against rich foods. ; The corpulent man resolved to reduce. ׶ ִ 簡 ϴ ο ؾ Ѵ. ; ڴ ߴ. [+] obese, portly, stout" corsair,"n. pirate; pirate ship ; The corsairs, preying on shipping in the Mediterranean, were often inspired by racial and religious hatreds as well as by the desire for money and booty. ػ󿡼 Ż ϴ ȹ ؼ Ӹ ƴ϶ ؼ ȴ. [+] freebooter, pirate" cortege,"n. procession , The funeral cortege proceeded slowly down the avenue. Ÿ õõ . [+] cavalcade" coruscate,"v. glitter; scintillate ½̴; Ⱑ ̴ His wit is the kind that coruscates and startles all his listeners. ״ ̴ ġ ûڵ ߴ. [+] shimmer, sparkle, glitter, scintillate" cosmic,"a. pertaining to the universe; vast ; Cosmic rays derive their name from the fact that they bombard the earth's atmosphere from outer space. ̶ּ ̸ ܰ迡 ⿡ ȴٴ ǿ ȴ. [+] universal" countermand,"n.v. mand(=order) taking back / cancel an order by issuing a contrary order / revoke öȸ, / ϴ / öȸϴ A superior officer has the power to countermand orders issued by a subordinate. ; The general countermanded the orders issued in his absence. ް??ϱڰ Ǹ ִ. ; 屺 ڽ ÿ ɵ ߴ. [+] recall, rescind, withdraw" counterpart,"n. part(=part) person or things exactly like / a thing that completes another; things very much alike ?Ǵ ι, / ¦ ; / 纻; κ Probably unfair comparisons are likely to be made between the sales manager in Oakland and his counterpart in Fargo. ; Night and day are counterparts. Oakland Ǹå Fargo Ǹå ̿ δ 񱳸 ɼ ִ. ; ¦ ٸ ̴. [+] complement" couple,"v. join; unite ξִ, սŰ The Flying Karamazovs couple expert juggling and amateur joking in their nightclub act. ƮŬ  پ Ƹ߾ ͻ ս ϳ . [+] coalesce, combine, conjoin, connect" courier,"n. messenger The publisher sent a special courier to pick up the manuscript. Ǿڴ տ ֱ Ͽ Ư ´. [+] envoy, messenger" covetous,"a. avaricious; eagerly desirous of Ž彺; ϴ The child was covetous by nature and wanted to take the toys belonging to his classmates. ̴ õ Ž ޿ 峭 ;ߴ. [+] avid, greedy" coy,"a. shy; modest; coquettish ݾϴ üϴ; ; 俰 She was coy in her answers to his offer. ׳ ȿ ϸ鼭 ݾߴ. [+] diffident" cozen,"v. cheat; hoodwink; swindle ̴; ȤŰ; ϴ He was the king of individual who would cozen his friends in a cheap card game but remain eminently ethical in all his business dealings. ״ ý ī ӿ ģ ŷ ־ ſ ̴. [+] beguile, deceive, defraud, delude, swindle" crabbed,"a. sour; peevish ٷο; The crabbed old man avoided by the children because he scolded them when they made noise. ٷο ̵ Ҷ ǿ ߴ Ʊ ׵ ߴ. [+] dour, morose, sullen, surly; choleric, irascible, irritable, splenetic, testy" credence,"n. belief ų; ſ Do not place any credence in his promises. ӵ . [+] credit, faith" credo,"n. creed ; 絵Ű I believe we may best describe his credo by saying that it approximates the Golden Rule. 츮 Ȳݷ ٰ ν ǥ ִٰ ϴ´. [+] creed" credulity,"n. belief on slight evidence 縮 The witch doctor took advantage of the credulity of the superstitious natives. ̽ ֹε ̿ߴ. [+] gullibility" creed,"n. system of religious or ethical belief; a belief;a faith (, ) / ų In any loyal American's creed, love of democracy must be emphasized.; Donna is so credulous that she will believe anything you tell her. ǿ  漺 ̱ Ǿ Ѵ. [+] credo" crepuscular,"a. pertaining to twilight Ȳȥ Bats are crepuscular creatures since they begin their flights as soon as the sun begins to sink below the horizon. ¾ Ʒ ϸ鼭 ƴٴϱ ϱ  Ȱϴ ̴." criteria,"n. standards used in judging What criteria did you use when you selected this essay as the prizewinner? ̸ ִ°?" crone,"n. hag The toothless crone frightened us when she smiled. ̰ İ ̼ 츮 . [+] hag" crotchety,"a. ecentric; whimsical ¥; Although he was reputed to be a crotchety old gentleman, I found his ideas substantially sound and sensible. װ Ž Ż ϰ ϴٴ ˰ ־." cruet,"n. small glass bottle for vinegar, oil, etc. , ⸧ 亴 The waiter preparing the salad poured oil and vinegar from two cruets into the bowl. ??غϰ ִ Ͱ ΰ 亴 ⸧ ʸ ׸ ξ." crypt,"n. secret recess or vault, usually used for burial 䱼, ҷμ ̴ Ͻ Until recently, only bodies of rulers and leading statesmen were interred in this crypt. ֱٱ ġڵ ġ ýŸ Ͻǿ Ǿ." cubicle,"n. cub(=lie,bend) small division of a larger room, walled or curtained to make a separate compartment, eg. for sleeping in, or for dressing at a swimming-pool / small chamber used for sleeping / ħ; Ư He says that his cubicle in the dormitory is so small that he has to walk into the hallway to change his mind or stretch his imagination. ; After his many hours of intensive study in the library, he retired to his cubicle. ʹ ۾Ƽ ٲٰų ġ ؼ Ϸ ɾ ; Ѵٰ ״ Ѵ. ; ״ ð Ŀ ڱ ." cul-de-sac,"n. blind alley; trap ٸ ; The soldiers were unaware that they were marching into a cul-de-sac when they entered the canyon. ε   ٸ ౺ ߴ. [+] impasse, stalemate" culvert,"n. artificial channel for water , ϰ, ϼ If we build a culvert under the road at this point, we will reduce the possibility of the road's being flooded during the rainy season. Ʒ θ ٸ 帶ö ο ȫ ɼ ҽų ̴." cumbersome,"a. burdensome ; heavy and awkward to carry / hard to mange δ㽺 ; 彺 / , ٷ The organization of the government is so cumbersome that it is all but impossible to know who is responsible for various activities. ; He was burdened down with cumbersome parcels. ſ 彺 å ִ ˱Ⱑ Ұϴ. ; ״ ſ ־. [+] burdensome" cupidity,"n. greed Ž The defeated people could not satisfy the cupidity of the conquerors, who demanded excessive tribute. и 䱸ϴ ڵ Ž . [+] avarice, avidity, greed, rapacity, voracity" curator,"n. superintendent; manager ; , (ڹ, ) The members of the board of trustees of the museum expected the new curator to plan events and exhibitions which would make the museum more popular. ڹ ̻ȸ ̻ ڹ ڹ αְ ù ȹ ߴ." curry,"v. dress; treat leather; seek favor ϴ; ٵ; ߴ The courtier curried favors of the king. ÷ ߾." cursive,"a. flowing, running 긲 ; ʼ In normal writing we run our letters together in cursive form; in printing, we separate the letters. ۿ ڵ ʱü μü ڵ ." cynosure,"n. the object of general attention Ϲ , ָŸ As soon as the movie star entered the room, she became the cynosure of all eyes. ȭ 찡 濡  ָ Ǿ." dais,"n. raised platform for guests of honor ޴ մԵ ܻ, ڸ, When he approached the dais, he was greeted by cheers from the people who had come to honor him. װ ܻ ׸ ֱ κ ڼ ä ޾Ҵ." dank,"a. damp The walls of the dungeon were dank and slimy. ϰ ̾. [+] damp, moist" dappled,"a. spotted The sunlight filtering through the screens created a dappled effect on the wall. ׹â հ ޺ ȿ ߴ. [+] motley, variegated" dastard,"n. coward ; This sneak attack is the work of a dastard. ҽ ̴. [+] coward, craven, poltroon" daub,"v. smear (as with paint) ( ) ĥϴ From the way he daubed his paint on the canvas, I could tell he knew nothing of oils. ĵ ĥϴ װ ȭ ƹ ͵ 𸥴ٴ ־. [+] smear" dauntless,"a. bold ұ; 밨 Despite the dangerous nature of the undertaking, the dauntless soldier volunteered for the assignment. ѵ 밨 ð ϰڴٰ ڿߴ. [+] brave, courageous" dawdle,"v. be slow, waste time / loiter; հŸ, ð ϴ / ð The children won't dawdle over their homework if they know they'll be getting ice cream and cookies as soon as they finish. ; Inasmuch as we must meet a deadline, do not dawdle over this work. ̽ũ Ű ȴٸ ̵ ׵ ϴµ հŸ ̴. ; 츮 ð Ѿ ϴ , ̹ ֿ հŸ ð ƶ." deadlock,"n. standstill; stale mate The negotiations had reached a deadlock. ¿ . [+] dilemma, predicament, quandary, stalemate" deadpan,"a. wooden; impassive ǥ, We wanted to see how long he could maintain his deadpan expression!. 츮 װ 󸶳 ǥ · ִ ; ߴ. [+] expression!less, vacant" debauch,"v. corrupt; make intemperate ŸŰ; ; ϴ, ֻ A vicious newspaper con debauch public ideals. ǿ Ź ̻ ִ. [+] corrupt, deprave" debenture,"n. bond issued to secure a loan ä The manager of the company urged that the company try to raise money by issuing debentures rather than to try to sell stock. ȸ Ŵ ȸ簡 ֽ ȷ ϱ⺸ äǵ ν ϵ ؾ Ѵٰ ˱Ѵ." debonair,"a. friendly; aiming to please Ȱ; The debonair youth was liked by all who met him, because of his cheerful and obliging manner. ̴ ϰ ģ µ ̷κ ޾Ҵ. [+] civil, courteous, polite, urbane" debris,"n. rubble ν, A full year after the earthquarke in Mexico City, they were still carting awary the debris. ߽ڽ ߻ 1 , ׵ ռ ظ ־. [+] dregs, dross" debutante,"n. young woman making formal entrance into society 迡 ó As a debutante, she was often mentioned in the society columns of the newspapers. ׳ 米迡 ó μ Ź ȸ ÷ ޵Ǿ." decadence,"n. de(=down) + cad(=fall) falling to a lower level in morals, art, literature, etc. especially after a period at a high level / decay <, >Ÿ,, His definition of decadence is simply anything that differs from the standards and customs that he is accustomed to. ; The moral decadence of the people was reflected in the lewd literature of the period. Ǵ ׿ ͼ ̳ ٸ ̴. ; Ÿ ô п ݿǾ. [+] declination, degeneracy, deterioration, downgrade" decant,"v. pour off gently ( ) Be sure to decant this wine before serving it. ָ ϶." decelerate,"v. slow down ϴ Seeing the emergency blinkers in the road ahead, he decelerated quikly. ״ 绡 ߴ. [+] retard" deciduous,"a. falling of as of leaves The oak is a deciduous tree, ̴." decipher,"v. decode صϴ I could not decipher the doctor's handwriting. ǻ ۾ ص . [+] decode" declivity,"n. downward slope The children loved to ski down the declivity. ̵ 濡 ŰŸ ߴ." decollete,"a. having a low-necked dress 巯 Current fashion decrees that evening gowns be decollete this season; bare shoulders are again the vogue. ٰ ȸ 巯 ϰ ִ; 巯 ٽ ̴." decomposition,"n. decay , Despite the body's advanced state of decomposition, the police were able to identify the murdered man. ü ұϰ ص ſ ˾Ƴ ־." decorum,"n. decorous ǹٸ Shocked by the unruly behavior, the teacher criticized the class for its lack of decorum. ൿ ݹ ǰ ٰ ¢. [+] decency, dignity, propriety, seemliness" decoy,"n. lure or bait Ȥ; ̳ The wild ducks were not fooled by the decoy. ̳ ʾҴ. [+] bait, enticement, inveiglement, lure, seducement, temptation" decrepit,"a. de(=intensive) + crep(=rattle) weakened by old age ; old and having no power / worn out by age; weakened by illenss or age;badly used ; , / ľ, Our Constitution is almost 200 years old, but far from being decrepit , it is still a valid, dynamic, and highly practical plan of government. ; The decrepit car blocked traffic on the highway.; In winter the neighborhood children like to go sledding down the decline at the end of the street 츮 200̳ Ǿ ʰ ̤ ſ ǿ ġ̴. ; ڵ ο ߴ." decrepitude,"n. state of collapse caused by illness or old age ; I was unprepared for the state of decrepitude in which I had found my old friend; he seemed to have aged twenty years in six months. ģԼ ߰ Ŀ ƹ غ Ǿ ʴ. ״ 20̳ ̸ Ҵ. [+] debility, feebleness, infirmity" deducible,"a. derived by reasoning ߷ ִ If we accept your premise, your conclusions are easily deducible. 츮 ޾Ƶ̸ ߷ ִ. [+] deductive" defalcate,"v. misuse money held in trust Ź ϴ Legislation was passed to punish brokers who defalcated their clients' funds. ڱ Ⱦϴ ߰ڸ óϴ Ǿ. [+] embezzle, peculate" defamation,"n. de(=down) + fam < fa(=say) harm that is given to one's reputation ; slander / harming a person's reputation Ѽ ; ,߻ Lacking a positive program of his own, he hoped to gain the support of the voters by defamation of the other candidates. ; Such defamation of character may result in a slander suit. ڱ ѷ ȹ ״ ٸ ĺڵ μ ڵ ߴ. ; ׷ Ѽ ˷ ҵ ִ. [+] belittlement, calumny, depreciation, detraction, disparagement, slander" default,"n. failure to do ; Ἦ As a result of her husband's failure to appear in court, she was granted a divorce by default. ׳ ʾұ Ἦ ȥ ǰ ޾Ҵ. [+] delinquency, dereliction, neglect, oversight; [-] fulfill an obligation(ǹ ϴ); [-] pay one's debts( )" defeatist,"n.a. attitude of one who is ready to accept defeat as a natural outcome й/ й If you maintain your defeatist attitude, you will never succeed. й µ Ѵٸ ̴." defection,"n. desertion Ż The children, who made him an idol, were hurt most by his defection from our cause. ׸ ߴ ̵ װ 츮 κ Żν ū ó Ծ. [+] desertion" deflect,"v. turn aside ϴ His life was saved when his cigarette case deflected the bullet. ź ̽ ¾ ״ ־. [+] avert, diver, veer" defray,"v. pay the costs of ()ϴ Her employer offered to defray the casts of her postgraduate education. ִ ׳డ п ϴµ ߴ." degraded,"a. lowered in rank; debased ; ġ ϵ The degraded wretch spoke only of his past glories and honors. Ÿ ڽ ؼ ߴ. [+] deteriorated" deify,"v. turn into a god; idolize ô, ϴ Admire the rock star all you want; just don't deify him. ΰ ϴ ϽŸ , ׷ ׸ ƶ. [+] worship" delete,"v. de(=away) + let(=lime) cross out or omit something written or printed / erase; strike out ϴ, I want to know by whose authority my name was deleted from the list of students eligible to take the scholarship examinations. ; If you delete this paragraph, the composition will have more appeal. 뱸 ؼ л ġ ڰ ִ л ܿ ̸ Ǿ ˰ʹ. ; װ ܶ Ѵٸ ۹ ȣҷ ְ ̴. [+] efface, erase expunge, obliterate" deliberate,"v. consider; ponder ϴ Offered the new job, she asked for time to deliberate before she told them her decision ? ȹ ׳ ׵鿡 ڽ ϱ ɻ ð 䱸ߴ. [+] cerebrate, cogitate, meditate, muse, ponder, ruminate, reflect, speculate" delineation,"n. portrayal He is a powerful storyteller, but he is weakest when he attempts to delineate character. ״ ɷִ Ҽ ι Ϸ ʹ δ. [+] depict, describe, limn, portray" deliquescent,"a. capable of absorbing moisture from the air and becoming liquid ϴ; ȭǴ Since this powder is extremely deliquescent, it must be kept in an hermetically sealed container until it is used. и ȭ ϹǷ к ӿ Ǿ Ѵ." delirium,"n. mental disorder marked by confusion The drunkard in his delirium saw strange animals. ִ ̻ Ҵ. [+] craziness, derangement, insanity, lunacy, psychosis" delusion,"n. false belief; hallucination Ȥ; ȯ This scheme is a snare and a delusion. ȹ ̸ ⸸̴. [+] deceit, deception, fraud, guile; hallucination, illusion" delusive,"a. deceptive; raising vain hopes ⸸; ȤŰ Do not raise your hopes on the basis o his delusive promises. ⸸ ӵ鿡 . [+] beguiling, deceiving; illusory, visionary" demean,"v. degrade; humiliate ǰ ߸; ġ ִ He felt that he would demean himself if he replied to the scurrilous letter. ״ 󽺷 ϸ ڽ ǰ ߸ ̶ . [+] abase, belittle, debase, decry, degrade, derogate, detract, disparage, humble, humiliate, lower" demesne,"n. domain; land over which a person has full sovereignty ; Keats is referring to epic poetry when he mentions Homer's ""proud demesne."" Ű ""ڶ "" ״ ø Ű ̴." demolition,"n. de(=down, intensive) + mol(=grind, heap, burden) destruction ı Since we live in an age of rapid and far-reaching change, we must be prepared for the demolition of many of our familiar living patterns. ; One of the major aims of the air force was the complete demolition of all means of transportation by bombing of rail lines and terminals. 츮 ȭ ô뿡 ֱ 츮 ģ Ȱĵ  Ϳ ؾ Ѵ. ; ֿ ϳ ö ͹̳ ؼ ıŰ ̾. [+] annihilation, ravage" demoniac,"a. fiendish ; Ǹ The Spanish Inquisition devised many demoniac means of torture. ǼҴ Ǹ س´. [+] demonic, devilish, diabolic, fiendish, satanic" demotic,"a. pertaining to the people He lamented the passing of aristocratic society and maintained that a demotic society would lower the nation's standards. ״ ȸ Ϳ ź ϸ鼭 ȸ Ͻų ̶ ߴ." denigrate,"v. blacken ˰ϴ; ΰ All attempts to denigrate the character of our late President have failed; the people still love him and cherish his memory. ΰ ջŰ õ ߴ. ε ׸ ϰ ׿ Ѵ. [+] asperse, calumniate, defame, libel, malign, slander, traduce, vilify" denotation,"n. meaning; distinguishing by name ǹ; Ī A dictionary will always give us the denotation of a word; frequently, it will also give us its connotation. 츮 ܾ ǹ̸ ˰ ش. ܾ 浵 ش. [+] intent, significance; symbol" denouement,"n. outcome; final development of the plot of a play ; ܿ The play was childishly written; the denouement was obvious to sophisticated theatergoers as early as the middle of the first act. ǰ ġߴ. ϴ 1 ߰ ḻ Ȯ ־ ̴." depilate,"v. remove hair ̴ Many women depilate their legs. ׵ ٸ Ѵ." deposition,"n. testimony under oath ; Ż He made his deposition in the judge's chamber. ״ ǻǿ ߴ. [+] testimony; [-] process of eroding(ν)" deprecatory,"a. disapproving ϴ; ݴ Your deprecatory criticism has offended the author. ڸ ȭ ߴ." depreciate,"v. lessen in value ġ ߸; ġ ϶ϴ If you neglect this property, it will depreciate. Ȧ ϸ װ ġ ̴. [+] abuse, belittle, decry, derogate, detract, disparage" depredation,"n. de(=intensive) + pred(=plunder) destruction or pillaging of property / plundering < pl.>ı,Ż The depredations of the terrible disease could be seen only too clearly in her extreme emaciation and feebleness. ; After the depredations of the invaders, the people were penniless. ı ׳ ش ô ʹ и Ÿ. ; ħڵ Ż Ǭ Ǿ. [+] pillage, plunder, spoliation" deranged,"a. insane ģ He had to be institutionalized because he was mentally deranged. ״ Ʊ Ǿ߸ ߴ. [+] crazy, insane, lunatic, maniac" derision,"n. ridicule ; They greeted his proposal with derision and refused to consider it seriously. ׵ ϰ ʾҴ. [+] mockery" derivative,"a. unoriginal; derived from another source Ļ, Although her early poetry was clearly derivative in nature, the critics thought she had promise and eventually would find her own voice. ׳ ʱ ô ڿ и 򰡵 ׳డ ߱ ᱹ ׳ ڽ Ҹ ̶ ߴ. [+] by-product, descendant, outgrowth" dermatologist,"n. one who studies the skin and its diseases Ǻΰ ǻ I advise you to consult a dermatologist about your acne. 帧 Ͽ Ǻΰ Ǹ ãư ǰѴ." descant,"v. discuss fully ڼ ϴ He was willing to descant upon any topic of conversation, even when he knew very little about the subject under discussion. ״ ǵǰ ִ ƴ װͿ ڼ Ϸ ֽ. [+] expatiate" descry,"v. catch sight of ĺϴ In the distance, we could barely descry the enemy vessels. Դ븦 ߰ . [+] discern, distinguish, perceive" desecrate,"v. de(=down) + secr < sacr(=holy) treat a holy thing without respect / profane; violate the sanctity of ż / ǰ ϴ; ż They desecrated the memory of Lincoln by involving his name in defense of such a racist policy. ; The soldiers desecrated the temple. ׵ ׿ å ȣϴµ Lincoln ̸ ԽŴμ ׿ ߴ . ; ε . [+] defile, pollute" desideratum,"n. that which is desired ٶ , ʿ Our first desideratum must be the establishment of peace; we can then attempt to remove the causes of the present conflict. 츮 ϴ ȭ Ȯӿ Ʋ. ŽŰ õ ִ." desolate,"v. rob of joy; lay waste to; forsake Ȳϴ; / ܷο; Ȳ The bandits desolated the countryside, burning farms and carrying off the harvest. ¿ ߼ Żϴ ð Ȳ ߴ. [+] devastate, ravage" despicable,"a. de(=down) + spic(=look) deserving to be despised ; contemptible ߺ ; Far from admiring the way he got those letters of recommendation, I must say that I consider his deception utterly despicable . ; Your despicable remarks call for no reply. װ ׷ õ  Īϱ Ŀ Ӽ ߺϴٰ ؾ߰ڴ. ; 꽺 ߾鿡 ƹ 䵵 ̴. [+] contemptible, despisable, disgraceful, ignominious, infamous" despise,"v. scorn ϴ / ϴ I despise your attempts at a reconciliation at this time and refuse to meet you. ̹ ȭϷ Ѵ. ׷Ƿ . [+] contemn, disdain, scorn" despoil,"v. plunder Żϴ If you do not yield, I am afraid the enemy will despoil the countryside. ׺ ð Ż ̴. [+] depredate, pillage, spoliate" despotism,"n. tyranny The people rebelled against the despotism of the king. ε ġ ݹߴ. [+] autocracy, dictatorship, totalitarianism, tyranny" desuetude,"n. disused condition The machinery in the idle factory was in a state of desuetude. ¿ ִ. [+] cease, cessation, closure, disusage" detached,"a. emotionally removed; calm and objective; indifferent , ʿ A psychoanalyst must maintain a detached point of view and stay uninvolved with her patient's personal lives. (secondary meaning) м ȯڵ Ȱ ʿ ڼ ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] aloof, disinterested, indifferent, uninterested, dispassionate, neutral, remote" determinate,"a. having a fixed order of procedure; invariable Ȯ, Ȯ At the royal wedding, the procession of the nobles followed a determinate order of precedence. հ ȥĿ ̷ . [+] constant, immovable, immutable, inalterable, inflexible, invariable, unalterable, unchangeable, unmodifiable" deterrent,"n. something that discourages; hindrance ع Does the threat of capital punishment serve as a deterrent to potential killers? ڿ ع ۿϴ°? [+] obstacle, prevention" detonation,"n. explosion The detonation of the bomb could be heard miles away. ۿ ־." detraction,"n. slandering; aspersion 弳; ߻ He is offended by your frequent detractions of his ability as a leader. ״ ڷμ ڱ ɷ ϴ Ϳ ȭ ִ. [+] aspersion, belittlement, calumny, defamation, depreciation, disparagement, libel, slander, traducing, vilification" detriment,"n. tri(=rub) damage, harm , ջ / The loss was a detriment to morale. ; Your acceptance of her support will ultimately prove detrimental rather than helpful to your cause. ս ⿡ ջ ־. ; ׳ฦ ϱ  ϱ⺸ٴ طο ̴. [+] deleterious, harmful, injurious, nocuous" detrimental,"a. harmful; damabing طο Your acceptance of her support will ultimately prove detrimental rather than helpful to your cause. ׳ฦ ϱ  Ͻúٴ طο ̴. [+] deleterious, harmful, injurious, nocuous" deviate,"v. de(=from) + vi < via(=road, way) turn away from what is usual, customary, right, etc.; to depart from; to differ , In a society like the United States, we must show understanding and acceptance of those who deviate somewhat from our own standards of what is ""right"" and ""suitable"". ; Do not deviate from the truth; you must face the facts.; Mr.Jackson eats out every night because he detests cooking. ̱ ȸ ""ùٸ""""Ÿ""Ϳ 츮 ڽ ؿ ణ Żϴ 츮 ϰ ޾Ƶ鿩 Ѵ. ; ǿ ־ , ϶. [+] digress, diverge, stray, swerve" devious,"a. going astray; erratic ; 󵵸  Your devious behavior in this matter puzzles me since you are usually direct and straightforward. ־  ൿ ̰ ȹٸ ̾ Ȳ Ѵ. [+] crooked, deviating, digressing, diverting, erratic, errant, stray" devoid,"a. de(=intensive) + void(=empty) completely without ; lacking ... ; ̵ / , He delivered a simple, low-key speech, completely devoid of fancy language or emotional appeals. ; He was devoid of any personal desire for gain in his endeavor to secure improvement in the community. ״ ٹҸ̳ ȣҰ ©ϰ ߴ. ; ״ ȸ ¿ ڱ⿡ Ǵ  ʾҴ. [+] destitute, empty" devolve,"v. deputize; pass to others 絵ϴ; ϴ It devolved upon us, the survivors, to arrange peace terms with the enemy. ȭ üϴ 츮 ڵ鿡 ־ ̴. [+] delegate, depute" devotee,"n. vot(=vow) person who is devoted to something / enthusiastic follower , / Many Americans and Koreans are devotees of baseball. ; A devotee of the opera, he bought season tickets every year. ̱ΰ ѱε ߱ ̴. ; ״ ̾ ų . [+] votary" dexterous,"a. skillful ؾ The magician was so dexterous that we could not follow him as he performed his tricks. ſ ɼϿ װ 츮 ˾ . [+] adept, adroit, deft, expert" diabolical,"a. bol(=throw) of or like a devil ; very cruel or wicked / devilish Ǹ<> ; , ؾǹ The witch mutterd a diabolical incantation. ; This scheme is so diabolical that I must reject it. Ǹ ֹ ߾ŷȴ. ; 跫 ʹ ؼ װ ź . [+] demoniac, demonian, demonic, devilish, fiendish, satanic" diadem,"n. dem(=a band) crown հ / Ӹ θ The sun shone like a diadem on his hair. ; The kings diadem was on display at the museum. ¾ Ӹ հ ó . ; հ ڹ õǾ." dialectic,"n. lect(=choose,talk) critical analysis of mental proceses ; art of logical disputation / art of debate ; , / й, I am not skilled in dialectic and, therdfore, cannot answer your arguments as forcefully as I wish. ; I am not skilled in dialectic and, therefore, cannot answer your arguments as forcefully as I wish. ؼ ϴ ŭ ϰ ݹ . ; ͼġ ʾƼ £ ϴ ŭ 亯 ." diaphanous,"a. phan(=show,appear) transparent, translucent / sheer; <, Ǻ ʰ> ġ, / <<Ǻ ʰ>> ġ / ; Her diaphanous grown seemed part of the moonlight. ; Corot painted poetic and diaphanous landscapes, in which even solid objects seemed to be suffused with light and movement. ; They saw the burglar clearly through the diaphanous curtain. ׳ ޺ Ϻκó . ; Corot ̰ dzȭ ׷ ׸ ü . ; ׵ Ŀư Ȯ Ҵ. [+] flimsy, gossamer, sheer, transparent" die,"״ / ֻ(dice) / n. device for stamping or impressing; mold In coining pennies, workers at the old mint squeezed sheets of softened copper between two dies. 뵿ڵ 2 ̿ ״." diffidence,"n. shyness; lack of confiden- ce in oneself ڽ You must overcome your diffidence of you intend to become a salesperson.; Because our speaker cannot stay for the entire meeting,we will deviate slightly from the agenda in order to begin with his address. ǿ Ƿ Ѵٸ غؾ Ѵ." diffusion,"n. wordiness; spreading in all directions like a gas ; Ȯ Your composition suffers from a diffusion of ideas; try to be more compact. ۹ лǾ ִٴ ̴. ϰ ϵ ض. [+] dispersion, dissemination, distribution, propagation" digression,"n. wandering away from the subject п  His book was marred by his many digressions. å п  κ Ƽ ƴ. [+] deflection, deviation, discursion, divergence" digressive,"a. wandering away from the subject п ; His book was marred by his many digressive remarks. å ߾ п ν ." dilapidation,"n. ruin because of neglect Ȧ , Ȳ We felt that dilapidated building needed several coats of paint. 츮 ǹ Ʈĥ ʿϴٴ . [+] impaired, injured, marred" dilatory,"a. delaying ٹŸ, , Your dilatory tactics may compel me to cancel the contract. ϴ ؾ 𸣰ڴ. [+] laggard, neglectful, negligent, remiss" diligence,"n. steadiness of effort; persistent hard work ٸ Her employers were greatly impressed by her diligence and offered her a partnership in the firm. ִ ׳ ٸ鼺 ޾Ƽ ȸ 濵 ߴ. [+] assiduity, industry" dilute,"v. make less concentrated; reduce in strength ϴ, ϴ She preferred her coffee diluted with milk. ׳ Ÿ ĿǸ ߴ. [+] moderate; [-] concentrate(ϴ)" din,"n.e. continued loud noise ò Ҹ, The din of the jackhammers outside the classroom window drowned out the lecturer's voice. â ۿ ϱ ò Ҹ Ҹ 鸮 ʾҴ. [+] clamor, hubbub, pandemonium, tumult, uproar; [-] hush(ħϴ); [-] silence()" dint,"n. means; effort ; By dint of much hard work, the volunteers were able to place the raging forest fire under control. ڵ Ƿ ȭ縦 ־." dipsomaniac,"n. on who has a strong craving for intoxicating liquor ֱ, ߵ The picture ""The Lost Weekend"" was an excellent portrayal of the struggles of the dipsomaniac. 'Ҿ ָ'̶ ׸ ڿ ߵ پ ϰ ִ." disabuse,"v. dis(=not) + ab(=away) + us(=use) free someone from false ideas and mistakes / correct a false impression; undeceive ׸ ̳ ߸ ݰϴ / ߸ λ ٷ; ߸ ִ Although she is well into middle age, my Aunt Sally seems unable to disabuse herself of the idea that she is still a teenager. ; I will attempt to disabuse you of your impression of my client's guilt; I know he is innocent. ߳⿡ 鼭 Sally ڱⰡ ʴ Ĺ ϴ . ; Ҽ Ƿ ˶ ϴ ſ ߸̶ ְ Ѵ. װ ˶ ȴ. [+] disillude, enlighten, illuminate; [-] lead into error(߸ ̲)" disapprobation,"n. disapproval; condemnation ݴ; The conservative father wiewed his daughter's radical boyfriend with disapprobation. ƹ ģ ݴѴ. [+] denunclation, disparagement" disavowal,"n. denial; disclaiming ; ź His disavowal of his part in the conspiracy was not believed by the jury. ǿ ڱ κ ɿԴ ϱ ʾҴ. [+] negation, refusal, repudiation" disband,"v. dissolve; disperse; to dissolve to discontinue üŰ, ػŰ The choess club disbanded after its disastrous intial season.; Despite its dingy exterior,the little house was very bright and cheerful inside. ü Ŭ ʱ ñ Ŀ üǾ. [+] disjoint, dissect, disunite" disburse,"v. pay out ϴ When you disburse money on the company's behalf, be sure to get a receipt. ȸ縦 ޾ƶ." discerning,"a. mentally quick and observant; having insight ; ִ Because he was considered the most discerning member of the firm, he was assigned the most difficult cases. ״ ȸ翡 Ѹ ֵǾ ׿ ð. [+] insightful, perceptive, sagacious" disclose,"v. reveal ϴ / Ÿ Although competitors offered him bribes, he refused to disclose any information about his company's forthcoming product. ڵ ׿ ־ ״ ȸ ǰ  ʾҴ. [+] reveal" disconsolate,"v. dis(=not) + con(=with) + sol(=comfort) unhappy at the loss of something ; withouut comfort or hope ; sad ; gloomy <<... Ҿ>> ; ; ; ɿ What could be more disconsolate than the long drive home on a rainy night after we had lost the championship game by one point! ; The death of his wife left him disconsolate. ̷ Կ ձ ͺ ? ; ׾ ״ . [+] crestfallen, dejected, depressed, dispirited, doleful, downcast, melancholy" discordant,"a. dis(=apart) + cord(=heart) not in agreement ; not harmonious ; harsh / inharmonious; conflicting ȭ<<ġ>> ʴ ; ȭ ; Ϳ Ž / ȭ ; ο The two leaders are trying to form an alliance, but their respective programs are so discordant that it will be hard for them to work together. ; She tried to unite the discordant factions. ڰ Ϸ ׵ ȹ ſ ٸ ׵ Բ ϱⰡ ̴. ; ׳ ̰ Ĺ Ϸ ֽ. [+] conflicting, disconsonant, crepant, dissonant, incompatible, incongruent, incongruous, inconisistent, inconsonant" discount,"v. disregard ϴ, ܽϴ; Be prepared to discount what he has to say about his ex-wife. װ ó ؼ ϴ ϶. [+] ignore, neglect, overlook, overpass" discredit,"n.v. dis(=not) + cred(=believe) loss of credit or reputation / refuse to believe or have confidence in / defame; destroy confidence in; disbelieve ҽ,Ҹ / ʴ,ҽϴ / ߸; ʴ At times it is natural to feel afraid, and it is certainly no discredit to anyone to admit it. ; The campaign was highly negative in tone; each candidate tried to discredit the other. Ҿ 翬ؼ ϴ Գ Ȯ Ҹ ƴϴ. ; ķ 鿡 ʹ ̾µ ĺڴ ٸ ߸ ֽ. [+] unbelieve" discretion,"n. dis(=apart) + cret(=observe, separate) carefulness ; prudence ; freedom of judgement,choice,or action / ability to adjust actions to circumstances , ; к ; 緮,<Ǵ,,ൿ > / ɷ I look forward to the time when my parents will agree that I have reached the ""age of discretion "". ; Use your discretion in this mater and do not discuss it with anyone. "" к "" Ǿٴ ǿ θ Ͻ Ѵ. ; ־ ϰ ͵ װ dz . [+] canniness, foresight, precaution, prudence" discrimination,"n. ability to see difeences; prejudice ĺ, Ǻ, / They feared he lacked sufficient discrimination to judge complex works of moder art. ׵ װ ǰ پ Ǻ ϴٰ ߴ. [+] acumen, astuteness, discernment, pentetration, perspicacity, shrewdness" dishabille,"n. in a state of undress , dz Because he was certain that he would gave no visitors, he lounged around the house in a state of dishabille, wearing only his pajamas and a pair of old bedroom slippers. 湮 ̶ Ȯ߱ ״ ڸ ħǿ ۸ ̸ ѰӰ ŴҾ." dishearten,"v. cause to lose courage or confidence ()⸦ Ұ ϴ, ~ Ű His failure to pass the bar exam disheartened him. ״ ȣ 迡 ؼ DZħ. [+] crestfallen, dejected, dispirited" disheveled,"a. untidy Your disheveled appearance will hurt your chances in this interview. ġ ȸ߿ ȸ µ ̴. [+] messy, slovenly, unfastidious, unkempt" disinclination,"n. unwillingness Ű Some mornings Ifeel a great disinclination to get out of bed.  ħ ħ뿡 Ⱑ ȴ. [+] aversion, distaste, indisposition" disingenuous,"a. dis(=not) + in(=in) + gen(=birth) insincere ; not straightforward / not naive; sophisticated Ҽ ; / What disappointed me waas not so much your failure to complete the job but your disingenuous efforts to avoid all responsibility for the failure. ; Although he was young, his remarks indicated that he was disingenuous. ǸŲ ϼ ߴٴ ̶ ٴ ׷ ѵ å ȸϷ Ҽ Դϴ. ; ״ µ ŭ δ. [+] feigned, insincere, uncandid, unfrank" disinter,"v. digup; unearth ij They disinterred the body and held an autopsy. ׵ ü ij غθ ߴ. [+] exhume; [-] bury()" disjointed,"a. disconnected Ż, ü His remarks were so disjointed that we could not follow his reasoning. ʹ 길ؼ ߷ . [+] discontinuous, disordered, incoherent, incohesive, unorganized" dismantle,"v. take apart üϴ, ϴ When the show closed, they dismantled the scenery before storing it. ϱ Ʈ üߴ. [+] disassemble, dismember, dismount" dismember,"v. cut into small parts üϴ When the Austrian Emprie was dismembered, several new countries were established. Ʈ п Ǿ Ż Ǿ. [+] disassemble, dismantle, dismount" dismiss,"v. putaway from consideration; reject ذϴ; ػŰ; Ⱒϴ Believing in John's love for her, she dismissed the notion that he might be unfaithful. (secondary meaning) ׳ ׳࿡ Ͼ װ Ҽϴٴ ĥ ־. [+] disband, discharge, liberate" disparity,"n. dis(=not) + par(=equal) inequality ; difference / condition of inequality ε ; , / ұ I never cease to wonder at the disparity between what men aspire to do and what they are equipped to do by natural endowment and training. ; The disparity in their ages made no difference at all. ϱ⸦ ϴ ϰ õ ɷ̳ Ʒÿ ؼ ׵ ִ ̿ . ; ׵ ̴ ʴ´. [+] dissimilarity, dissimilitude, distinction" dispel,"v. dis(=away) + pel(=drive) drive away ; scatter / cause to vanish Ѿƹ ; ߸,лŰ / ϴ; His strong,optimistic personality helped to dispel the feeling of gloom that had taken hold of us. ; The bright snulight eventually dispelled the morning mist. ϰ õ 츮 Ҵ ﰨ Ѿƹµ Ǿ. ; ޺ ᱹ ħ Ȱ . [+] disperse, dissipate" dispersion,"n. scattering л The police fired tear gas into the crowd to disperse the protesters. ϴ Ϸ ַ ߻ߴ. [+] dispel, dissipate" dispirited,"a. lacking in spirit Ⱑ The coach used all the tricks at his command to buoy up the enthusiasm of his team, which had become dispirited at the loss of the star player. ġ Ÿ Ǯ ڱ ⸦ ̱ װ ִ ߴ. [+] dejected, depressed, disconsolate, downcast, melancholy" disport,"v. amuse ̰ ϴ The popularity of Florida as a winter resort is constantly increasing; each year, thousands more disport themselves at Miami and Palm beach. ÷θ ִ ܿ ޾μ αⰡ ذ ִ.ų õ ֹ̾ غ . [+] entertain, titillate" disputatious,"a. argumentative; fond of argument ; ϴ People avoided discussing contemporary problems with him because of his disputatious manner. µ ׿ 鿡 ϱ⸦ ȴ. [+] contentious, controversial, polemical" disquisition,"n. dis(=apart) + quisit(=ask) long, elaborate speech or piece of writing, treatise, discourse / a formal systematic inquiry , / üִ , Ž; I remember vividly those hours sitting before the fire and listening to her fascinating disquisitions on almost any subject under the sun. ; In his disquisition, he outlined the steps he had taken in reaching his conclusions. Ժ տ ɾƼ о߿ ׳ Ȥ ð Ѵ. ; ״ ߷ϴ ܰ 並 ۼߴ. [+] dissertation, thesis, treatise" dissection,"n. analysis; cutting apart in order to examine м; з; غ The dissection of frogs in the laboratory is particularly unpleasant to some students. ǿ غδ лԴ Ư . [+] breakdown, examination, inspection, scrutiny" dissertation,"n. formal essay ݽ ; In order to earn a graduate degree from many of our universities, a candidate is frequently required to prepare a dissertation on some scholarly subject. п ٵ ؼ ڵ  м Ǿ ִ. [+] disquisition, thesis, treatise" dissimulate,"v. dis(=not) + simul(=same) hide one's feelings, intentions, etc. by pretense ; pretend / conceal by feigning <<,ǻ >> ; ġ / - ü ϴ; ؼ Even though you are trying to dissimulate your motive in joining this group, we can see through your pretense. ; She tried to dissimulate her grief by her exuberant attitude. ӿ Ϸ ⸦ 츮 վ ֽϴ. ; ׳ ⿡ µ ν ڽ ߴ. [+] camouflage, disguise, dissemble" dissolute,"a. loose in morals The profligacy and dissolution of life in Caligula's Rome appall some historians. Į θ Ȱ Ÿ 簡 ϰ Ѵ. [+] rupture" dissonance,"n. discord ȭ Some contemporary musician deliberately use dissonance to achieve certain effects. ǰ  ȿ ŵα ؼ ǵ ȭ Ѵ. [+] conflict, discord, disharmony, dissension; [-] concord(ġ)" dissuasion,"n. advice against - ϰ 4. 5. [+] (opp.) persuasion" distaff,"a. female His ancestors on the distaff side were equally as famous as his father's progenitors. 鵵 ΰ ŭ̳ ߴ. [+] effeminate, feminine" distant,"a. reserved or aloof; cold in manner ҿ, (µ)ҽ His distant greeting made me feel unwelcome from the start. (secondary meaning) ҽ λ簡 ߺ ް ʴٴ ߴ. [+] unsociable" distill,"v. purify; refine; concentrate ϴ, ϴ A moonshiner distills mash into whiskey; an epigrammatist distills thoughts into quips. ־ڴ ⸧ Ű dzڰ 汸 Ѵ." distortion,"n. dis(=intensive) + tort(=twist) twisting put of the truth ; giving a false account of ; twisting out of the usual shape / twisting out of shape , ְ ; ; ׸, Ʋ It is difficult to believe the newspaper accounts of this event because of the distortions and exaggerations written by the reporters. ; It is difficult to believe the newspaper accounts of this event because of the distortions and exaggerations written by the reporters. ڵ ְ 嶧 ǿ Ź縦 ϱⰡ ƴ. ; ڵ鿡 ְ ǿ Ź ϱⰡ ƴ. [+] deformity, malconformation, malformation" distrait,"a. absentminded , ̳ Because of his concentration on the problem, the professor often appeared distrait and unconcerned about routine. ȷ ٸ ϻ Ϳ ߴ. [+] abstracted, distraught" distraught,"a. upset; distracted by anxiety ģ; , The distraught parents frantically searched the ravine for their lost child. θ Ҿ ̵ ã ģ ¥⸦ ̴. [+] distrait, perturbed" diva,"n. operatic singer; prima donna ; ֿ Although world famous as a diva, she did not indulge in fit of temperament. ׳ ʾҴ." diverge,"v. verg(=lean) get farther apart from a point or from each other as they progress ; turn off ; deviate / vary; go in different directions from the same point , бϴ ;  ; / ٸ The spoken of the wheel diverge from the hub. ; The spokes of the wheel diverge from the hub. 뿡 ´ . ; 뿡 ִ. [+] deviate, digress, swerve; [-] come together(Բ ̴)" divergent,"a. di < dis(=apart) + verg(=turn) get farther apart from a point,or from each other as they progress / disffering; deviating ,,ǰ ,бϴ / ٸ; , Żϴ In a democracy, we expect people to have divergent views and to express them openly. ; The two witnesses presented the jury with remarkably divergent accounts of the same episode. ȸ پ ص ̵ ǥϵ ȴ. ; ڴ ̾߱⸦ ſ ٸ ɿ ߴ. [+] disparate, dissimilar" divers,"a. several; differing ; ٸ We could hear divers opinions of his ability. 츮 ɷ¿ ؼ ظ ־. [+] sundry, various" diverse,"a. differing in some characteristics; various ; پ / ٸ; There are diverse ways of approaching this problem. ϴ پϴ. [+] disparate" diversion,"n. act of turning aside; pastime ȯ, After studying for several hours, he needed a diversion from work. ð Ŀ ״ ȯ ʿߴ. [+] amusrment, entertainment" diversity,"n. di(=apart) + vers(=turn) remarkable difference ; variety / dissimilitude ; ȭ,پ缺 / / ; She is never bored,because she has great diversity of interests,ranging from folk dancing to mathematics. ; The diversity of colleges in this country indicates that many levels of ability are being cared for. ׳ μ㿡 п ̸ ſ پ ̸ ־ ʾҴ. ; е پ缺 ɷ ǰ ش. [+] multifariousness, multiformity, multiplicity" divest,"v. strip; deprive ; Żϴ He was divested of his power to act and could no longer govern. ״ Ƿ Żؼ ̻ ġ . [+] denude, bereave; [-] persist(ϴ, ϴ)" divination,"n. foreseeing the future with aid of magic , , ̷ , () I base my opinions not on any special gift of divination but on the laws of probability. ش  Ư ɿ Ե ƴ϶ ɼ Ģ ٰŸ ̴. [+] augury, prediction, prophecy" docket,"n. program as for trial; book where such entries are made Ҽۻ ϶ǥ; The case of Smith vs. Jones was entered in the docket for July 15. ̽ 7 15 ̰ Ҽ ϶ǥ ϵǾ. [+] agenda, timetable" doddering,"a. shaky; infirm from old age 鸮; ľ Although he is not as yet a doddering and senile old man, his ideas and opinions no longer can merit the respect we gave them years ago. װ ƴ ص ޾Ҵ ǰ̳ ̻ ׷ ʴ." doff,"v. take off A gentleman used to doff his hat to a lady. Ż տ ڸ . [+] remove; [-] don()" doggerel,"n. poor verse Although we find occasional snatches of genuine poetry in her work, most of her writing is mere doggerel. 츮 ׳ ǰ ã ǻ ׳ κ ͸ ÿ." dolorous,"a. sorrowful ; ο He found the dolorous lamentations of the bereaved family emotionally disturbing and he left as quickly as he could. ״ ź ڽ ȥ Ѵٴ ˰ ǵ װ . [+] doleful, lamentable, lugubrious, melancholy, mournful, plaintive" domicile,"n. home ; ּ Although his legal domicile was in New York City, his work kept him away from his residence for many years. ּ ÿ ־ Ⱓ () ־. [+] abode" domineer,"v. rule over tyrennically ? Students prefer teachers who guide, not ones who domineer. л ƴ϶ ̲ ִ Ѵ. [+] dominate, predominate, preponderate, reign" dorsal,"a. relating to the back of an animal (ü) ;  A shark may be identified by its dorsal fin, which projects above the surface of the ocean. ?ٴ ̷ Ȯ ִ." doughty,"a. courageous 밨 Many folk tales have sprung up a bout this doughty pioneer who opened up the New World for his followers. ڿ ż踦 밨 ôڵ鿡 ̾߱ ö. [+] courageous, dauntless, intrepid" douse,"v. plunge into water; drench; extinguish , ϴ; . They doused each other with hoses and water balloons. ׵ ȣ dz θ ߴ. [+] immerse, submerge" dowdy,"a. slovenly; untidy ġ She tried to change her dowdy image by buying a new fashionable wardrobe. ׳ Ӱ ϴ ǻ ν ڱ ġ ̹ ٲ㺸 ֽ. [+] unkempt" dregs,"n. sediment; worthless residue ħ;  The dregs of society may be observed in this slum area of the city. ȸ ⸦ ΰ ã ִ. [+] deposit, precipitate, sediment" drone,"n. idle person; male bee / talk dully; buzz or mumur like a bee / Ӱ ̾߱ϴ; Ÿ Content to iet his wife support him, the would-be writer was in reality nothing but a drone. ; On a gorgeous day, who wants to be stuck in a classroom listening to the teacher drone. Ƴ ڱ⸦ ξϴµ ϴ Ī ۰ ̿ Ұߴ. ; ̷ Ͻô ⳪ ǿ ¦ ϰ ֱ⸦ ұ. [+] sluggard" drudgery,"n. hard, unpleasant, uninteresting work / menial work / It was drudgery washing dishes in the hot kitchen. ; Cinderella's fairy godmother rescued her from a life of drudgery. ξ ø ۴ ̾. ; ŵ ŵ 뵿 ־." ductility,"n. malleability; flexibility; ability to be drawn out , Copper wire has many industrial uses because of its extreme ductility. پ 뵵 δ. [+] softness" duenna,"n. attendant of young female; chaperone ҳన, ֿڰ; ȣ Their romance could not flourish because of the presence of her duenna. ׵ θǽ ׳ Ŀ ." dulcet,"a. sweet sounding Ҹ ̷ο The dulcet sounds of the birds at dawn were soon drowned out by the roar of traffic passing our motel. Ʋ ʹ ̷ο Ҹ 츮 鸮 ʰ Ǿ." durance,"n. restraint; imprisonment ݰ; , The lecturer spoke of a ""durance vile"" to describe his years in the prison camp. μҿ Ⱓ Ȱ ̾߱ϱ ؼ ""δ "" ؼ ߴ." dutiful,"a. respectful; obedient , ǹٸ / The dutiful chid grew up to be a conscientious adult, aware of his civic obligations. ٸ ̴ ù ǹ ƴ ڶ. [+] acquiescent, amenable, compliant, submissive" dwindle,"v. become less or smaller by degrees / shrink; reduce <>Ǵ / پ, ϴ; ۾ As days passed with no signs of life from the men trapped in the mine, hopes for their rescue dwindled and vanished. ; They spent so much money that their funds dwindled to nothing. ִٴ ĥ ׵ ϰڴٴ . ; ׵ ʹ Ǭ پ. [+] diminish, wane; [-] increase(ϴ)" dynamic,"a. having enegy, force of character ; powerful ; of physical power and forces producing motion / active; efficient <> , ; ; / Ȱ; ȿ The turn of this century met a dynamic period in history. ; A dynamic government is necessary to meet the demands of a changing society. ݼʴ ݵ . ; ȭϴ ȸ 屸 ϱ ִ ΰ ʿϴ. [+] energetic, intense, vehement, vigorous" dyspeptic,"a. suffering from indigestion ȭҷ All the talk about rich food made him feel dyspeptic. ⸧ Ŀ ȭ ׿ ȭҷ ߴ." earthy,"a. unrefined; coarse õ ; ģ His earthy remarks often embarrassed the women in his audience. ߾ û Ȳ ߴ. [+] crude, gross, uncouth" eccentricity,"n. oddity; idiosyncrasy ; / ٸ; Some of his friends tried to account for his rudeness to strangers as the eccentricity of genius. ״ ģ õ ν Ϸ ߴ. [+] peculiarity, singularity" ecclesiastic,"a. pertaining to the church ȸ The minister donned his ecclesiastic garb and walked to the pulpit. ϰ ɾ. [+] clerical, sacerdotal" eclat,"n. brilliance; glory ; ä; To the delight of his audience, he completed his task with eclat and consummate ease. ûߵ ⻵ϰԵ ״ 뼺 ´. [+] renown, reputation, repute" eclecticism,"n. selection of elements from various sets of opinions or systems His style of interior decoration was eclectic: bits and pieces of furnishings from widely divergent periods, strikingly juxtaposed to create a unique decor. dz Ÿ ٸ پ ͵ ϴ ̾. پ ñ ϳ ϴ ̴. [+] elective" eclipse,"n.v. ec < ex(=out) + lip(=leave) entire or partial obscuring of the light of the sun, moon, etc. by some other heavenly body ; loss of brilliance, power, reputation, etc / cut off the light from ; outshine / darken; extinguish; surpass <, > ; <, > / ; ϰϴ, ɰϴ / Ӱ ϴ; ϴ, We learned that an eclipse of the sun may occur in a limited area on the earth when moon passes between the earth and the sun. ; The new stock market high eclipsed the previous record set in 1985. ¾ ̸ Ͼ ִٴ . ; ο ֽ ְ ְ 1985⿡ ߴ. [+] adumbrate, dim, murk, obscure, shadow" ecologist,"n. a person concerned with the interrelationship between living organisms and their environment The ecologist was concerned that the new dam would wpset the natural balance of the creatures libing in Glen Canyon. ڴ ο ۷ ijͿ ڿ ߸ Ϳ Ѵ." ecstasy,"n. rapture; joy; any overpowering emotion ȲȦ; ; ij / ư; The announcement that the war had ended brought on an ecstasy of joy that resulted in many uncontrolled celebrations. ٴ ǥ ϸ ϴ ȲȦ ־. [+] rhapsody" educe,"v. draw forth; elicit ;  She could not educe a principle that would encompass all the data. ׳ ڷḦ ִ ϳ ̲ . [+] evince, evoke, extract" effeminate,"a. having womanly traits ; ڰ, His voice was high-pitched and effeminate. Ҹ μ . [+] female, feminine" effervesce,"v. bubble over; show excitement ϴ Some of us cannot stand the way she effervesces over trifles. 츮 ׳డ Ͽ ϴ . [+] ferment" effervescence,"n. inner excitement; exuberance Nothing depressed her for long; her natural effervescence soon reasserted itself.  ͵ ׳ฦ DZħϰ ߴ. ׳ Ÿ ٽ ǻƳ ̴. [+] ebullience, exuberance" effete,"a. ef < ex(=out) + fet(=productive) exhausted ; weak and worn out ; unable to produce / barren ģ ; , ; ̴ / ; ģ; Ȳ They may have inherited wealth and social status, but their tradition of outstanding public service shows that they are far from effete . ; The literature of the age reflected the effete condition of the writers; no new ideas were forthcoming. ׵ ο ȸ ޾ 𸣳 ׵ پ ȸ 뿡 ׵ ʴٴ ְ ִ. ; ô п ۰ ݿǾ  ο ̵鵵 Ÿ ʾҴ. [+] depleted; impotent, infecund, infertile, sterile" efflorescent,"a. flowering Ǵ Greenhouse gardeners are concerned with the coinciding of the plants' efflorescent period with certain holidays. Ĺ ǿ ñ Ư ϵ ġϴµ . [+] blooming" effluvium,"n. noxious smell Air pollution has become a serious problem in our major cities; the effluvium and the poisons in the air are hazards to life ߿ ÿ ɰ ǰ ִ. ⳻ ִ ͵̴." effrontery,"n. ef < ex(=out) + front(=forehead) impudence ; shameless boldness ??; ö For her to accuse me being selfish after I have sacrificed so much to further her career is sheer effrontery . ; She had the effrontery to insult the guest. ׳ฦ ⼼Ű ׷ ϰ Ŀ ׳డ ̶̱ ϴ ö ൿ̴. ; ׳࿡Դ մ ϴ ־. [+] brazenness, impertience, impudence, insolence, presumption; [-] deference(, ); [-] timidity(); [-] decorum(, ǹٸ)" effulgent,"a. brilliantly radiant The effulgent rays of the rising sun lit the sky. ڴ ¾ ν ϴ ." egotism,"n. conceit; vanity ڸ; 㿵; ̱, ڱ⺻ She thought so much of herself that we found her egotism unwarranted and irritating. ׳ ڱ ڽ ʹ ϰ ϱ 츮 ڸ ȭ ϰ ¥ ˾Ҵ. [+] conceit, egoism, vainglory" egress,"n. exit ⱸ Barnum's sing ""To the Egress"" fooled many people who thought they were going to see an animal and instead found themselves in the street. ٴ 'ⱸ' ٺ µ ׵ ó  ٰ ߴٰ ߿ Ŀ ڽŵ Ÿ ְ ̴. [+] departure, exodus; [-] entrance(Ա)" ejaculation,"n. exclamation He could not repress an ejaculation of surprise when he heard the news. ״ Ҹġ ." elated,"a. e < ex(=out, up) + lat(=carry) in high spirits ; proud / overjoyed; DZ ; / Ǹ Taking third place in the hundred-meter dash in the intramuraltrack meet left me somewhat satisfied but scarcely elated . ; Grinning from ear to ear, Janet Evans was clearly elated ty her Olympic victory. ȸ 100 ܰŸ ֿ 3 ؼ ϱ ʾҴ. ; ͱ ڳ ݽ ׳ ø ¿ Ǹߴ. [+] exhilarated" elegiacal,"a. like an elegy; mournful ְ; On the death of Edward King, Milton composed the elegy ""Lycidas."" ְ ""Lycidas"" ۰ߴ. [+] dirge, requiem, threnody" elixir,"n. cure-all; something invigorating ġ The news of her chance to go abroad on her like an elixir. ؿܷ ִ ο ȸ ׳࿡ ġó ۿߴ. [+] cure-all, nostrum, panacea" elliptial,"a. oval; ambiguous, either purposely or becaouse key words have been left out Ÿ; () An elliptical billiard ball wobbles fecause it is not perfectly round; an elliptical remark baffles because it is not perfectly clear. Ÿ 籸 ձ ʾƼ Ÿ ǥ Ȯ ʾƼ 갥 Ѵ." eloquence,"n. expressiveness; persuasive speech; pursuasive graceful language , / (); ɺ The crowds were stirred by Martin Luther King's eloquence.; The actor's eloquence moved his audience to tears. ûߵ ƾ ŷ ڱع޾Ҵ. [+] elocution, oratory" elucidate,"v. e < ex(=out) + luc(=light) explain ; make clear ; throw light on a problem, or difficulty / enlighten; to make understandable ϴ ; ; <, > ϴ / ϰ ϴ I am waiting for you to elucidate those strage remarks about the background of my family tree! ; He was called upon to elucidate the disputed points in his article.; Professor Rhode's explanation served to obscure rather than to elucidate the theory. 츮 濡 ̻ ؼ и ֱ⸦ ٸ ִ Դϴ. ; ״ ڱ 翡 ִ κп ϵ ȯǾ. [+] clarify, illuminate, illustrate" elusory,"a. tending to deceive expectations; elusive 븦 ; ľϱ , ȸϴ He argued that the project was an elusory one and would bring disappointment to all. ״ ȹ ̶ 鿡 Ǹ ̶ ߴ. [+] intangible, elusive, evasive" elysian,"a. realatin to paradise; blissful ſ, ູ An afternoon sail on the bay was for her an elysian journey. ش ׳࿡ ſ ̾. [+] beatific" emaciated,"a. thin and wasted ; His long period of starvation had left him emaciated. ״ Ⱓ ָ . [+] cadaverous" embark,"v. commence; go on board a boat; begin a joumey ϴ, ϴ, ¼ϴ In devoting herself to the study of gorillas, Dian Fossey embarked on a course of action that was to cost her her life. ڽ ħ ־ ׳ ڱ ָ ġ Ϸ ϰ ȴ. [+] engage; board, sail" embezzlement,"n. stealing The bank teller confessed his embezzlement of the funds. ⳳ Ⱦ ߴ. [+] defalcation" emblazon,"v. deck in brilliant colors ȭϰ ٹ̴ Emblazoned on his shield was his family coat of arms. ȭ ׷ ִ." emend,"v. e < ex(=out) + mend(=fault) take errors from / correct; correct by a critic <<>> ϴ, ϴ Could anything be more absurd than the attempts of Thomas Bowdler to emend the text Shakespeare's play in order to ""clean them up!"" ; The critic emended the book by selecting the passages which he thought most appropriate to the text. Thomas Bowdler Shakespeare """"ϴ Ϸ õ ո ? ; 򰡴 ϴٰ ؼ å ߴ. [+] amend, mend, rectify" emendation,"n. correction of errors; improvement ; Please initial all the emendations you have made in this contract. ༭ ģ ڸ ̸ ù ڵ Ͻÿ. [+] amelioration, amendation" emeritus,"a. retired but retained in an honorary capacity As professor emeritus, he retained all his honors without having to meet the obligations of daily assignments. ϰ å μ ״ ߴ." emetic,"n. substance causing vomiting The use of an emetic like mustard is useful in cases of poisoning. ڿ 濡 ϴ." eminent,"a. e < ex(=out) + min(=project, hang) distinguished ; outstanding ; remarkable / high; lofty ; پ ; , ε巯 / ; / Ź I am very much flattered that you had referred to me as "" eminent educator,"" but I prefer to think of myself as just a good teacher. ; After his appointment to this eminent position, he seldom had time for his former friends. "" "" Īϴ ſ ڱ ڽ Ǹ ϱ⸦ մϴ. ; ̷ Ӹ Ŀ ״ ģ ð . [+] distinguished, notable, prominent" emollient,"n. soothing or softening remedy ȭ; ȭ He applied an emollient to the inflamed area. ״ ȭ ߶." emolument,"n. e < ex(=out) + mol(=grind, grain) profit from official employment ; salary / compensation << >>̵ ; , , , ޷ / The fact that they reffered to my salary as an emolument did not disguise the fact that I was being woefully underpaid. ; In addition to the emolument this position offers, you must consider the social prestige it carries with it. ׵ ޷Ḧ Īߴٴ ſ ں̶ ߴ. ; å ް å οϴ ȸ Ưǵ ؾ Ѵ. [+] stipend" empyreal,"a. celestial; fiery õ; ȭ ̷ The scientific advances of the twentieth century have enabled man to invade the empyreal realm of the eagle. 20 ΰ Ͽ õ ħ ϰ ߴ." enamored,"a. in love ; Ȥ Narcissus became enamored of his own beauty. ý ڽ ٿ ߴ." enclave,"n. en(=in) + clav(=key) territory wholly within the boundaries of another country / territory enclosed within an alien land <<Ÿ ѷ>> , / Ÿ 信 ѷ The stubborn old-timers who refused to sell their homes came to form an enclave of ""natives"" surrounded by ""city people"". ; The Vatican is an independent enclave in Italy. ȱ⸦ źߴ ϰ Ļ """" ѷ ""ֹ"" ϰ Ǿ. ; Ƽĭ Żƿ ѷ ." encomiastic,"a. praising; eulogistic ϴ; ϴ Some critics believe that his encomiastic statements about Napoleon were inspired by his desire for material advancement rather than by an honest belief in the Emperor's genius. 򰡵 ˿ Ȳ õ缺 ǵ ̶ ٴ α͸ ٰ̾ Ѵ. [+] laudetive, laudatory, panegyrical" encomium,"n. en(=in) + com(=revel, hair, sleep) very high praise / eulogy ,Ī Her speech was so filled with encomiums that we found it hard to realize that the subject of all these superlatives was plain old Pete Miller. ; He was sickened by the encomiums and panegyrics expressed by speakers who had previously been among the first to vilify the man they were now honoring. ׳ ʹ ־ ֻ Ī ޴ ι Pete Millerٴ ϱⰡ . ; ״ ް ִ ߴ Ī Ϳ ܿ . [+] compliment, panegyric, salutation" encompass,"v. en(=make) + com < con(=together) + pas (=stride, step) encircle ; surround entirely ; envelop ; include ѷδ ; ϴ ; δ ; ϴ The science program in our school encompasses biology,chemistry,phisics,earth science,and a special course on the environment. ; Although we were encompassed by enemy forces, we were cheerful for we were well stocked and could withstand a siege until our allies joined us. 츮 б α׷ , ȭ, , ׸ ȯ濡 Ư Ѵ . ; 츮 Ǿ ͱ 츮 ռ ķ ؼ ߵ . [+] beset, compass, encircle, environ" encroachment,"n. gradual intrusion The encroachment of the factories upon the neighborhood lowered the value of the real estate. ν ε . [+] corrosion, erosion" endearment,"n. fond statement ǥ Your gifts and endearments cannot make me forget your earlier insolence. ǥø Ͽ . [+] caress" endive,"n. species of leafy plant used in salads ɻġ (忡 Ǵ ä) The salad contained endive in addition to the ingredients she usually used. ??׳డ ϴ ܿ ɻġ ." endorse,"v. approve; support ϴ; ϴ; ̼ϴ, ϴ Everyone waited to see which on of the rival candidates for the city council the mayor would endorse,(secondary meaning) ȸ ĺ  ϴ ٷȴ. [+] accredit, approve, certify, sanction; advocate, espouse; [-] oppose publicly( ݴϴ)" endue,"v. provide with some quality; endow (ɷ,õ ) οϴ He was endued with a lion's courage. ״ Ÿ . [+] bestow, confer" energize,"v. invigorate; make forceful and active  ϴ; Ȱ ϴ We shall have to energize our activities by getting new members to carry on. Բ ο ȸ ޾Ƶν 츮 Ȱ Ȱ⸦ ֵ ؾ ̴. [+] activate, vitalize" engross,"v. en(=make) + gros (=thick, large) take up all the time or attention of ; write a legal document in large letters or in formal legal style / occupy fully [ ]ð,Ǹ Ѵ,ϰϴ ; ūڷ ϴ / ϴ The study of irregular verbs may not be too engrossing but you'll have to master them if you want to learn French. ; John was so engrossed in his studies that he did not hear his mother call. ұĢ ȭ δ ϰ  ⸦ Ѵٸ ⿡ ؾ ̴. ; ο ʹ Ͽ Ӵϰ θ Ҹ ߴ. [+] engage, immerse" enhance,"v. advance; improve; to make greater, better ϴ; Ű / ̴; ϴ Your chances for promotion in this department will be enhanced if you take some more courses in evening school.; Her beatiful clothes enhance her appearance. ߰ б ̼Ѵٸ ο ִ ȸ ̴. [+] augment, intensify, magnify" enigmatic,"a. obscure; puzzling Ұ; Many have sought to fathom the enigmatic smile of the ""Mona Lisa."" 𳪸 Ұ ̼Ҹ Ƹ ߴ. [+] abstruse, cryptic, inscrutable, mysterious, obscure, occult" enjoin,"v. en(=intensive) + join(=join, bind) give an order for ; urge or impose with authority ; prohibit / command; forbid ϴ ; ϴ, ϴ ; ϴ / ϴ; ϴ He is a conscientious objector to military service because he is enjoined by a deep religious conviction not to take a human life. ; The owners of the company asked the court to enjoin the union from picketing the plant. ״ Ȯ ΰ ϱ ݴϴ ̴. ; ȸ 濵ֵ ġ ûϿ. [+] decree, dictate, impose, prescribe; ban, inhibit, interdict, prohibit, taboo" enrapture,"v. please intensely ȲȦϰ ϴ The audience was enraptured by the freshness of the voices and the excellent orchestration. ûߵ ż Ҹ پ ǰ ŷǾ. [+] captivate, delight, entrance" ensconce,"v. settle comfortably ġϴ The parents thought that their children were ensconced safely in the private school and decided to leave for Europe. θ ڽĵ 縳б ϰ ߴٰ ߴ." enthrall,"v. capture; enslave Ȥϴ; 뿹 From the moment he saw her picture, he was enthralled by her beauty. ׳ ׸ ״ ׳ Ƹٿ . [+] enslave, fascinate, mesmerize" entice,"v. lure; attract; tempt; to attract to rure Ȥϴ, Ҵ She always tried to entice her baby brother into mischief.; The smell of breakfast cooking enticed him to get up. ׳  ׻ 峭 Ҿ ̷ ߴ. [+] allure, bait, decoy, entrap, inveigle, seduce" entomology,"n. study of insects I found entomology the least interesting part of my course in biology; studying insects bored me. ߿ ̾ٴ ˾Ҵ. ϴµ ." entrance,"v. put under a spell; carry away with emotion Ұ ϴ. ŷŰ; Ա Shafts of sunlight on a wall could entrance her and leave her spellbound. ģ ޻ ׳ฦ Ҵ. ׸ Ұ ߴ. [+] captivate, enrapture" entree,"n. entrance Ա; ֿ丮 Shafts of sunlight on a wall could entrance her and leave her spellbound. ģ ޻ ׳ฦ Ҵ. ׸ Ұ ߴ. [+] captivate, enrapture" enunciate,"v. speak distinctly ϴ, ϴ How will people understand you if you do not enunciate? иϰ ʴ´ٸ  ϰڴ°? [+] articulate, pronounce, vocailze" environ,"v. enclose; surround ϴ; ѷδ In medieval! days, Paris was environed by a wall. ߼ ĸô ѷο ־. [+] beset, compass, encircle, encompass" eon,"n. long period of time; an age ð, ô It has taken eon for our civilization to develp. 츮 ߴϴµ ð ɷȴ. [+] aeon, epoch" epaulet,"n. ornament worn on the shoulder (of a uniform, etc.) () the shoulder loops on Sam Spade's trenchcoat are the non-military counterparts of the fringed epaulets on George Washington's uniform. ̴ ƮġƮ ޸ ޸ 񱺿 ȴ." epic,"n. long heroic poem, novel, or similar work of art ; Kurosawa's film ""Seven Samurai"" is an epic portraying the struggle of seven warriors to destroy a band of robbers. ڿ ȭ ""ϰ "" ϰ ϱ ġ ο ô." epicurean,"n. person who devotes himself to pleasure of the senses, especially to f ; ̽İ This restaurant is famous for its menu, which can cater to the most exotic whim of the epicurean. Ĵ ̽İ ȣ ִ ޴ ϴ. [+] hedonist; epicure, gastronomist, gourmand, gourmet" episodic,"a. loosely connected ?? Though he tried to follow the plot of ""Gravity's Rainbow,"" John found the novel too episodic. ""Gravity's Rainbow"" ٰŸ Ҽ ʹ ϴٴ ˾ ȴ." epistemologist,"n. philosopher who studies the nature of knowledge νķ ""What is more important, a knowledge of nature or the nature of knowledge?"" the epistemologist asked the naturalist. ""ڿ İ ߿ ߿Ѱ?"" ϰ νķڴ ڿڿ ." epitaph,"n. taph(=tomb) an inscription on a gravestone / inscription in memory of a dead person , The professor wrote his own epitaph before he died. ; In his will, he dictated the epitaph he wanted placed on his tombstone. ױ ڱ . ; ״ ڽ ϴ 񼮿 ⵵ ߴ." epithet,"n. thet(=to place) an expression! which give a good description, eg. Sophocles, the wise one / descriptive word or phrase , / Ÿ Homer's writing are replete with such epithets as ""rosy-fin-gered dawn"". ; Homer's writings were featured by the use of such epithets as ""rosyfingered dawn."" Homer ۿ ""rosy-fingered dawn""  ִ. ; ȣ 'ȫ հ ' ͵ ϴ Ư¡̴." equable,"a. tranquil; steady; uniform ; ȭ; յ After the hot summers and cold winters of New England, he found the climate of the West Indies equable and pleasant. ױ۷ ߿ ܿ ޾ Ŀ ״ ε İ ˾Ҵ. [+] constant, stable, steady unfluctuating, uniform" equilibrium,"n. balance (), / ; ; After the divorce, he needed some time to regain his equilibrium. ȥ Ŀ ״ ٽ ã 󸶰 ð ʿߴ. [+] equipoise, poise, stasis" equine,"a. resembling a horse , His long, bony face had an equine look to it. ӻ ó δ." equinox,"n. period of equal days and nights; the beginning of Spring and Autumn ־ н; а ߺ The vernal equinox is usually marked by heavy rainstorms. 찡 Ư¡̴." equipage,"n. horse-drawn carriage The equipage drew up before the inn. տ ٴٶ." equipoise,"n. balance; balancing force; equilivrium ; The high wire acrobat used his pole as an equipoise to overcome the swaying caused by the wind. Ÿ  ٶ 鸲 ϱ 븦 Ѵ. [+] poise, stasis" equity,"n. fairness; justice ; ; Our courts guarantee equity to all. 츮 ̿ Ѵ. [+] equitabilit, impartiality; [-] unfairness(Ұ)" equivocate,"v. equ(=equal, same) + i(=s.e.) + voc(=call, voice) + ate(=make) use vague expression!s / lie; mislead; attempt to conceal the truth , ȣ / ̴; ϴ Although she tried to equivocate , we insisted on a simple ""yes"" or ""no"" answer. ; The audience saw through his attempts to equivocate on the subject under discussion and ridiculed his remarks. ׳డ 츮 ߴ. ; ûߵ װ Ϸ Ѵٴ ˰ ߾鿡 Ҹ ´. [+] prevaricate; elude, eschew, evade, tergiversate" erode,"v. e < ex(=out, off) + rod(=gnaw) wear away ; eat into / eat away <> νϴ, <> ħϴ ; ĸԴ No doubt he has the best interests of the nation at hearts, but my faith in him has been eroded by repeated evidence of his poor judgment. ; The limestone was eroded by the dripping water. װ ִ ӿ Ǵܷ ϴٴ ݺǴ Ŷ ׿ ȭǾ . ; 븮 ħĵǾ . [+] corrode" erotic,"a. pertaining to passionate love The erotic passages in this novel should be removed as they are merely pornographic. Ҽ ȣ κе װ͵ ٸ ܼ ̱ Ǿ." errant,"a. wandering Ȳϴ Many a charming tale has been written about the knights-errant who helped the weak and punished the guilty during the Age of Chivalry. ߼ ô뿡 ڸ ڸ ڵ鿡 ִ ̾߱ Ǿ Դ. [+] drifting, itinerant, straying" erratic,"a. odd; unpredictable , Investors become anxious when the stock market appears erratic. ڴ ֽ ϰ ȴ. [+] devious, errant, stray" erroneous,"a. mistaken; wrong ߸, Ʋ I thought my answer was correct, but it was erroneous. ǾҴٰ ߴµ װ Ʋ ̾. [+] inaccurate, incorrect" erudition,"n. high degree of knowledge and learning ; ڽ Although they respected his erudition, the populace refused to listen to his words of caution and turned to less learned leaders. ڽ ʰ н ִ . [-] ignorance()" escapade,"n. prank; flighty conduct 峭; Ż The headmaster could not regard this latest escapade as a boyish joke and expelled the young man. ̷ ֱ Ż  峭  ûҳ(л) ״." eschew,"v. avoid ϴ He tried to eschew all display of temper. ״ ȭ⸦ Ϸ ֽ. [-] seek(ã)" escutcheon,"n. shield-shaped surface on which coat of arms is placed His traitorous acts placed a shameful blot on the family escutcheon. ݿ 鿡 âǸ Ҹ ƴ." espionage,"n. spying øȰ In order to maintain its power, the government developed a system of espionage which penetrated every household. δ Ƿ ħ  ִ ø ü ״. [+] reconnaissance" esprit de corps,"n. comradeship; spirit ü; West Point cadets are proud of their esprit de corps. ׵ ܰɿ ںν . [+] fellowship" esteem,"n.v. respect; value; judge; a favorable opinion ;respect ϴ, ϴ / (ϴ); ϴ I esteem Ezra Pound both for his exciting poetry and for his acute comments on literature.; We hold Senator Adams in great esteem he is one of the most respected members of congress. ״ Ŀ ڱ ÿ п īο ׸ Ѵ. [+] revere, venerate" estranged,"a. separated ҿ; ̰ The estranged wife sought a divorce. ҿ Ƴ ȥ Ϸ ߴ. [+] alienated" ethnic,"a. relating to races ; Intolerance between ethnic groups is deplorable and usually is based on lack of information. ٸ ݸ ź ̸ װ ü ο . [+] racial" ethnology,"n. study of man Sociology is one aspect of the science of ethnology. ȸ ̴." etymology,"n. study of derivation, structure and development of words A Knowledge of etymology can help you on many English tests. п 迡 ſ ̴." eugenic,"a. pertaining to the improvement of race It is easier to apply eugenic principles to the raising of race-houses or prize cattle than to the development of human beings. ΰ ߿ ٴ ǰ ҿ ֿ ⸣µ ̿ϴ ." eulogistic,"a. log(=speech) giving or containing high praise / praising , Īϴ / ϴ To everyone's surprise, the speech was eulogistic rather than critcal in tone. ; To everyone's surprise, the speech was eulogistic rather than critical in tone. ΰ Ե ־ ƴ϶ ϴ ̾. ; Ե 鿡 ̱⺸ٴ 翴. [+] complimentary, encomiastic, laudative, laudatory, panegyrical" euphonious,"a. phon(=sound) pleasing in sound / ҸⰡ ſ, We enjoyed her euphenious song. ; Italian and Spanish are euphonious languages and therefore easily sung. 츮 ׳డ θ Ǹ 뷡 . ; Żƾ ξ ̶ 뷡ϱⰡ ." euphony,"n. phon(=sound) a pleasant sound / sweet sound ȭ, / The psalm is enjoyed for its euphony as much as its content. ; Noted for its euphony even when it is spoken, the Italian language is particularly pleasing to the ear when sung. ۰ 뿡 ʰ . ; Żƾ ε 뷡 Ư ⿡ ." euphoria,"n. phor(=carry) sense of well-being ; elation / feeling of exaggerated (or unfounded) well-being ູ ; DZ He was full of euphoria after the birth. ; ""Jill's been on cloud nine ever since Jack asked her out, "" said Betty, dismissing her friend's euphoria. ״ ູ á. ; ģ ູ 鼭 Ƽ "" ʴ ٰ ູ ־!"" ϰ ߴ. [+] elation, exaltation" euthanasia,"n. thanas(=death) mercifully easy and painless death for persons suffering from an incurable and painful disease / mercy killing ȶ In the eyes of the law, anyone who commits euthanasia regardless of the circumstances,is a murderer. ; Many people support euthanasia for terminally-ill patients who wish to die. 忡 Ȳ ȶ縦 Ű ڴ. ; ױ⸦ ϴ ȯ ȶ縦 Ѵ." evasive,"a. not frank; eluding иġ , ,ָ; ȸϴ Your evasive answers convinced the judge that you were withholding important evidence. 亯 ǻ Ͽ ߿ Ÿ ִٴ Ȯ Ѵ. [+] elusive, equivocating, prevaricative, prevaricatory" eviscerate,"v. disembowel; remove entrails - âڸ ; âڸ ϴ The medicine man eviscerated the animal and offered the entrails to the angry gods. âڸ ϰ ſ ƴ." ewer,"n. water pitcher The primitive conditions of the period were symbolized by the porcelain ewer and basin in the bedroom. ô Ȳ ڱ ڿ ߿ ¡Ǿ." ex officio,"a. by virtue of one's office ǿ Ͽ The Mayor was ex officio chairman of the committee that decided the annual tax rate. ȸ ǻ ̾." exaction,"n. exorbitant demand; extortion û; The colonies rebelled against the exacting financial claims of the mother country. Ĺ Ȥ 䱸 ݹϿ. [+] burdensome, exigent, oppressive" exchequer,"n. treasury 繫 He had been Chancellor of the Exchequer before his promotion to the office he now holds. ״ ϱ 繫 ߴ. [+] chest" excision,"n. act of cutting away , With the excision of the dead and dying limbs of this tree, you have not only improved its appearance but you have enhanced its chances of bearing fruit. ׾ ְų ̹ ν ܰ ƴ϶ Ÿ ɼ Ѱ Ŀ." excoriate,"v. flay; abrade ; 񺭴 ; ϴ These shoes are so ill-fitting that they will excoriate the feet and create blisters. ũⰡ ʾ Ű Ǹ ̴. [+] chafe" exculpate,"v. clear from blame ˸  ϴ He was exculpated of the crime when the real criminal confessed. ״ ڹ߱ . [+] absolve, acquit, exonerate, vindicate; [-] attribute guilt(˸ )" execrable,"a. ex(=out) + ecr < secr < sacr(=holy) deserving hate ; abominable ; very bad ; ӻ콺 ; ؾǹ / ܿ In condemning their execrable conduct, let us not assume that we ourselves are completely free of blame. ; The anecdote was in execrable taste and shocked the audience. ; The anecdote was in execable taste and shocked the audience. ׵ ֽ ൿ ϸ鼭 츮 ڽ ߸ ٰ ô. ; ȭ ֽ ̾ ûߵ ޾Ҵ. ; ȭ ֽ ̾ ûߵ ޾Ҵ. [+] cursed, damnable, detestable, loathsome, repulsive, cursed, damnable, detestable, loathsome, repulsive" execrate,"v. curse; express abhorrence for ϴ; ϴ The world execrates the memory of Hitler and hopes that genocide will never again be the policy of nation. Ʋ ϰ ٽô л å Ǿ ȵ ٶ. [+] anathematize, censure, condemn, damn, denounce, objurgate, reprehend, reprobate, reprove" execute,"v. put into effect; carry out ϴ / ǽϴ; ޼ϴ; óϴ; ϼϴ; ϴ The choregrapher wanted to see how well she could execute a pirouette. ȹ ׳డ 󸶳 ߳⸦ ϴ ;ߴ. [+] achieve, completa, perforn" exegesis,"n. explanation, especially of Biblical passages (,) ּ, ؼ I can follow your exegesis of this passage to a limited degree; some of your reasoning eludes me. ˾Ƶ ִ. ׷ ߷  κ 𸣰ڴ. [+] construal, explication" exemplary,"a. ex(=out) + em < empt(=take) serving as an example or a warning / serving as a model; outstanding , Ⱑ Ǵ, ¡ / پ Although most of us cannnot hope to match her idealism, we may regard her noble life as inspiring and exemplary . ; Her exemplary behavior was praised at Commencement. 츮 κ ׳ ̻ǿ ϱ⸦ ٶ ׳ Ȱ ̰ ִ. ; Ŀ ׳ 縦 ޾Ҵ. [+] guiltless, inculpable, innocent, irreprehensible" exertion,"n. effort; expenditure of much physical work , ־ / The exertion invoved in unscrewing the rusty bolt left her exhausted. ׳ 콼 縦 Ǫ ġ Ҵ. [+] endeavor" exiguous,"a. small; minute ; ̼ Grass grew there, an exiguous outcropping among the rocks. Ǯ ִ ű⿡ ڶ ־. [+] meager, scant, scanty" exorcise,"v. drive out evil spirits Ƿ Ƴ By incantation and prayer, the medicine man sought to exorcise the evil spirits that had taken possession of the young warrior ֹ ⵵μ 縦 ϰ ִ Ƿɵ Ƴ Ͽ. [+] expel" exotic,"a. exo(=outside) + t(=s.e.) + ic(=nature of) introduced from another country ; foreign or unusual style ; striking or pleasing because colorful or unusual / not native; strange <<Ĺ,,,>>ܷ,ܱ ; ̱dz,̱ ; ٸ, Has it occured to you that the exotic foods that we eat only on special occasions are part of the everyday diet in other parts of the world? ; Because of his exotic headdress, he was followed in the streets by small children who laughed at his strange appearance. 츮 Ư 쿡 Դ ܱ ٸ ϻ Ļ Ϻκ̶ ֽϱ? ; Ӹ ̵ ̻ Ÿ ٳ. [+] alien, extrinsic" expatiate,"v. ex(=out) + pat(=walk) + i(=s.e.) + ate(=make) write or speak at great length or in detail / talk at length ?ϴ, οϴ Although Mr. Vail expatiates fluently on the need for a community action program, I have yet to see him do anything constructive. ; At this time, please give us a brief resume of your work; we shall permit you to expatiate later. Vail ȸ Ȱ ȹ ʿ伺 âϰ ݱ װ  Ǽ ϴ . ; ̹ Ͽ ̷ Ͻð ص帮ڽϴ. [+] descant" expediency,"n. that which is advisable or practical A pragmatic politician, he was guided by what was expedient rather than by what was ethical. ǿ 뼱 ġ ״ ͺٴ Ϳ ̲ȴ. [+] advantageous, beneficial, convenient, profitable, utilitarian" expedit,"v. hasten ϴ We hope you will be able to expedite delivery bevause of our tight schedule. ǥ ֱ⸦ ٶ. [+] accelerate" expeditiously,"a. rapidly and efficiently / rapidly ad efficiently żϰ, ɷ Please adjust this matter as expeditiously as possible as it is delaying important work. ; Please adjust this matter as expeditiously as possible as it is delaying important work. ߿ ǰ ֽÿ. ; ߿䤾 ǰ ֽÿ. [+] effectively, efficaciously, effectively, efficaciously" expertise,"n. specialized knowledge; expert skill ; Although she was knowlegdgeable in a number of fields, she ws hired for her particular expertise in computer programming. ׳ о ־ ǻ α׷ ׳ุ Ư Ǿ. [+] expertness, mastership, mastery" expletive,"n. interjection; profane oath (), (); 弳 The sergeant's remarks were filled with expletives that offended the new recruits. ߻ ߾ 弳 ź ǵȴ. [+] curse, swearword" exploit,"n.v. deed or action, partivulalry a brave deed / make use of, sometimes unjustly; to use for selfish advantage or profit , / ϴ, ̿ϴ Raoul wallenberg was noted for his exploits in rescuing Jews from Hitler's foces. ; Cesar Chavez fought attempts to exploit migrant farmworkers in California.; He became rich by exploiting his workers. ο?з״ Ʋ κ ε ŻŲ ִ ָ޾Ҵ. ; ڸ ĶϾƿ ϴ ε ̿Ϸ õ ° ο. [+] adventure, enterpise, venture, utilize" expostulation,"n. remonstrance ; Despite the teacher's scoldings and expostulations, the class remained unruly. ߰ Ÿ̸ ұϰ ȵ. [+] advice" expurgate,"v. ex(=out) + purg(=clean, clear) take out from a book what is considered to be improper or object on able parts / clean; remove offensive parts of a book <<å ҿ >> ϴ / ϴ; å ҿ ϴ If we are going to be required to expurgate this key scene from the play, then I think the playing is not worth doing. ; The editors felt that certain passages in the book had to be expurgated before it could be used in the classroom. ؿ ߿ ϶ 䱸 ޴´ٸ ġ ٴ ̴. ; ڵ å  ǿ DZ Ǿ ߴٰ ߴ. [+] bowdlerize, purge, purify" extemporaneous,"a. not planned; impromptu غ; Because his extemporaneous remarks were misinterpreted, he decided to write all his speeches in advance. ״ ڱ ߾ ظ ҷ ױ ϱ ۷ ߴ. [+] impromptu, improvised, offhand; [-] planned(ȹ)" extenuate,"v. ex(=out) + tenu(=thin) make wrongdoing less serious by finding an excuse / weaken; mitigate ϴ, 氨ϴ / ׷߸ I will try to tell the story in a balanced way, without either exaggerating or extenuating his responsibility for those sad events. ; It is easier for us to extenuate our own shortcomings than those of others. ǵ鿡 å аų 氨 ʰ µ 帮 ϰڽϴ. ; 츮 ڱ ϴ . [+] attenuate, diminish, palliate" extirpate,"v. root up Ű; Ѹ ̴ The Salem witch trials were a misguided attempt to extirpate superstition and heresy. ??? ̽Ű ̴ Ѹ̱ õ ߸ ̾. [+] annihilate, eradicate, exterminate, uproot" extradition,"n. dit(=give) the turning over of an alleged criminal, fugitive, or prisoner by one country, state, etc. to another / surrender of prisoner by one state to another <> ε / ε; ε Alabama sought his extradition from ohio ; The lawyers opposed the extradition of their client on the grounds that for more than five years he had been a model citizen. Alabamaִ Ohioַκ ׸ ε ߴ. ; ȣ װ 5 Ѱ ù̾ٴ ٰŷ Ҽ Ƿ ˼ ȯ ݴߴ." extrapolation,"n. projection; conjecture ܻ(־  谪 ̿ ˾Ƴ ) Based on their extrapolation from the results of the primaries on Super Tuesday, the net works predicted that George Bush would be the Republican candidate for the presidency. ȭϿ ĺ Ͽ ۻ νð ȭ ĺ ̶ ߴ." extrinsic,"a. not a part of the real character ; operatig or originatiog from the outside ; not essential / external; not inherent; foreign ; ܺηκ ; ʼ ƴ / ܺ; ܱ Nervousness was one of her extrinsic characteristics. ; Do not be fooled by extrinsic causes. We must look for the intrinsic reason. ׳ Ư¡  ϳ. ; ε ٺ . 츮 ãƾ Ѵ. [+] alien, extraneous" extrude,"v. force or push out о Much pressure is required to extrude these plastics. öƽ о з ʿϴ. [+] eject, evict" exude,"v. discharge; give forth ϴ; ߻Ű; 糪 The maple syrup is obtained from the sap that exudes from the trees in early spring. dz ÷ ̸ dz κ äȴ. [+] emanate, emit" fabricate,"v. build; lie ; ϴ Because of the child's tendency to fabricate, we had trouble believing her. ̰ ɼ 츮 ׳ฦ ϱⰡ . [+] assemble, construct, manufacture" facilitate,"v. make less difficult ϰ ϴ; He tried to facilitate matters at home by getting a part-time job. ״ ð ڸ Ͽ ֽ. [-] hamper(ѹ); [-] thwart(ѹ)" facsimile,"n. copy / Many museums sell facsimiles of the works of art on display. ڹ õǰ ִ ̼ ǰ ǰ Ǵ. [+] duplicate, replica" factious,"a. inclined to form factions; causing dissension ; ϻ Your statement is factious and will upset the harmony that now exists. ̱ ȭտ ظ ĥ ̴. [+] cooperative" factitious,"a. artificial; sham ; ¥ Hollywood actresses often create factitious tears by using glycerine. Ҹ ۸ ¥ . [+] artificial, synthetic" factotum,"n. handyman; person who does all kinds of work 巿ϲ; ⿪ Although we had hired him as a messenger, we soon began to use him as a general factotum around the office ó 츮 ׸ μ 츮 ׸ 繫 ⿪η ų ̴." faculty,"n. mental or boditly poweres; teaching staff 簣; / ɷ As he grew old, he feared he might lose his faculties and become useless to his employer. ľ鼭 ״ ڰ Ҿ ֿ ΰ ɱ ߴ. [+] flair" fain,"a. gladly Ⲩ - The knight said, ""I would fain be your protector."" "" Ⲩ ȣڰ ǰڽϴ."" ߴ." fallacious,"a. misleading Ʋ,׸; Ȥϰ ϴ Your reasoning must be fallacious because it leads to a ridiculous answer. ߷ ͸ 信 ̸ ϱ ߸ ӿ Ʋ. [+] illogical, invalid, invalid, irrational, unreasonable; [-] valid(ٰŰ Ÿ)" fallible,"a. fal (=err) + ible(=capable of) liable to error Ʋ , There is an old saying that pencils are made with erasers because everyone is fallible . ; I know I am fallible, but I feel confident that I am right this time. Ǽ ϱ 찳 Բ ٴ ִ. ; ٴ ̹ Ǵٰ ȮѴ. [+] errable, errant" fallow,"a. plowed but not sowed; uncultivated  ִ; ִ Farmers have learned that it is advisable to permit land to lie fallow every few years. ε ⸶  ٴ ˾Ҵ. [-] in use()" falter,"v. hesitate; to move hesitatingly , unsteadily ϴ, ̴ When told to dive off the high board, she did not falter, but proceeded at once.; Since he is shy about speaking in public, his voice always falters a litte at the beginning of his speeches. پ ׳ ʰ ߴ. [+] flinch, quail, recoil, shrink" fanaticism,"n. excessive zeal ģ The leader of the group was held responsible even though he could not control the fanaticism of his followers. ü ڴ ڵ å ߴ. [+] enthusiasm, zeal" fancied,"a. imagined; unreal ; You are resenting fancied insults. No one has ever said such things about you.  忡 аϰ ִ. ƹ ſ ׷ . [+] fanciful, imaginary" fancier,"n. breeder or dealer of animals ; ȣ The dog fancier exhibited her prize collie at the annual Kennel Club show. ְ߰ ڱⰡ ݸ Ŀ Ŭ  ." fanciful,"a. whimsical; visionary ; ,; This is a fanciful scheme because it does not consider the facts. ̰ ǵ ʾұ ȹ̴. [+] chimerical, fantastic, fictitious, unreal" fanfare,"n. call by bugles or trumpets ̳ Ʈ ȭ , ĸ The exposition was opened with a fanfare of trumpets and the firing of cannon. ڶȸ Ʈ ĸ ۵Ǿ." fantastic,"a. unreal; grotesque; whimsical ȯ; ̻; / ; õ; Your fears are fantastic because no such animal as you have described exists. ׷ ʾұ װͿ ̴. [+] chimerical, fanciful, fictitious, unreal" farce,"n. broad comedy; mockery Ÿ, Nothing went right; the entire interview degenerated into a farce. ̶ ƹ͵ . ȸ Ÿ ߴ. [+] burlesque, caricature, mock, travesty" fatalism,"n. belief that events are determined by forces beyond one's control With fatalism, he accepted the hardships that beset him. ״ ڱ⸦ ޾Ƶ鿴." faux pas,"n. an error or slip in manners or behavior (µ ־) Ǽ; å Your tactless remarks during dinner were a faux pas. ߿ ġ ߾ Ǽ. [+] gaffe, impropriety, indecorum, solecism" fawning,"a. courting favor by cringing and flattering ÷ϴ She was constantly surrounded by a group of fawning admirers who hoped to win some favor. ׳  ϴ ÷۵鿡 ѷο ־. [+] adulatory, flattering, sycophantic, toadying, trucking" fealty,"n. loyalty; faithfulness 漺; The feudal lord demanded fealty of his vassals. ִ ŵ鿡 漺 䱸ߴ. [+] allegiance, devotion, fidelity" feasible,"a. practical ִ, ; ɼ ִ This is an entirely feasible proposal. I suggest we adopt it. ̰ ü ̴. ׷ װ ä Ѵ. [+] practicable" febrile,"a. feverish , In his febrile condition, he was subject to nightmares and hallucinations. ״ ɷ ִ Ǹ ȯ ô޷ȴ." fecundity,"n. fertility; fruitfulness ; dz The fecundity of his mind is illustrated by the many vivid images in his poems. dz ӿ ̹ν ִ. [+] prolificacy" feint,"n. trick; shift; sham blow å; Ӽ; ġ The boxer was fooled by his opponent's feint and dropped his guard. 굿ۿ Ӿ 带 ȴ. [+] maneuver, ruse, stratagem" felicitous,"a. apt; suitably expressed; well chosen -ϱ ; ϰ ǥ; õ He was famous for his felicitous remarks and was called upon to serve as master-of-ceremonies at many a banquet. ״ ǥ Ἥ ϱ Ͽ ȸ ȸ û޾Ҵ. [+] applicable, proper, suitable" fell,"a. cruel; deadly ; ġ The newspapers told of the tragic spread of the fell disease. Ź ǰ ߴ. [+] barbarous, ferocious, fierce, relentless, savage, truculent" felon,"n. person convicted of a grave crime A convicted felon loses the right to vote. ˸ ǥ Ҵ´." ferment,"n. agitation; commotion ; ҿ; ȿ, ȿ The entire country was in a state of ferment. ȥ ¿. [+] clamor, tumult, turmoil, uproar; [-] tranquility()" ferret,"v. drive or hunt out of hiding ãƳ She ferreted out their secret. ׳ ׵ ij´. [+] search" fervent,"a. ferv(=boil, bubble) + ent(=having the quality of) hot ; glowing ; showing warmth of feeling, passionate0 / ardent; ߰ſ ; 鿭 ; , ݽ, As a youth he developed a fervent interest in biology that led to a lifelong career. ; She felt that the fervent praise was excessive and somewhat undeserved.  ״ п Ű. ; ׳ 縦 ϰ ޾Ƽ ټ . [+] enthusiastic, fervid, passionate" fervid,"a. ardent Her fervid enthusiasm inspired all of us to undertake the dangerous mission. ׳ 츮 δ ϵ Ǿ. [+] fervent, passionate" festive,"a.v. joyous; celebratory ܿ, ſ Their wedding in the park was a festive occasion. ׵ ȥ ſ 翴. [+] blithe, blithesome, gay, jocund, jolly, merry, mirthful" fete,"v. honor at a festival ġ Ǯ ϴ The returning hero was feted at a community supper and dance. ƿ ȸ Ǫ Ļ ȸ ޾Ҵ." fetid,"a. malodorous 밡 The neglected wound became fetid. ġḦ ó 밡 . [+] noisome, putrid, rancid; [-] having a pleasant smell(Ⱑ )" fictitious,"a. imaginary , , ¥ Although this book purports to be a biography of George Washington, many of the incidents are fictitious. å å ӿ ǵ ̴. [+] bogus, sham, spurious, concocted, fabricated, fanciful, invented, supposititious" fiduciary,"a. pertaining to a position of trust Ź In his will, he stipulated that the bank act in a fiduciary capacity and manage his estate until his children became of age. ״ ڽĵ Źڰ Ǿ ߴ." figurine,"n. small ornamental statuette Ի In ""The Maltese Falcon,"" Sam Spade was hired to trace the missing figurine of a black bird. ""Ÿ "" ̵ Ҿ Ի ϴµ Ǿ." filch,"v. steal ġ The boys filched apples from the fruit stand. ҳ ǸŴ뿡 ƴ. [+] pilfer, purloin, snitch" filial,"a. pertaining to a son daughter ڽ Many children forget their filial obligations and disregard the wishes of their parents. ڽĵ ڽĵ ǹ ؾ θ 븦 Ѵ." filigree,"n. delicate, lace-like metalwork ſ The golden filigree pendant she wore round her trembled with each breath she took. ׳ ɸ ̰ ׳డ ŷȴ." finale,"n. conclusion It is not until we reach the finale of this play that we can understand the author's message. 츮 ǵ ִ . [+] conclusion, denouement" finicky,"a. too particular; fussy ʹ ٷο; ġ The old lady was finicky about her food and ate very little. Ĵ ׳ Ŀ ġ ٷοͼ ʾҴ. [+] fastidious, squeamish" finite,"a. limited / It is difficult for humanity with its finite existence to grasp the infinite. ΰ ϴ ƴ. [+] bounded" firebrand,"n. hothead; troublemaker The police tried to keep track of all the local firebrands when the president came to town. Ѵ ߴ. [+] agitator, fermenter" fissure,"n. crevice ƴ The mountain climbers secured footholds in tiny fissures in the rock. 갡 ƴ ƴ Ȯߴ. [+] breach, cleft, crack, rift" fitful,"a. spasmodic; intermittent ; After several fitful attempts, he decided to postpone the start of the project until he felt more energetic. õ ״ ȹ ϰ ߴ. [+] sporadic" flaccid,"a. flabby , þ His sedentary life had left him with flaccid muscles. ״ ɾƼ ϴ Ƽ þ." flag,"v. drop; grow feeble þ, õ When the opposing hockey team scored its third goal only minutes into the first quarter, the home team's spirits flagged. ?Ű ù Ǿ忡  и 3 ߱ Ȩ ⸦ ߸ Ҵ. [+] decline, deteriorate, languish; [-] wax(ϴ, Ŀ)" flagellate,"v. flog; whip äϴ; ϴ The Romans used to flagellate criminals with a whip that had three knotted strands. θε? ŵ ִ ȸʸ ڸ äϰ ߴ. [+] scourge" flagging,"a. weak; drooping ; When the opposing hockey team scored its third goal only minutes into the first quarter, the home team's spirits flagged. ?Ű ù Ǹ忡  и 3 ߱ Ȩ ⸦ ߸ Ҵ. [+] decline, deteriorate, languish" flail,"v. thresh grain by hand; strike or slap ϴ; ġ In medieval! times, warriors flailed their foe with a metal ball attached to a handle. ߼ ̿ ݼӰ ׵ ƴ." flair,"n. talent She has an uncanny flair for discovering new artists before the public has become aware of their existence. ׳ ο 縦 ˱⵵ ׵ ߰ϴ ְ ־. [+] faculty" flamboyant,"a. ornate ȭ; Modern architecture has discarded the flamboyant trimming on buildings and emphasizes simplicity of line. ǹ ȭ ʰ ܼ ߴ. [+] baroque, rococo; [-] subdued()" flay,"v. strip off skin; plunder ; Ѵ The criminal was condemned to being flayed alive. δ,  ˵ ڸ ä ó ȭ Ѵ. ڴ ä ߴ." fleck,"v. spot Her cheeks, flecked with tears, were testimony to the hours of weeping. Ƿ ׳ ð ſ." fleece,"n. wool coat of a sheep They shear sheep of their fleece, which they comb into separate strands of wool. ׵ и Ѵ." flick,"n. light stroke as with a whip Ź The horse needed no encouragement; one flick of the whip was all the jockey had to apply to get the animal to run at top speed. ݷ ʿ ; ȸʸ ѹ ġ Ͽ ְ ӵ ٰ ϴµ ؾ ߴ ο." flinch,"v. hesitate; shrink ̴; ߸ He did not flinch in the face of danger but fought back bravely. ״ 迡 Ͽ ƴϰ 밨ϰ ο." flippancy,"n. trifling gaiety Your flippancy at this serious moment is offensive. ൿ ̴. [+] frivolity, levity, lightness" flit,"v. fly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by ? Like a bee flitting from flower to flower, Rose flitted from one boyfriend to the next. ɿ ư ڿ ٸ ڷ Ű . [+] fleet" floe,"n. mass of floating ice κ(ٴϴ ) The ship made slow progress as it battered its way through the ice floes. κ̷ ׷θ ġ鼭 õõ ư." flora,"n. plants of a region or era ̳ ô Ĺ Because she was a botanist, she spent most of her time studying the flora of the desert. ׳ Ĺڿ ڽ κ ð 縷 Ĺ ." flotilla,"n. small fleet , Դ, ô 蹫 It is always an exciting and interesting moment when the fishing flotilla returns to port. 밡 ױ ƿ еǰ ִ ̴." flotsam,"n. drifting wreckage ǥ() Beachcombers eke out a living by salvaging the flotsam and jetsam of the sea. غ Ĺ ݴ ǥ ٴٿ 踦 ٷ ." flourish,"v. flour(=flower) grow in a healthy manner, prosper / grow well; decorate with ornaments ϴ, ڶ / ϴ, / ; âϴ; Ȱϴ; ڶؼϴ; üξ With eager students and able teachers, learning will flourish , even though the school building may be old and shabby. ; The orange trees flourished in the sun б ǹ ǰ ʶ л ־ н Ȱ ̴ . ; . [+] flourish, multiply; [-] lack of embellishment( )" fluctuation,"n. wavering ĵ, 䵿 Meteorologists watch the fluctuations of the barometer in order to predict the weather. ڵ ϱ а ȭ Ѵ. [+] faltering, vacillation" fluency,"n. smoothness of speech â He spoke French with fluency and ease. ״ Ҿ âϸ鼭 ߴ. [+] glibness, volubility" fluke,"n. unlikelyoccurrence; stroke of fortune When Douglas defeated Tyson for the heavyweight championship, some sportscasters dismissed his victory as a fluke. ۷ èǾ Ÿ̽ ̰ ڵ ¸ ̶ ߴ. [-] expected occurrence(ȹ )" fluted,"a. having vertical parallel grooves (as in a pillar) η Ȩ All that remained of the ancient building were the fluted columns. ǹ ִ η Ȩ յ̾." flux,"n. flowing; series of changes 帧; Ϸ ȭ While conditions are in such a state of flux, I do not wish to commit myself too deeply in this affair. Ȳ?׷ · ǰ ִ ϰ ʴ. [+] current" foist,"v. insert improperly; palm off ϴ( ); ӿ ϴ I will not permit you to foist such ridiculous ideas upon the membership of this group. ü ȸ ڰݿ ׷ 콺ν ̵ ̴. [+] deceive, impose" foolhardy,"a. rash Don't be foolhardy. Get the advice of experienced people before undertaking this venture. ϰ ൿ . ϱ ִ ϶. [+] adventurous, audacious, headlong, impetuous, precipitate, temerarious, venturous" foppish,"a. vain about dress and appearance ںθ; ʽø He tried to imitate the foppish manner of the young men of the court. ״ ս ̵ θ dz ֽ." forbearance,"n. patience, self-control; self-restraint γ, Her forbearance during the depression was inspiring. ; We must use forbearance in dealing with him because he is still weak from his illness.; Please exercise forebearance in dealing with him because he is still very ill. Ȳȿ ׳ ̾. ; ״ ̹Ƿ ׸ ٷ 츮 γ Ѵ. [+] endurance, temperance" ford,"n. place wherea river can be crossed on foot; a shallow place in a river which can be crossed by walking or driving ; ;ɾdzμִ;Ǿ, ڵ(ȸ) Rather than risk using the shaky rope bridge, David walked a half-mile downstream until he came to the nearest ford.; Before the bridge was built, people used to cross the river at this ford. ̺ 鸮 ٴٸ dzʰ ϱ⺸ £ Ϸ ɾ ߴ. [+] shoal" foreboding,"n. premonition of evil ұ , Caesar ridiculed his wife's forebodings about the ldes of March. Ƴ 3 15Ͽ ұ . [+] augury, forewarning, portent, premonition, prenotion, presage, presentiment" foresight,"n. foreseeing ; forethought / ability to foresee future happenings; prudence ; 巡 / , I should have got them to have foresight to buy a warm coat before it got cold;now all the best ones have bee sold. ; A wise investor, she had the foresight to buy land just before the current real estate boom. ʹ ߿ ׵ ߾ ϴ ͵ ȷȴ. ; ڰ ׳ ε ֱ ߷ δ . [+] canniness, clairvoyance, discreetness, discretion, precaution, providence" formality,"n. adherence to established rules or procedures / ; Ŀֵ Signing this position is a mereformality; it does not obligate you in any way. ϴ ٸ ̴. װ  ε Ѵ. [+] convenance, convention" formidable,"a. menacing; threatening ; / ; û We must not treat the battle lightly for we are facing a formidable foe. 츮 ġϰ ֱ ؼ ȵȴ. [+] appalling, dreadful, frightful, horrible, terrible" fracas,"n. brawl; melee ; ο The military police stopped the fracas in the bar and arrested the belligerents. 庴 Ͼ ο װ ο üߴ. [+] affray, brawl, fray; [-] peaceful situation(ȭ Ȳ); [-] peaceable exception( )" fractious,"a. fract(=break) + i(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) irritable, peevish, bad-tempered / unruly , θ, ٷο, ٷ We had many talented players, but the fractious behavior of a few individuls impaired our team spirit and led to a losing season. ; The fractious horse unseated its rider. Ǹ ־ ٷο 츮 Ⱑ ϵǾ ᱹ 𿡼 йϰ Ҵ. ; ٷ ¸ڸ ߷ȴ. [+] indocile, intractable, recalcitrant" frailty,"n. weakness ; We had to pity the sick old woman because of her frailty. ߱ 츮 ĸ ؾ ߴ. [+] foible" franchise,"n. right granted by authority ű, , α; Ư; Ǹű The city issued a franchise to the company to operate surface transit lines on the street for ninety-nine years. ô ȸ翡 99 Ÿ  ִ Ǹ ־. [+] suffrage" frantic,"a. wild ģ, , ; ʻ At the time of the collision, many people became frantic with fear. 浹 ƴϾ. [+] frenetic, frenzied, furious, rabid" fraudulent,"a. cheating; decietful ̴; ⸸ϴ The government seeks to prevent fraudulent and misleading advertising. δ ⼺ ٺϰ Ȥ Ѵ. [+] delusive, illusive" fraught,"a. filled - , 游 Since this enterprise is fraught with danger, I will ask for volunteers who are willing to assume the risks. δ ũ ׷ ڸ ã ̴. [+] plenished" fray,"n. brawl ο; The three musketeers were in the thick of the fray. Ѻ ġߴ. [+] affray, fracas, melee" freebooter,"n. buccaneer Ż This town is a rather dangerous place to visit as it is frequented by pirates, freebooters, and other plunderers. , Żڵ ׸ ħϱ 湮ϱ⿡ ̴. [+] corsair, marauder, pillager, plunderer" frenzied,"a. madly excited ģ As soon as they smelled smoke, the frenzied animals milled about in their cages. ڸ ģ ٴ ׵ 츮 Ǹ Ҵ. [+] frantic, frenetic, furious, rabid" fresco,"n. painting on plaster (usually fresh) ٸ ȸ ä ׸ ȭ The cathedral is visited by many tourists who wish to admire the frescoes by Giotto. ȭ ϱ Ͽ 湮Ѵ." freshet,"n. sudden flood ū ȫ Motorists were warned that spring freshets had washed away several small bridges and that long detours would be necessary. ڵ ڵ ȫ ٸ ָ ư ̶ . [+] deluge, inundation, overflow" fret,"v. to be annoyed or vexed; to worry ¿, ¥ ϴ To fret over your poor grades is foolish; instead, decide to work harder in the future.; Do not fret about getting a job; with your qualifications I am sure that you have nothing to worry about. ¿ . ׷ ϱ⺸ٴ ϵ Ͽ. [+] annoy, bother, irritate, provoke, ruffle, vex" frieze,"n. ornamental band on a wall Ķ; ϴ Һ The frieze of the church was adorned with sculpture. ȸ ĵǾ." frigid,"a. intensely cold; very cold Ȥ, ߿ Alaska is in the frigid zone.; The frigid temperatures in the Arctic caused many hardships for the men in the expedition. ˷ī ſ ߿ ̴. [+] chill, freezing, frozen, hyperborean" fritter,"v. waste ϴ He could not apply himself to any task and frittered away his time in idle conversation. ״  Ͽ  ѰӰ ȭ ϸ鼭 ð ´. [+] dissipate, squander" frivolity,"n. lack of seriousness , We were distressed by his frivolity during the recent grave crisis. ֱ ߴ ⿡ ַ 츮 ô . [+] flippancy, levity" frolicsome,"a. prankish; gay ; Źٶ The frolicsome puppy tried to lick the face of its master. Ҹ 峭ġ ߴ. [+] festive, jocund, jolly, jovial, sportive" frond,"n. fern leaf; palm or banana leaf ġ ; ٳ After the storm the beach was littered with the fronds of palm trees. dz Ŀ غ ." froward,"a. disobedien; perverse; stubborn ; ɼ; ϰ Your froward behavior has alienated many of us who might have been your supporters. ɼ ൿ ڵ ־ 츮 ҿ ״." frowzy,"a. slovenly; unkempt; dirty Ǵ´; ġ ; Her frowzy appearance and her cheap decorations made her appear ludicrous in this group. ׳ ġ ܸ Ĺ ü ׳ฦ 콺ν ̰ Ѵ. [+] slatternly" fructify,"v. bear fruit Ÿ δ This peach tree should fructify in three years. Ƴ 3 Ÿ ̴." frugality,"n. thrift ˾ In these difficult days, we must live with frugality or our money will be gone. ñ⿡ 츮 ؼ ƾ Ѵ. ׷ Ƴ ̴. [+] economy, husbandry, providence, thrift" fruition,"n. bearing of fruit; fulfillment; realization ; ; This building marks the fruition of all our aspirations and years of hard work. ǹ 츮 ̴. [+] accomplishment, achievement, attainment" frustrate,"v. thwart; defeat Ű; йŰ We must frustrate this dictator's plan to seize control of the government. 츮 θ Ϸ ȹ Ѿ߸ Ѵ. [+] baffle, circumvent, foil; [-] abet(ϴ)" fulcrum,"n. support on which a lever rests ħ If we use this stone as a fulcrum and the crowbar as a lever, we may be able to move this boulder. 츮 ħ, 踷븦 Ѵٸ ձٵ ű 𸥴." fulgent,"a. beaming; radiant ; ִ In the fulgent flow of the early sunrise everything seemed bright and gleaming. ̸ ޺ ӿ ." fulsome,"a. disgustingly excessive (÷ ) ģ His fulsome praise of the dictator annoyed his listeners. ûߵ ڿ ģ ȭ . [+] extravagant, exuberant, lavish, profuse" functionary,"n. official As his case was transferred from one functionary to another, he began to despair of ever reaching a settlement. ٸ ű ̱ ϴ Ϳ ϱ ߴ." funereal,"a. sad; solemn ; I fail to understand why there is such a funereal atmosphere; we have lost a battle, not a war. ׷ Ⱑ 帣 . 츮 ٸ £ ƴ϶ ̴. [+] depressing, disheartening, dismal, gloomy, grave, somber" furor,"n. frenzy; great excitement ; The story of her embezzlement of the funds created a furor on the Stock Exchange. ŷҴ ׳డ Ⱦߴٴ ҽ ص п ۽ο. [+] fury" fusillade,"n. simultaneous firing or outburst (of missiles, questions, etc) , Tchaikovsky's ""1812 Overture"" concludes with a thunderous fusillade of cannon fire. Ű '1812 ' ΰ ߻ ڿ . [+] barrge, bombardment" fusion,"n. union; coalition / ; The opponents of the political party in power organized a fusion of disgruntled groups and became an important element in the election. ߴ Ҹ ü ؼ ſ ߿ ǰ ߴ. [+] alloy, amalgamation, blend, compound, interfusion, mixture" fustian,"a. pompous; bombastic ; dz Several in the audience were deceived by his fustian style; they mistook pomposity for erudition. û ü ӾҴ; ׵ dz ٷ ߴ." gadfly,"n. animal-biting fly; an irritating person ĸ; Like a gadfly, he irritated all the guests at the hotel; within forty-eight hours, everyone regarded him as an annoying busybody. ĸó ״ ȣ մԵ ȭ ߴ. Ʋ Ǿ ׸ Ͽ ϱ ϴ ߴ. [+] irritant" gaff,"n. hook; barbed fishing spear ; ۻ When he attempted to land the sailfish, he was so nervous that he dropped the gaff into the sea. ״ ġ øٰ ʹ ϴ ٶ ٴٿ ߷ȴ." gainsay,"v. deny ݹϴ She was too honest to gainsay the truth of the report. ׳ ʹ Ͽ . [+] contradict, contravence, impugn; [-] speak in support of(Ͽ ϴ); [-] concur(ϴ)" gait,"n. manner of walking or running; speed ȴ ; , ӵ The lame man walked with an uneven gait. ̰ ڶװŸ ɾ. [+] celerity, rapidity, swiftness, veloity" galaxy,"n. the Milky Way; any collection of brilliant personalities ϼ; ȭ The deaths of such famous actors as Clark Gable, Gary Cooper and Spencer Tracy demonstrate that the galaxy of Hollywood superstars is rapidly disappearing. Ŭũ ̺, ɸ, 漭 Ʈ̽ 渮 ְ α ޼ ش." gall,"n. bitterness; nerve / annoy; chafe , / ¿, ȭ ϴ The knowledge of his failure filled him with gall. ; Their taunts galled him. п ״ . ; ׵ Ҵ ׸ ȭ ߴ. [+] affliction, distress, woe, abrade, bother, provoke, ruffle,vex" galleon,"n. large sailing ship ū The Spaniards pinned their hopes on the galleon, the large warship; the British, on the smaller and faster pinnace. ׵ ū ξ ۰ ֵܹ迡 ξ." gambol,"v. skip; leap playfully پ; 峭ϴ Watching children gamboling in the park is a pleasant experience. ٳ ִ ̵ ִ ſ ̴. [+] frisk, frolic; [-] plod(͹Ÿ ȴ)" gamely,"e. plucky 밨ϰ Because he had fought gamely against a much superior boxer, the crowd gave him a standing ovation when he left the arena. ״ ڱ⺸ ξ 켼 ¾ 밨ϰ ο ߵ װ ⸳ ڼ ´. [+] bravely, courageously" gamester,"n. gambler ڲ An inveterate gamester, she was willing to wager on the outcome of any event, even one which involved the behavior of insects. ?ڲ ׳  ̵ ൿ õ Ϳ ⸦ Ϸ ߴ." garbled,"a. mixed up; based on false or unfair selection ȥյ; 缱 The garbled report confused many readers who were not familiar with the facts. ̰ ִ ǵ鿡 ͼġ ȥ ߴ. [+] distorted, misreported" gargantuan,"a. huge; enormous Ŵ The gargantuan wrestler was terrified of mice. ū 㸦 ߴ. [+] colossal, gigantic, levithan, mammthoth,titanic" gargoyle,"n. waterspout carved in grotesque figures on building ࿡ ̷ ; ̹⵹ The gargoyles adorning the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris are amusing in their grotesqueness. ĸ Ʋ ϰ ִ ̹⵹ ⱫϿ ִ." garish,"a. gaudy ½½ϴ; ; ȭ She wore a garish rhinestone necklace. ׳ õڽ ̾Ƹ ̸ ߴ. [+] brazen, meretricious, tawdry" garnish,"v. decorate food for the table ٸ, ϴ / 丮 ä ̴ To the delight of all Mrs. Cratchit brought in a Christmas pudding garnished with a sprig of holly. ; Parsley was used to garnish the boiled potato. ΰ ̰Ե Cratchit ȣó ĵ ũ Ǫ Դ. ; Ľ ڸ ϴ Ǿ. [+] adorn, embellish, ornament" garrulity,"n. talkativeness The man who married a dumb wife asked the doctor to make him deaf because of his wife's garrulity after her cure.  Ƴ ȥ ڴ Ƴ ġ Ŀ ٽ ǻ翡 ڽ ͸ӰŸ ޶ ߴ. [+] loquacity, prolixity, verbosity; [-] taciturnity()" gasconade,"n. bluster; boastfulness dz; ڶ Behind his front of gasconade and pompous talk, he tried to hide his inherent uncertainty and nervousness. ڶ dz µ ̸鿡 ״ ȮǼ Ű ߷ ֽ." gauche,"a. clumsy; boorish; impolite; clumsy ; ̽ Such remarks are gauche and out of place; you should apologize for making them.; His gauche manner embarrassed his family. ׷ ߾ ġ ϹǷ ʴ ׵鿡 ׷ Ϳ ؾ Ѵ. [+] maladroit, unskillful" gaudy,"a. flashe; showy Ѹ , Her gaudy taste in clothes appalled us. 츮 ׳ . [+] brazen, garish, meretricious, tawdry" gaunt,"a. lean and angular; barren , ô His once round face looked surprisingly gaunt after he had lost weight. ü Ŀ ϴ ô ." gauntlet,"n. leather glove 尩 Now that we have been challenged, we must take up the gauntlet and meet our adversary fearlessly. ޾Ƿ 츮 尩 η ڿ ο Ѵ." gazette,"n. official periodical publication He read the gazettes regularly for the announcement of his promotion. ״ ǥ ˱ Ģ о. [+] periodical" genealogy,"n. record of descent; lineage ; He was proud of his genealogy and constantly referred t the achievements of his ancestors. ״ 뿡 ڶ ߰ ׻ ߴ. [+] pedigree" generality,"n. vague statement Ϲݷ This report is filled with generalities; you must be more specific in your statements. Ȯ ʴ. ü ؾ . [+] generalization, universality" geniality,"n. cheerfulness; kindliness; sympathy Ͻ; ģ; This restaurant is famous and popular because of the geniality of the proprietor who tries to make everyone happy. Ĵ մ ̰ ַ ־ ģ ϰ αⰡ ִ. [+] agreeability, amenity, amiability, cordiality" gentility,"n. those of gentle birth; refinement »; õ Her family was proud of its gentility and elegance. ׳ ð ڶߴ. [+] elite, gentry" gentry,"n. people of standing; class of people just below nobility Ż The local gentry did not welcome the visits of the summer tourists and tried to ignore their presence in the community. Ż ݵ ö ఴ ް ʾұ ȸ 縦 ߴ. [+] elite, gentility" genuflect,"v. bend the knee as in worship 躼 ó ݴ A proud democrat, he refused to genuflect to any man. ںν μ ״ Ե ʾҴ." germinal,"a. pertaining to a germ; creative ,; â Such an idea is germinal; I am certain that it will influence thinkers and philosophers for many generations. ׷ â̴. ׷Ƿ װ 󰡿 öڵ鿡 ĥ ̶ ȮѴ. [+] embryonic, original, seminal" germinate,"v. cause to sprout; sprout; to begin to grow Ʈ ϴ; Ʈ After the seeds germinate and develop their permanent leaves, the plants may be removed from the cold frames and transplanted to the garden.; These seeds will germinate more quickly if you put them in a warmer place. ڰ ߾Ƶǰ Ŀ Ĺ »󿡼 Ű ִ. [+] generate, induce" gerrymander,"v. change voting district lines in order to favor a political party ű ڱ翡 ϰ ġ The illogical pattern of the map of this congressional district is proof that the State Legislature gerrymandered this area in order to favor the majority party. ȸǿ ű ǥϴ ϰ ȹ Թΰ ټ ϱ ű ƴٰ Ŵ." gestate,"v. evolve, as in prenatal growth ȹ ϴ While this scheme was being gestated by the conspirators, they maintained complete silence about their intentions. ȹ ڵ鿡 Ǿ ִ ׵ ׵ ǵ ħ Ű ־." gesticulation,"n. motion; gesture ; Operatic performers are trained to make exaggerated gesticulations because of the large auditoriums in which they appear. ⿬ڵ ׵ ⿬ϴ ũ ϵ Ʒ ޴´." gibber,"v. speak foolishly ˾Ƶ ̴ The demented man gibbered incoherently. ģ . [+] babble, prate, prattle" gibbet,"n. gallows The bodies of the highwaymen were left dangling from the gibbet s a warning to other would-be transgressors. ü ٸ ڵ ϱ 뿡 Ŵ޸ ä ־." gibe,"v. mock ϴ As you gibe at their superstitious beliefs, do you realize that your, too, are guilty of similarly foolish thoughts? ׵ ̽ ž ׿  ִٴ ˰ ִ°? [+] flout, jeer, sneer" giddy,"a. light-hearted; dizzy , He felt his giddy youth past. ߴ . [+] vertiginous" gig,"n. two-wheeled carriage ̷ As they drove down the street in their new gig, drawn by the dappled mare, they were cheered by the people who recognized them. ׵ 踻 ̷ Ÿ Ÿ ׵ ˾ƺ 鿡 ȯȣ ޾Ҵ." gingerly,"e. very carefully ϰ, DZ To separate egg whites, first crack the egg gingerly. ް и ڸ ɽ ް ߷. [+] charily, prudently" gist,"n. essence; the main idea She was asked to give the gist of the essay in two sentences.; I understand the gist of the document but my lawyer will have to explain the details. ׳ ϶ û޾Ҵ. [+] core, crux; [-] trivial point( ); [-] tangential point( )" glaze,"v. cover with a thin and shiny surface - ; ̲ Ǵ, , ٸ The freezing rain glazed the streets and made driving hazardous. ν Ÿ ̲ ϱⰡ ߴ. [+] burnish, furbish, gloss, polish" glean,"v. gather leavings ̻ ݴ After the crops had been harvested by the machines, the peasants were permitted to glean the wheat left in the fields. ĵ ŵ Ŀ ε 翡 ̻ ִ 㰡 ޾Ҵ. [+] garner" glib,"a. fluent; spoken easily but with little thought ; fluent Խ He is glib and articulate speaker.; The salesman was such a glib talker that he sold her several items that she did not need. ״ ϰ ϰ ϴ 翴. [+] voluble; [-] labored()" gloaming,"n. twilight Ź The snow began to fall in the gloaming and continued all through the night. Ȳȥ ؼ ȴ." gloat,"v. express evil satisfaction; view malevolently ( ǹ) ٶ󺸴; As you gloat over your ill-gotten wealth, do you thing o the many victims your have defrauded? δϰ ٶ ſ ڵ ?" glossary,"n. brief explanation of words used in the text; an explanation of special words at the end of a book Ǯ I have hound the glossary in this book very useful; it has eliminated many trips to the dictionary.; If you do not understand some of the technical terms, refer to the glossary. å ؼ ˾Ҵ. Ǿ ִ ͵ Ҵ." glossy,"a. smooth and shining I want this photograph printed on glossy paper. ִ ̿ ȭDZ⸦ ٶ." glower,"v. scowl The angry boy glowered at his father. ȭ ҳ ƹ Ҵ. [+] frown, glare" glutinous,"a. sticky; viscous ; Molasses is a glutinous substance. ̴. [+] viscid" gluttonous,"a. greedy for food ԰ɵ鸰, ԰ɽ, Ž彺 The gluttonous boy ate all the cookies. Žϴ ҳ Ű Ծ ȴ. [+] rapacious, ravenous, voracious" gnarled,"a. twisted ; ִ The gnarled oak tree had been a landmark for years and was mentioned in several deeds. ǥ Ǿ ӿ ޵Ǿ." gnome,"n. dwarf; underground spirit ; ŷ In medieval! mythology, gnomes were the special guardians and inhabitants of subterranean mines. ߼ ͽŵ Ư ȣŵμ ӿ Ҵ." goad,"v. urge on ݷϴ,ϴ / ڱϴ He was goaded by his friends until he yielded to their wishes. ; He was goaded by his friends until he yielded to their wishes. ״ ģ 䱸 ģ鿡 Ǿ. ; ״ ġ 䱸 ģ鿡 Ǿ. [+] exhort, instigate, prick, prompt, propel, spur, exhort, instigate, prick, prompt, propel, spur" gorge,"v. stuff oneself Ҹ Դ The gluttonous guest gorged himself with food as though he had not eaten for days. ԰ɽ մ ó ־." gory,"a. bloody The audience shuddered as it listened to the details of the gory massacre. û Ǻ񸰳 뷮 л ġ ȴ." gossamer,"a. sheer; like cobwebs Ź ; Nylon can be woven into gossamer or thick fabrics. Ϸ ų Ϳ ¥ ִ. [-] Ponderous( ſ)" gouge,"v. tear out In that fight, all the rules were forgotten; the adversaries bit, kicked, and tried to gouge each other's eyes out. ο򿡼 Ģ õǾ. 븦 ߷ ̾ƹ ߴ. [+] exact, extort, squeeze, wrench, wrest" gourmand,"n. epicure; person who takes excessive pleasure in food and drink ̽İ; ִ Ŀ ſ ã The gourmand liked the French cuisine. ̽İ Ҷ 丮 ߴ. [+] gastronomist, gourmet" gourmet,"n. connoisseur of food and drink ̽İ The gourmet stated that this was the best onion soup she had ever tasted. ̰ ׳డ ± ߿ ְ ߴ. [+] epicure, gastronomist, gourmand" graduated,"a. arranged by degrees (of height, difficulty, etc.) (, ) з Margaret loved her graduated set of Russian hollow wooden dolls; she spent hours happily putting the smaller dolls into their larger counterparts. ũ þƻ ߴ. ׳ ū ð ູϰ ´. [+] classified, sorted" granary,"n. shorehouse for grain  â We have reason to be thankful, for our crops were good and our granaries are full. 츮 ĵ â ִ 縦 ؾ Ѵ." granulate,"v. form into grains ˰̷ Sugar that has been granulated dissolves more readily than lump sugar. ˰̷ ´." graphic,"a. graph(=write) + ic(=nature of) of visual symbols such as lettering, diagrams, or drawings ; causing one to have a clear picture in the mind / pertaining to the art of delineatin; vividly described ʻ,ǥ,׸ ; , / ȭ; With the aid of few diagrams on the blackboard, she gave a summary of her plan so clear and graphic that it won the full support of the audience. ; I was particularly impressed by the graphic presentation of the storm. ĥ ǥ ڴ ڱ ȹ 並 иϰ ϰ ߱ ȹ . ; dz ǥ Ϳ λ ޾Ҵ. [+] photographic, pictorial, vivid" grapple,"n.v. / seize firmly ; struggle with somebody or something at close quarters ; try to deal with a problem, etc. / wrestle; come to grips with , , / , ; ºپ ο ; < > ذϷ ϴ / ϴ, ºξ ο You will have to use a grapple to recover the lobster trap from the bottom of the bay. ; He grappled with the burglar and overpowered him. ٴ ׹ 踦 ؾ ̴. ; ״ 㵵ϰ ºپ ο ̰. [+] scuffle" gratify,"v. grat(=pleasing, thank) + i(=s.e.) + fy(=make) give pleasure or satisfaction to ; give what is desired to / please ڰϴ, Ű ; <<䱸 >>ä,Ű / ڰ ϴ It is not our duty to gratify all his childish whims and desires. ; Her parents were prettified by her success. ġ Ű 츮 ǹ ƴϴ. ; ׳ θ ׳ ⻵ߴ. [+] delight" gratuity,"n. tip Many service employees rely more on gratuities than on salaries for their livelihood. ; Many service employees rely more on gratuities than on slaries for their livelihood. 񽺾 ϴ ޺ 踦 Ѵ. ; 񽺾 ϴ ޺ 踦 Ѵ. [+] lagniappe, lagniappe" grill,"v. question severely ϴ; In violation of the Miranda law, the police grilled the suspect for several hours before reading him his rights. ̶ ݿ ׿ Ǹ о ֱ ð ڸ ɹߴ." grisly,"a. causing horror or terror, ghastly , ù / Ҹġ, The mangled bodies of the victims told their own grisly story of what had happened. ; She shuddered at the frisly sight. ڵ Ⱕ ü Ͼ Ҹġ ̾߱⸦ ־. ; ׳ Ҹġ 濡 . [+] gruesome, lurid, macabre, terrible" grotesque,"a. fantastic; comically hideous Ⱬ, On Halloween people enjoy wearing grotesque costumes. Դ. [+] bizarre, odd" grotto,"n. samll cavern The Blue Grotto in Capri can be entered only by small boats rowed y natives through a natural opening in the rocks. ī ִ Ǫ ڿ 븦 ֹ 踦 Ÿ  ִ. [+] cave" grouse,"v. complain; fuss ϴ, Students traditionally grouse about the abysmal quality of ""mystery meat"" and similar dormitory food. ""̽׸ "" ׿ Ŀ л ̾. [+] tolerate; [-] rejoice(⻵ϴ)" grovel,"v. crawl or creep on gound; remain prostrate ; 帮 Even though we have been defeated, we do not have to grovel before our conquerors. 츮 й ڵ տ ʿ . [+] creep" grudging,"a. unwilling; reluctant; stingy Ű ʴ We received only grudging support from the mayor despite his earlier promises of aid. ó ϰڴٴ ӿ ұϰ 츮 κ Ű ʾϴ 㲿 ޾ ̴. [+] averse, disinlined, hesitant" gruel,"n. liquid food made by boiling oatmeal, etc., in milk or water Our daily allotment of gruel made the meal not only monotonous but also unpalatable. Ʈ ϴ Ļ ο ƴ϶ . [+] oatmeal" grueling,"a. exhausting ϰ ϴ The marathon is a grueling race. ϰ ϴ . [+] exhausting, strenuous" gruesome,"a. filling one with horror or disgust ; frightful / grisly ù ; Ҹġ I think you are showing bad judgement in telling such a gruesome tale to a high-strung, imaginative child. ; People screamed when her gruesome appearance was flashed on the screen. ΰϰ dz ̿ ׷ ̾߱⸦ ִ Ǵ ߸̶ Ѵ. ; ׳ ù ȭ鿡 Ÿ . [+] ghastly, lurid macabre, terrible" gruff,"a. rough-mannered ģ, Although he was blunt and gruff with most people, he was always gentle with children. ״ κ 鿡Դ Ҷ ̵鿡Դ ε巯. [+] boorish, churlish" guffaw,"n. boisterous laughter п The loud guffaw that came from the closed room indicated that the members of the committee had not yet settled down to serious business. нǿ ū Ҹ ȸ Ͽ Ÿ Ÿ´." guileless,"a. without deceit , He is naive, simple, and guileless; he cannot be guilty of fraud. ״ ϰ ܼϰ ϴ. ׷ ״ ñ˸ . [+] artless, ingenouos, naive, unaffected, unsophisticated" gullible,"a. easily deeived Ӵ He preyed upon gullible people, who believed his stories of easy wealth. ״ θ ̾߱⸦ ϴ ӱ ̿ Ծ. [+] credulous" gustatory,"a. affecting the sense of taste , ̰ This food pvides much gustatory because of the spices it contains. ӿ Ư ִ." gusto,"n. enjoyment; enthusiasm ſ, , , He accepted the assignment with such gusto that I feel he would have been satisfied with a smaller salary. ״ ̰ ޾Ƶ鿩 ׷ ں ̶ Ѵ. [+] delight, palable, taste; ardor, enthusiasm, fervor, passion, zeal" gusty,"a. windy ٶ, ٶ The gusty weather made sailing precarious. ٶ ϱⰡ ߴ. [+] breezy" guttural,"a. pertaining to the throat 񱸸, Guttural sounds are produced in the throat or in the back of the tongue and palate. 񱸸̳ ΰ ڿ ̴. [+] throaty" habiliments,"n. garb; clothing , Although not a minister, David Belasco used to wear clerical habiliments. ̺ ڴ ƴϾ ϰ ߴ. [+] apparel, attire, clothes" hackles,"n. hairs on back and neck of a dog The dog's hackles rose and he began to growl as the sound of footsteps grew louder. ڱ Ҹ Ŀ Ÿ ߴ." haggard,"a. wasted away; gaunt ô After his long illness, he was pale and haggard. ״ ξұ âϰ Ͽ. [+] cadavorous, emaciated" haggle,"v. argue or dispute especially the price of something or the terms of a bargain / argue about prices úϴ, Ծϴ / I think your price for the tennis racket is too high, but since I'm in no mood to haggle with you, I'll take it. ; I prefer to shop in a store that has a one-price policy because, whenever I haggle with a shopkeeper, I am never certain that I paid a fair price for the articles I purchased. ״Ͻ Ͽ 䱸ϴ ʹ δٰ Ű Ծ ƴϾ װ ڽϴ. ; ΰ ǰ鿡 ߴٰ Ȯ ǽϴ ǻ⸦ Ѵ. [+] bargain" hale,"a. healthy , ưư After a brief illness, he was soon hale. ״ ưư. [+] eobust, vigorus" hallowed,"a. blessed; consecrated ູ, ż She was laid to rest in hallowed ground. ׳ ż Ƚϰ Ǿ. [+] sacred, sanctified, unprofane" hallucination,"n. delusion ȯ I think yoi were frightened by a hallucination that you created in your own mind. ӿ Ų ȯ . [+] illusion, mirage" hamper,"v. obstruct ϴ The minority party agreed not to hamper the efforts of the leaders to secure a lasting peace. Ҽ ȭ ʱ ߴ. [+] hinder, impede" hap,"n. chance; luck In his poem Hop, thomas Hardy objects to the part chance plays in our lives. 丶 ϵ '' ̶ ÿ 쿬 츮  ġ ҿ ݹϰ ִ. [+] fortune" haphazard,"a. random; by chance; without a fixed or regular course; indifferent; disorganized Ǵ , 쿬 His haphazard reading left him unacquainted with the authors of the books.; It is obvious that this paper has been written in a very hapharzard way. ״ ġ ؼ å ڵ鿡 ؼ . [+] aimless,desultory" harangue,"n. noisy speech , 層 Inher lengthy harangue, the principal berated the offenders. Ȳ ڵ ¢. [+] diatribe, tirade" harbor,"v. provide a refuge for; hide ó ִ, ִ The church harbored illegal aliens who were political refugees. ȸ ġ ڿ ҹ ü ܱε ־. [+] shelter" harping,"n. tiresome dwelling on a subject Ǯ, ݺ After he had reminded me several times about what he had done for me, I told him to stop his harping on my indetedness to him. װ ߴ ̷, ׿ ý ׸ Ͽ. [+] iteration, reiteration" harrow,"v. break up ground after plowing; torture ᷹ϴ; I don't want to harrow you at this time by asking you to recall the details of your unpleasant experience. ̹ ſ ߴ س 䱸ν ʴ. [+] afflict, torment; [-] assuage(޷)" hatch,"n. deck opening; lid covering a deck opening ġ; ġ Ѳ The latch on the hatch failed to catch, so the hatch remained unlatched. ɸ ʾƼ Ǯ ä ־." haughtiness,"n. pride; arrogance ڸ; I resent his haughtiness because he is no better than we are. װ 츮 ٰ ϱ ȭ . [+] disdain, hauteur, hubris, loftiness, superciliousness" hauteur,"n. haughtiness ǹ His snobbishness is obvious to all who witness his hauteur when he talks to those whom he considers his social inferiors. ȭ ϴ ǹ µ Ѻ װ ӹ ټ ִ. [+] arrogance, haughtiness, hubris, loftiness, superciliousness" hawser,"n. large rope The ship was tied to the pier by a hawser. ٷ εο ſ ־." hazardous,"a. dangerous Your occupation is too hazardous for insurance companies to consider your application. ʹ ؼ ȸ û ޾Ƶ ʴ ̴. [+] jeopardous, parilous, perilous" hazy,"a. slightly obscure; not clear; vague 帴; Ȱ In hazy weather, you cannot see the top of this mountain.; Because of the hazy weather, there were only a few sunbathers at the beach. 帰 ⸦ . [+] dim, indistinct, nebulous" heckler,"n. person who verbally harasses others ϴ The heckler kept interrupting the speaker with rude remarks. ϴ ν ߴܽ״." heedless,"a. inattentive / not noticing; disregarding / Although she should have been studying for the examination the next day, she spent her time before the TV set heedless of the passage of time. ; He drove on heedless of the warnings placed at the side of the road that it was dangerous. غ θ ߾ Կ ұϰ ׳ ð 𸣰 TV տ ð ´. ; ״ κ ϰ ߴ. [+] feckless" hegira,"n. flight, expecially Mohammed's flight from Mecca th Medina ; Ư ī ޵𳪷 ϸ Mohammed began his hegira when he was 53years old. ϸ 53 ī ޵𳪷 ߴ." herbivorous,"a. grain-eating ʽ Some herbivorous animals have two stomachs for digesting their food. ʽ ̸ ȭŰ 2 ִ." heretic,"n. person who maintains opinions contrary to the doctrines of the church ̱; ̴ She was punished by the Spanish Inquisition because she was a heretic. ׳ ̴ڿ Ǽҿ ó޾Ҵ. [+] dissentert" hermetically,"a. sealed by fusion so as to be airtight кϿ After these bandages are sterilized, they are placed in hermetically sealed containers. ش ҵ Ŀ ӿ ȴ." hermitage,"n. home of hermit , ܵ Even in his remote hermitage he could not escape completely from the world. ״ ܵ Ȱ ." heterogeneous,"a. gen(=kind) made up of different kinds / dissimilar / Heterogeneous group was assigned to the dorm. ; In heterogeneous groupings, we have an unassorted grouping, while in homogeneous groupings we have peopleor things which have common traits. 翡 ġ Ǿ. ; ܿ з ͵ ܿ Ư ̳ 繰 ȴ. [+] miscellaneous, multifarious, promiscuous" hibernal,"a. wintry ܿ Bears prepare for their long hibernal sleep by overeating. Ծ ν ܿῡ Ѵ." hibernate,"v. sleep throughout the winter ܿ ڴ Bears are one of the many species of animals that hibernate. ϴ ̴." hieroglyphic,"n. picture writing ?? The discovery of the Rosetta Stone enabled scholars to read the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. ? ߰ ڵ Ʈ ڸ ص ְ Ǿ." hilarity,"n. boisterous mirth This hilarity is improper on this solemn day of mourning. ̷ ȯ ֵ ϴ ʴ. [+] jocularity, jocundity, jollity, joviality" hindmost,"a. furthest behind The coward could always be found in the hindmost lines whenever a battle was being waged. ̴ ʿ ־. [+] terminal, ultimate" hindrance,"n. block; obstacle Stalled cars along the highway are a hindrance to traffic that tow trucks should remove without delay. ӵο 뿡 ذ ǹǷ ġ߸ Ѵ. [+] encumbrace, impedance, impediment" hireling,"n. one who serves for hire (usually contemptously) ( ǥ) ָ ̵ ϴ In a matter of such importance, I do not wish to deal with hirelings; I must meet with the chief. ׷ ߿ ΰ ε ϰ ʴ. ڴ." hirsute,"a. hairy He was a hirsute individual with a heavy black beard. ״ μ к." hoax,"n. trick; practical joke; a trick ̱; 峭 Embarrassed by the hoax, he reddened and left the room.; News of an unidentified flying object was a hoax. ״ 峭 Ȳؼ . [+] deceit, fraud, phony" hogshead,"n. large barrel ū On the trip to England, the ship carried munitions; on its return trip, hogsheads filled with French wines and Scotch liquors. 濡 ǰ ư ƿ 濡 ū 鿡 Ҷ ֿ Ʋ ֵ ä Դ." holocaust,"n. destruction by fire; widespread destruction, usually by fire ı; ū Citizens of San Francisco remember that the destruction of the city was caused not by the earthquake but the holocaust that followed.; Teams of volunteers are still batting fires from yesterday's holocaust; meanwhile the death toll has risen to sixty. ý ùε ı ƴ϶ մ ȭ翡 Ѵ. [+] inferno" holster,"n. pistol case Even when he was not in uniform, he carried a holster and pistol under his arm. ״ ܵ̿ Ѱ ٳ." homeostasis,"n. tendency of a system to maintain relative stability ׻(ü ׻ Ϸ Ӽ) A breakdown of the body's immune system severely undermines the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. 鿪 ü谡 رǸ ׻ ִ ɷ ɰϰ ջȴ." homespun,"a. domestic; made at home §; Homespun wit like homespun cloth was often coarse and plain. § õó õ Ʈ ĥ ̰ ." hone,"v. sharpen īӰ ϴ, To make shaving easier, he honed his razor with great care. 鵵 ϱ ؼ ״ 鵵Į ؼ Ҵ. [+] edge, whet" hoodwink,"v. deceive; delude ̴; ⸸ϴ Having been hoodwinked once by the fast-talking salesman, he was extremely cautious when he went to purchase a used car. ״ âϰ ϴ ǿ ѹ ־ ߰ Ϸ ߴ. [+] chicane, hoax; [-] disabuse(̸ )" horde,"n. crowd , Just before Christmas the stores are filled with hordes of shoppers. ź ӹϸ մ . [+] multitude" hortatory,"a. encouraging; exhortive ݷϴ; ǰϴ The crowd listened to his hortatory statements with ever-growing excitement; finally they rushed from the hall to carry out his suggestions. ߵ ˱ϴ . ׸ ħ Ǹ ϱ . [+] persuasive, recommendatory" horticultural,"a. pertaining to cultivation of gardens When he bought his house, he began to look for flowers and decorative shrubs, and began to read books dealing with horticultural matters. ״ ɰ Ŀ ϱ å ϱ ߴ." hostelry,"n. inn Travelers interested in economy should stay at hostelries and pensions rather fashionable hotels. ϰ ϴ ఴ ޽ ȣں ϼ ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] hostel, lodge" hover,"v. hang about; wait nearby ȸϴ, ɵ. / Ÿ; ߿ ϴ The police helicopter hovered above the accident. ︮Ͱ ȸϿ. [+] float, poise" hoyden,"n. boisterous girl ó, Although she is now a hoyden, I am sure she will outgrow her tomboyish ways and quiet down. ڶ  Ǹ ׳ ̶ ȮѴ. [+] tomboy" hubbub,"n. confused uproar; noise; confusion The marketplace was a scene of hubbub and excitement; in all the noise, we could not distinguish particular voices.; His opening comment caused such a hubbub that he had to wait until the noise subsided to continue his lecture. Ҷ ̾. ò Ҹ ӿ Ҹ ϱ ƴ. [+] commotion, clamor, pandemoium, tumult, turmoil, uproar" hue and cry,"n. outcry , Լ When her purse was snatched, she raised such a hue and cry that the thief was captured. ׳ Ҹġ ." humane,"a. kind ģ / ں His humane and considerate treatment of the unfortunate endeared him to all. ״ 鿡 ģϰ ؽ Ƽ ׸ ߴ. [+] altruistic, benevolent, charitable, humanitarian, philanthropic" humdrum,"a. dull; monotonous ; ο, After his years of adventure, he could not settle down to a humdrum existence. Ⱓ 迡 Ȱ Ŀ ״ ο Ȱ . [+] pedestrian, prosaic, routine, tiresome" humid,"a. damp She could not stand the humid climate and moved to a drier area. ׳ ٽ ĸ ߵ ̻縦 . [+] dank" humility,"n. humbleness of spirit He spoke with a humility and lack of pride that impressed his listeners. װ ϰ ʰ ûߵ鿡 ȣ ־. [+] courtesy, modesty" hummock,"n. small hill The ascent of the hummock is not difficult and the view from the hilltop is ample reward for the effort. ʴ. ׸ ⿡ ȴ. [+] knoll" humus,"n. substance formed by decaying vegetable matter ν In order to improve his garden, he spread humus over his lawn and flower beds. ״ ϱ Ͽ ܵ ȭ ν並 ѷȴ." hustings,"n. meetings particularly to choose candidates ߹ǥȸ He accumulated his small fortune by diligence and husbandry. ״ ٸ ˾ Ҵ." hybrid,"n. mongrel; mixed breed Mendel's formula explains the appearance of hybrids and pure species in breeding. ൨ Ģ ⿡ Ѵ. [+] crossbreed" hydrophobia,"n. phob(=fear) rabies, disease marked by strong contractions of the muscles of the throat and consequent inability to drink water / fear of water ߺ, One of the symptoms of hydrophobia is inability to swallow water. ; A dog that bites a human being must be observed for symptoms of hydrophobia.  ϳ ٴ ̴. ; ؼ ߺ ¡ĸ ؾ Ѵ." hyperborean,"a. situated in extreme north; arctic; cold غϿ ġϴ; ϱ; ſ ߿ The hyperborean blasts brought snow and ice to the countryside. ϱ dz ȮǾ. [+] chill, freezing, frigid, frozen" hypercritical,"a. cri(=to judge) too bemanding, finding too much to criticize / excessively exacting Ȥϴ / ġ ; She learned to disregard his hypercritical comments. ; You are hypercritical in your demands for perfection; we all make mistakes. ׳ Ȥ ϵ . ; Ϻ 䱸 ġ. 츮 δ Ǽ ִ. [+] cavillous, overcritical" hypochondriac,"n. chondr(=pulverize) one who suffers from morbid anxiety / person unduly worried about his health; worrier without cause about illness ȯ / ȯ; ߾ ϴ The hypochondriac loves to discuss his symptoms. ; The doctor prescribed chocolate pills for his patient who was a hypochondriac. ȯڴ ڱ ؼ ̾߱ ϱ⸦ Ѵ. ; ǻ ȯڿ ݸ ˾ ó ߴ." hypocritical,"a. pretending to be virtuous; deceiving I resent his hypocritical posing as a friend for I know he is interested only in his own advancement. װ ڱ ִٴ ˱ ģμ µ аѴ. [+] affected, pharisaic, sanctimonious" hypothecate,"v. mortgage; pledge as security ; 㺸 ִ I have no authority to hypothecate this property as security for the loan. ڸ ޱ 㺸 ." ichthyology,"n. study of fish Jacques Cousteau's programs about sea life have advanced the cause of ichthyology. ؾ ڽ ȹ Ⱑ Ǿ." icon,"n. religious image; idol ȭ; The icons on the walls of the church were painted in the 13th century. ȸ ȭ 13 ׷." iconoclastic,"a. attacking cherished traditions Ÿ George Bernard Shaw's iconoclastic plays often startled more conventional people. ν Ÿ ȸ ν ߴ." idiosyncratic,"a. private; peculiar to an individual ; ο Ư Such behavior is idiosyncratic; it is as easily identifiable as a signature. ׷ ൿ θ ٸ ̴. ŭ̳ ˾ƺ ִ. [+] characteristic, distinctive, peculiar" idolatry,"n. worship of idols; excessive admiration ; ģ Such idolatry of singers of country music is typical of the excessive enthusiasm of youth. ĭƮ ׷ ȭ ̵ ģ Ÿ. [+] adoration, idolization" igneous,"a. produced by fire; volcanic ; ȭ Lavam pumice, and other igneous rocks are found in great abundance around Mount Vesuvius near Naples. , 漮, ׸ Ÿ ȭϵ α ٿ콺 ǿ ߰ߵȴ. [+] plutonic" ignoble,"a. i < in(=not) + gno(=know) of low character ; mean ; of low birth / of lowly origin; unworthy , ; õ ; [»,]õ Far from being ignoble , his failure after making a valiant effort may serve as an inspiration to young people. ; this plan is inspired by ignoble motives and I must, therefore, oppose it. д õ ʰ ̵鿡 ڱ ̿ ִ. ; ȹ õ ⿡ ̶ װͿ ݴϰ Ѵ. [+] humble" ignominious,"a. i < in(=not) + gno(=know) bringing contempt, disgrace, shame ; dishonorable / disgraceful ġ,â ; Ҹ Can you imagine anything more ignominious than standing there on the stage, before hundreds of people, utterly unable to remember the next line! ; The country smarted under the ignominious defeat and dreamed of the day when it would be victorious. ûߵ ͺ âǽ ֽϱ? ; ġ й踦 ϸ鼭 ¸ ޲پ. [+] dishonorable, disreputable" illimitable,"a. infinite The defense attorney claimed that the police had entrapped his client; that is, they had elicited the illicit action of which they now accused him. ǰ ȣ ǰ ߷ȴٰ ߴ. , ׸ ҹ ൿ ϵ ߴٴ ̴. [+] criminal, illegitimate" illusion,"n. il < in(=on) + lus/lud(=play, laugh) the seeing of something that does not really exist ; false idea or belief / misleading vision ȯ, ȯ ߸ ; , ; ȯ Has it ever occurred to you that your belief that you are a superior person and a natural leader may be no more than an illusion . ; It is easy to create an optical illusion in which lines of equal length appear different. ̰ õ ڶ ϰ ִ ȯ ʴ´ٴ غ ֽϱ? ; ٸ ð Ű . [+] hallucination, mirage" illusive,"a. deceiving ̴ This is only a mirage; let us not be fooled by its illusive effect. ̰ ȯ ̴. ȿ 츮 . [+] illusory" illusory,"a. deceptive; not real ȯ, Ű ϴ; Unfortunately, the costs of running the lemonade stand were so high that Tom's profits proved illusory. ̵ ĵ带 ϴ ʹ  ٴ ̾. [+] chimerical, fanciful, fantastic, flctional, fictitious, suppositious, supposititious" imbalance,"n. lack of balance or symmety; disproportion ұ Because of the great imbalance between the number of men and women invited, the dance was unsuccessful. ʴ Ŀٶ ұ ȸ ߴ. [+] asymmetry,inequality" imbecility,"n. weakness of mind ; I am amazed at the imbecility of the readers of these trashy magazines. ̷ ý д ڵ  . [+] idiot" imbibe,"v. im < in(=in, into) + bib(=drink) drink ; take in ; take into the mind and keep, as ideas, principles, etc. / drink in ô ; ϴ ; << >>޾Ƶ̴ / ϴ Without actually understanding much of what she was saying, the audience seemed to imbibe her optimism and vigor. ; The dry soil imbibed the rain quickly. ׳డ ϴ κ ϸ鼭 ûߵ ׳ õ µ Ȱ⸸ ޾Ƶ̴ Ҵ. ; 绡 Ѵ. [+] absorb, assimilate, integrate" imbroglio,"n. a complicated situation; perplexity; entanglement ; б; ھ He was called in to untangle the imbroglio but failed to bring harmony to the situation. ״ ȥ Ȳ Ÿϱ Ͽ ȯǾ Ȳ ȭ ߴ." imbrue,"v. drench, stain, especially with blood ; ̴ As the instigator of this heinous murder, he is as much imbrued in blood as the actual assassin. ؾ ڷμ ״ ϻڸŭ Ƿ ." immobility,"n. state of being immovable Modern armies cannot afford the luxury of immobility, as they are vulnerable to attack while standing still. ó ӹ ݹޱ Ƿ ̵ ġǰ . [+] stasis" immolate,"v. im < in(=on) + mol(=grain, heap, grind) kill as an offering ; sacrifice one thing to another / offer as a sacrifice μ ̴ ; ġ / ġ What a shock it was for her to discover the unworthiness of the cause for which she had immolated her youth, her talents, and her hopes of happiness. ; The tribal king offered to immolate his daughter to quiet the angry gods. ׳ û,,׸ ູ ģ ǰ ġ ߰ ׳࿡ 󸶳 ū ̾? ; ޷ ƴ. [+] sacrifice, victimize" immune,"a. exempt 鿪; He was fortunately immune from the disease and could take care of the sick. ེԵ ״ 鿪Ǿ ־ ȯڵ ־. [+] exempt; [-] having no resistance( )" immure,"v. im < in(=in) + mur(=wall) shut up within or as within walls ; imprison, confine, seclude / shut up in confinement ϴ ; δ, Ʋ / Ű; ݽŰ How can young people hope to become mature, self-reliant adults if they immure themselves in a home environment that is so comfortable and protective? ; For the two weeks before the examination, the student immured himself in his room and concentrated upon his studies. ׷ ϰ ȣ ޴ ̶ ׵θ Ʋٸ ̵  ϰ ڸϴ DZ⸦ ٶ ְڴ°? ; л ڱ 濡 Ʋ ο ߴ. [+] confine, constrain, incarcerate" impair,"v. im < in(=not) + pair < par(=equal) damage ; make worse or less, weaker / worsen; diminish in value ջϴ ; <<ġ, , >>̴, ȭŰ / ġ; ġ ϴ Are you suggesting that the mere fact that he is below averge height wuold impair his ability to serve as class president. ; This arrest will impair her reputation in the community. װ ս ϶ ܼ װ ִ ɷ¿ ջ ȴٴ Դϱ? ; ȸ ׳ ջ ̴. [+] blemish, injure, mar, spoil, tarnish, vitiate" impale,"v. pierce ȴ He was impaled by the spear hurled by his adversary. ״ â Ծ. [+] perforate, prick, puncture" impalpable,"a. imperceptible; intangible ν ; The ash is so fine that it is impalpable to the touch but it can be seen as a fine layer covering the window ledge. ʹ ̼Ͽ . ׷ â ݿ δ ִ. [+] imperceptible, indiscernible, unpercievable" impassive,"a. im < in(=not) + pas (=feel, suffer) showing no sign of feeling ; unmoved / without feeling; not affected by pain ̾ ; / ; ʴ Psychologists tell us that people who seem to be unusually impassive are often the ones most likely to lose emotional control of themselves in times of stress. ; The American Indian has been incorrectly depicted as an impassive individual, undemonstrative and stoical. ſ ô ̴ 鵵 ڽſ ұ ̶ ɸڵ ߴ. ; Ƹ޸ī ε ϰ ϸ ݿ ̶ ߸ Ǿ Դ. [+] apathetic; [-] overwrought(ʹ )" impediment,"n. im < in(=in) + ped(=foot) a thing which hinders ; an obstacle ; a defect in speech / hindrance; stumbling- block ; ; / No matter how well qualified you may be, inability to get on well with other people will prove a serious impediment in any field of work. ; She had speech impediment that prevented her speaking clearly. ƹ Ǹ ߰ ִٰ ϴ ٸ ϸ  о Ͽ ־ ɰ ̴. ; ׳ ظ ޾Ҵ. [+] hamper, obstacle, obstruction" impenitent,"a. not repentant ȸ ʴ We could see by his brazen attitude that he was impenitent. 츮 µ װ ġ ʾҴٴ ־. [+] remorseless, uncontrite, unrepentant" imperious,"a. im < in(=in, intensive) + per < par(=arrange) commanding ; haughty ; arrogant ; urgent / domineering ; ; ǹ ; , / , Ÿ His tone of voice was so imperious that I wasn't sure if he was asking me for a loan or demanding payment of tribute. ; His imperiousness indicated that he had long been accustomed to assuming command. ſ ؼ װ ޶ Źϴ° 䱸ϴ° Ȯ . ; װ ǹ ϴµ 鿩 ־. [+] haughtiness, hauteur, hubris, loftiness, superciliousness" imperiousness,"n. lordiness; domineering manner; arrogance , Ÿ His imperiousness indicated that he had long been accustomed to assuming command. װ ǹ ϴµ 鿩 ־. [+] haughtiness, hauteur, hubris, loftiness, superciliousness" impermeable,"a. impervious; not permitting passage through its substance ʴ; ħ This new material is impermeable to liquids. ο ü ʴ´. [+] impassable, impenetrable, imperviable, unpierceable; [-] porous()" impertinent,"a. insolent , I regard your remarks as impertinent and I resent them. ߾ ǹٰ װͿ аѴ. [+] audacious, bold, brazen, contumelious, saucy" imperturbability,"n. calmness ħ We are impressed by his imperturbability in this critical moment and are calmed by it. 츮 ħԿ ޾ . [+] composurer, equanimity, phlegm, sangfroid" imperturbable,"a. im < in(=not) + per(=intensive) + turb(=agitate) not capable of being excited ; calm / placid ʴ ; ,¿ / ; I'm not sure if Tom's imperturbable spirit is due to toughness or to sheer inability to understand the dangers of the situation. ; He remained imperturbable and in full command of the situation in spite of the hysteria and panic all around him. Tom ¿ Ⱑ Կ ϴ ƴϸ Ȳ Ͻ Ȯ 𸣰ڴ. ; ׸ ӿ ұϰ ״ ħϰ ¸ ߴ. [+] composed, tranquil" impetus,"n. im < in(=in) + pet(=rush) force with which a body moves ; impulse ; driving force / moving force ̴ , ; ڱ ; ; / ; News of famine in various parts of the world has given added impetus to the drive to increase food production. ; It is a miracle that there were any survivors since the two automobiles that collided were traveling with great impetus. ٿ ķ ڴ  ϳ ڱ ־. ; 浹 ڵ ӵ ޸ ־ ڰ ־ٴ ̴. [+] impulse" impiety,"n. irreverence; wickedness ; We must regard your blasphemy as an act of impiety. 츮 ż Ұ ۿ . [+] irreverence, profanity" impinge,"v. infringe; touch; collide with , ϴ, 浹ϴ How could they be married without impinging on one another's freedom?  ׵ ħ ȥ ־? [+] contravene, encroach, trespass, violate" impious,"a. irreverent Ұ The congregation was offended by her impious remarks. Ұ潺 ߾ ȭ . [+] profane, unhallowed, unholy" implacable,"a. im < in(=not) + plac(=soothe, peace, please) that cannot be appeased ; relentless / incapable of being pacified ޷ , ȭŰ ; ں ; / ޷ ; ȭϱ As he watched his house go up in flames, he felt that he was the victim of an implacable fate. ; Madame Defarge was the implacable enemy of the Evermonde family. ȭ ۽̴ Ѻ鼭 ״ ڱⰡ ں . ; ĸ 극 ȭ ̴. [+] unappeasable" implausible,"a. unlikely; nubeliebable ϱ , Ұ Though her alibi seemed implausible, it in fact turned out oto be true. ׳ ˸̴ ϱ ʾ װ ̾. [+] inconceivable, incredible, unconceivable" implicit,"a. understood but not stated / ; It is implicit that you will come to our aid if we are attacked. 츮 и 츮 췯 ̴. [+] implied, tacit" imply,"v. im < in(=in) + ply(=fold) give or make a suggestion ; involve the truth of something not definitely stated / suggest a meaning not expressed; signify; to suggest ǹϴ, Ͻϴ ; ϴ, ϴ Although I have emphasized your failures, I certainly do not mean to imply that you are incapable of doing good work. ; Even though your statement does not declare that you are at war with that country, your actions imply that is the actual situation.; Although he did not say so directly, he implied that he would be able to help us. и ׷ٰ ִ ɷ ٴ ǹ̴ ƴϾ. ; ȭ ¶ ν Ÿ ʾ ൿ װ ̶ ִ. [+] allude, connote, insinuate, intimate" impolitic,"a. not wise , I think it is impolitic to raise this issue at the present time because the public is too angry. ε ſ ȭ ֱ ŷϴ μ ġ ̶ Ѵ. [+] imprudent, indiscreet, injudicious" imponderable,"a. weightless ԰ ,ſ I can eval!uate the data gathered in this study; the imponderable items are not so easily analyzed. ڷḦ ִ. ͵ м ʴ." import!,"n. significance ǹ,߿伺 / ϴ; ǹϴ; ; I feel that you have not grasped the full import! of the message sent to us by the enemy. 츮 ޽ ߿伺 ľ ߴٰ Ѵ. [+] consequence, importance, magnitude, moment" import!unate,"a. urging; demandng ; He tried to hide from his import!unate creditors until his allowance arrived. äڵ ״ ߴ. [+] imperative" import!une,"v. im < in(=in, into) + port(=carry) beg urgently and repeatedly / beg earnestly ,ġٴŸ / I don't know which is more painful to have to ask someone else for a favor, or to have some unfortunate person import!une me for help. ; I must import!une you to work for peace at this time. ٸ ȣǸ Źϴ Ͱ  ʹ޶ 뽺 𸣰ڴ. ; μ ̷ ñ⿡ ȭ Ź ۿ . [+] beseech, crave, implore, plead, supplicate" imposture,"n. assuming a false identity; masquerade She was imprisoned for her imposture of a doctor. ׳ ǻ ⸦ ļ ӵǾ. [+] counterfeit, deceit, deception, fraud, hoax, phony" imprecate,"v. curse; pray that evil will befall ϴ; ⸦ To imprecate Hitler's atrocities is not enough; we must insure against any future practice of genocide. Ʋ ܾǻ ָ ġ ʴ. 츮 ̷  л絵 Ͼ ʵ ؾ Ѵ. [+] damn, execrate" imprimatur,"n. permission to print or publish a book ΰ The publication of the book was delayed until the imprimatur of the State Education Committee was granted. å ȸ ΰ Ǿ. [+] allowance, authorization" impropriety,"n. state of being inappropriate Because of the impropriety of his costume, he was denied entrance into the dining room. ״ Ͽ Ĵ翡  ߴ. [+] unfitness, unsuitability" improvident,"a. im < in(=not) + pro(=before, forth) + vid(=look) not looking to future needs ; wasteful / thriftless ; ʴ, It is a commonplace of human experience that most improvident young people do not become aware of their folly until they are no longer young. ; He was constantly being warned to mend his improvident ways and begin to ""save for a rainy day."" κ ʴ ̵ İ ׵  ˰ԵǴ ΰ ̴. ; ״ ʴ Ȱ ٲٰ ' ؼ ϶' ޾Ҵ. [+] extravagant, lavish, prodigal, profligate, unthrifty" imprudent,"a. lacking caution; injudicious It is imprudent to exercise vigorously and become overheated when you are unwell. ǰ ϰ ϰ ΰ ϴ ϴ. [+] extravagent, lavish, prodigal, profligate, unthrifty" imputation,"n. charge; repraoch ; ¢; å You cannot ignore the imputations in his speech that you are the guilty party. װ ſ ߸ ִٴ ؼ ȵȴ. [+] reproof" impute,"v. attribute; ascribe - ; - ſ ϴ If I wished to impute blame to the officers in charge of this program, I would come out and state it definitely and without hesitation. ȹ ϴ ;ٸ ʰ װ Ȯ 巯 ̴." inadvertence,"n. oversight; carelessness ; Ǽ By inadvertence, he omitted two questions on the examination. ״ Ƿ ΰ 蹮 ߷ ȴ. [-] careful attention(ɼ)" inadvertently,"e. carelessly; unintentionally; by oversight Ƿ, Ǽ She inadvertently omitted two questions on the examination and mismarked her answer sheet. ׳ 迡 Ƿ ߷ ߸ ǥߴ. [+] accidentally,adventitiously" inanimate,"a. in(=not) + anim(=life, mind, breath) lifeless ; without animal life ; spiritless ; dull ; ; ȰⰡ ; In the hands of the great sculptor, the lump of inanimate clay seemed to take on all the attributes of a living thing. ; She was asked to identify the still and inanimate body. տ  뵢̵ Ӽ Ǵ . ; ׳ Ͱ ü ޾Ҵ. [+] defunct, inert, inorganic" inarticulate,"a. speechless; producing indistinct speech ȣ; ȶ ϴ He became inarticulate with rage and uttered sounds without meaning. ״ г иġ ʾ ǹ Ҹ . [+] indistinct" incapacitate,"v. disable ɷϰ ϴ During the winter, many people were incapacitated by respiratory ailments. ܿ£ ȣ ȯ ȭȴ. [+] disqualify" incarcerate,"v. imprison ϴ The warden will incarcerate the felon after conviction. Ŀ ǹ ̴. [+] confine, constrain, immure" incarnadine,"v. stain crimson or blood-color Ӱ ̴ After killing Duncan, Macbeth cries that his hands are so bloodstained that they would ""the multitudinous seas incarnadine."" ĭ ߺ յ Ƿ  "" ٴٰ Ƿ ."" Ҹģ." incarnate,"a. endowed with flesh; personified ; ȭ Your attitude is so fiendish that you must be a devil incarnate. µ ʹ Ͽ Ǹ ȭӿ Ʋ." incentive,"n. in(=in, on) + cent(=sing) that which incites, rouses, or encourages a person / spur; motive , , ڱ; ڱ,; ڱ,ο The possibility of getting an summer job in an air-conditioned office is all the incentive I need to improve my typing. ; Students who dislike school must be given an incentive to learn. ; Students who dislke school must be given an incentive to learn. ùġ 繫ǿ ڸ ִٴ ɼ Ÿڱ ̱ ʿ ϴ ̴. ; б ⸦ Ⱦϴ лԴ н ⸦ ɾ־ Ѵ. ; б ⸦ Ⱦϴ лԴ н ⸦ ɾ ־ Ѵ. [+] goad, impulse, incitement, motive, spur, stimulant, stimulus, goad, impulse, incitement, motive, spur, stimulant, stimulus" inchoate,"a. recently begun; rudimentary; elementary ; ̹ߴ; ʺ Before the Creation, the world was an inchoate mass. õ â . [+] embryonic, undeveloped; [-] fully formed( ); [-] explicit(); [-] completely formed( ); [-] fully realized( ݴ)" incidence,"n. falling on a body; a casual occurrence; rate of occurrence ; 쿬 ߻; Health professionals expressed great concern over the high incidence of infant mortality in major urban areas. ǰ ֿ ִ ū Ÿ´. [+] frequency" incidental,"a. not essential; minor; of lesser importance; secondary 쿬, / μ The scholarship covered his major expenses at college and some of his incidental expenses as well.; Besides tuition and books, you will need about one hundred dollars for incidental expenses. б п ʿ ְ ƴ϶ Ϻε ߴ. [+] accidental, fortuitous" incite,"v. in(=in, on) + cit(=arouse, call) stir up, rouse / arouse to action ڱϴ, ϴ We learned from the TV flim that Spartacus was a Roman gladiator who incited his fellow slaves to armed rebellion. ; The demagogue incited the mob to take action into its own hands. Spartacus 뿹 ؼ ݶ Ű θ 츮 TVȭ ˾Ҵ. ; ؼ ġ ϵ ߴ. [+] abet, foment, instigate, provoke, stir" inclement,"a. stormy; unkind ; ں I like to read a good book in inclement weather. 糪 缭 б⸦ Ѵ. [+] bitter, brutal, harsh, rigorous" incline,"n. slipe; slant , / ; ִ The architect recommended that the nursing home's ramp be rebuilt because its incline was too steep for wheelchairs. δ ü ٴϱ⿡ ʹ ĸ డ װ ٽ ߴ. [+] gradient, tilt" inclusive,"a. tending to include all / ϴ This meeting will run from January 10 to February 15 inclusive. 1 10Ͽ 2 15ϱ ӵ ̴. [+] comprehensive, overall" incognito,"a.e. in(=not) + co2. concealed under a disguised identity ; with an assumed name / with one's name, identity, etc. concealed / with identity concealed; using an assumed name ź , ; ͸ / ź , ͸ / ; Since her face is well known to movie fans all over the world, there would be no point in her traveling incognito . ; The monarch enjoyed traveling through the town incognito and mingling with the populace. ׳ 迡 ļ ȭҵ鿡 ˷ֱ ׳డ ź ϴ ǹ̰ ̴. ; ź ߰ ϸ鼭 鼺 ︮⸦ ߴ." incoherence,"n. lack of relevance; lack of intelligibility The bereaved father sobbed and stammered, caught up in the incoherence of his grief. ӴϿ 纰 ƹ Ұ . [+] inconsistency, irrationality" incommodious,"a. not spacious In their incommodious quarters, they had to improvise for closet space. ְ ׵ ӽú ߸ ߴ." incompatible,"a. inharmonious ݵǴ? The married couple argued incessantly and finally decided to separate because they were incompatible. ȥ κδ ȭ ߱ Ӿ ٰ ħ ϱ ߴ. [+] conflicting, disconsonant, discordant, discrepant, dissonant, incongruous, incongruent, inconsonant" incongruity,"n. lack of harmony; absurdity ︮ ; ȭ The incongruity of his wearing sneakers with formal attire amused the observers. 忡 ״Ͻȭ ž ︮ ʴ 忡 ־ ߴ." inconsequential,"a. in(=not) + con(=with) + sequ(=follow) inconsequent ; illogical ; not important / of trifling significance ϰ ; ; ߿ / ߿ That sum may seem inconsequential to you, but to me it is the difference between going away on a wonderful vacation and being utterly bored at home. ; Your objections are inconsequential and may be disregarded. ׼ ſԴ 𸣳 Դ ް ƴϸ ϰ ִ ̴. ; ݴ ʾƼ õ 𸥴. [+] inconsequent, inconsiderable, paltry" incontinent,"a. lacking self-restraint; licentious ; , His incontinent behavior off stage shocked many people and they refused to attend the plays and movies in which he appeared. ۿ ൿ ޾Ƽ װ ⿬ ȭ ʾҴ. [+] lascivious, lecherous, lewd, libertine, libidinous, lustful" incontrovertible,"a. in(=not) + contro < contra(=against) + vert(=turn) that cannot be disputed / indisputable / , What we need is not opinions or educated guesses, but incontrovertible proof that can stand up under the closet examination. ; We must yield to the incontrovertible evidence which you have presented and free your client. 츮 ʿ ϴ ǰ̳ ƴϸ 翡 ƿ ִ Ȯ ̴. ; Ÿ ޾Ƶ鿩 ȣ Ƿ Ǯ ְ Ѵ. [+] indisputable, indubitable, undisputable, unequivocal, unquestionable," incorporeal,"a. immaterial; without a material body ,; ü We must devote time to the needs of our incorporeal mind as well as our corporeal body. 츮 ü ƴ϶ 屸 Ű ð ؾ Ѵ." incredulity,"n. a tendency to disbelief ǽ Your incredulity in the face of all the evidence is hard to understand. ſ ұϰ ʴ ϱ ƴ. [+] unbelief" incredulous,"a. withholding belief; skeptical ǽɸ; ȸ The incredulous judge refused to accept the statement of the defendant. ǽ ǻ ǰ ޾Ƶ ʾҴ. [+] disbelieving, unbelieving" incriminate,"v. in(=in) + crimin(=guilty, fault, separate) accuse of a crime ; say that someone is guilty of wrongdoing ˸ ; [ƹ]˶ϴ / ϴ, ϴ If racial prejudice continues to exist in our community, we must all consider ourselves incriminated in this deplorable condition. ; The evidence gathered against the racketeers incriminates some high public officials as well. Ѵٸ 츮 ΰ ѽɽ Ȳ ˸ ִٰ ܾ Ѵ. ; ڸ ϱ ŵ鿡 ڵ鿡Ե ˰ 巯. [+] arraign, criminate, impeach, indict" incubate,"v. hatch; scheme ȭŰ; ϴ Inasmuch as our supply of electricity is cut off, we shall have to rely on the hens to incubate these eggs. ߴܵǸ ȭ ż鿡 ؾ߸ ̴." incubus,"n. in(=in, on) + cub(=lie) nightmare ; evil spirit supposed to lie on a sleeping person and weigh him down ; someone or something that oppresses one like a nightmare / burden; mental care; Ǹ ; ; ó []<<, ٰ >> / ; δ; Our goal as a nation and as a society must be to free ourselves completely of the incubus of racial prejudice. ; The incubus of financial worry helped bring on her nervous breakdown. μ ׸ ȸμ 츮 ǥ κ 츮ڽ عŰ ̾ Ѵ. ; δ ״ Ű ࿡ ɷȴ." incur,"v. bring upon oneself ɸ, ʷϴ; ó ޴ His parents refused to pay any future debts he might incur. θ ׷ ̷  ⸦ źߴ." indefatigable,"a. tireless ĥ 𸣴 He was indefatigable in his constant efforts to raise funds for the Red Cross. ״ Դ. [+] inexhaustible" indemnify,"v. make secure against loss; compensate for loss ϴ; ϴ The city will indemnify all home owners whose property is spoiled by this project. ȹ ظ ڵ鿡 ô ̴. [+] reimburse, remunerate" indenture,"v. bind as servant or apprentice to master ̸ ϴ Many immigrants could come to America only after they had indentured themselves for several years. ̹ڵ ̸ ̱ ־." indicative,"a. in(=in, to) + dic(=say) giving indications ; stating a fact or asking questions of fact / suggestive; implying Ÿ ; / Ͻϴ If those remarks are indicative of what we can expect in the period ahead, I don't think we'll be working here much longer. ; A lack of appetite may be indicative of a major mental or physical disorder. ׷ ο ô뿡 츮 ִ ϽѴٸ 츮 ̻ ⼭ ȴ. ; Ŀ Ǵ ü Ͻ 𸥴. [+] connotative, denotative" indigence,"n. poverty, indigent Neither the economists nor the political scientisis have found a way to wipe out the inequities of wealth and eliminate indigence from our society. ڵ ġڵ Ұ ְ 츮 ȸ ִ ߰ ߴ. [+] destitution, impecunious, impoverishness, penury; [-] wealth()" indignation,"n. anger at an injustice а, г He felt indignation at the ill-treatment of helpless animals. ״ ó쿡 г븦 . [+] fury, rage, resentment, wrath" indignity,"n. offensive or insulting treatment , Although he seemed to accept cheerfully the indignities heaped upon him, he was inwardly very angry. ״ ڱ⿡ ۺξ ѱ δ ſ ȭ . [+] affront, contumely, insult" indiscriminate,"a. in(=not) + dis(=apart) + crimin(=separate, guilty, crime) acting without care or taste / choosing at random; confused , , ġ / ʴ, к The furnishings in his apartment are supposed to be ""original"" and ""colorful"", but I think they are an indiscriminate collection of junk. ; She disapproved of her son's indiscriminate television viewing and decided to restrict him to educational programs. Ʈ ""¥""̰ ""ȭ"" ϱ⿡ ̰͵ ġµ ̴. ; ׳ Ƶ к TVû ϰ α׷ ؼ û ֵ Ͽ. [+] random" indisputable,"a. in(=not) + dis(=apart) + put(=think) that cannot be disputed ; unquestionable / too certain to be disputed ; / ݹ When he says that his analysis of energy problems is indisputable , all he means is that he's not willing to listen to anyone else's ideas. ; In the face of these indisputable statements, I withdraw my complaint. м ٰ װ ϴ ٴ ٸ ޾Ƶ ʰڴٴ ̴. ; ̷ Ȯ ǰϿ Ҹ ߴ. [+] indubitable, irrefutable, uncontrovertible, unquestionable" indissoluble,"a. permanent ص ʴ, ϴ The indissoluble bonds of marriage are all too often being dissolved. ȥ̶ ӵ ʹ ." indite,"v. write; compose ; ۹ϴ Cyrano indited many letters for Christian. ö ũ ؼ ." indolence,"n. laziness , He outgrew his youthful indolence to become a model of industry and alert!ness on the job. ״ ڶ ȸ ʰ ÿ Ͽ ־ ƴ Ǿ. [+] sloth, sluggishness" indomitable,"a. in(=not) + domit(=tame) + able(=capable of) unyielding ; that cannot be subdued or conquered / unconquerable ұ ; ų , / ʴ; ҿұ By 1781, George Washington's green recruits of a few years earlier had beed forged into an indomitable army. ; The founders of our country had indomitable willpower. 1781⿡ George Washington ռ ź ұ ߴ. ; 츮 DZ ̵ ұ ̾. [+] inconquerable, insuperable, insurmountable, invincible" indubitably,"a. beyond a doubt ǽ Because her argument was indubitably valid, the judge accepted it. ׳ ǽ Ƿ ǻ װ ޾Ƶ鿴." inductive,"a. pertaining to induction or proceeding from the specific to the genera ͳ The discovery of the planet Pluto is an excellent example of the results that can be obtained from inductive reasoning. ռ ߰ ͳ ߷ ִ ߿ Ǹ ." inebriety,"n. habitual intoxication ; Because of his inebriety, he was discharged from his position as family chauffeur. ״ ڰ μ ذߴ. [+] intoxication" ineffectual,"a. not effective; weak , , ҿ Because the candidate failed to get across his message to the public, his campaign was ineffectual. ĺ ߵ鿡 ޽ ϴµ ߱ ҿ Ǿ. [+] abortive, bootless, futile, ineffective, unproductual" inequity,"n. unfairness Ұ, Ұ In demanding equal pay for equal work, women protest the basic inequity of a system that allots grater financial rewards to men. Ͽ 䱸ϸ鼭 ڵ ڿ Ҵϴ ⺻ Ұ ߴ. [+] injustice, patiality" inertia,"n. state of being inert or indisposed to move Ȱ; Ȱ Our inertia in this matter may prove disastrous; we must move to aid our allies immediately. ־ 츮 ʷ ִ. 츮 ͱ ൿ ؾ Ѵ. [+] inactivity, stillness; [-] tendency to change motion(ȭϷ )" infallible,"a. in(=not) + fal (=err) incapable of making mistakes or doing wrong ; never failing / unerring Ʋ ʴ ; ʴ, Ȯ / ߸ , Ǽ , / Ʋ Phil is not too well informed on most matters but when it comes to big league baseball, he is all but infallible . ; We must remember that none of us is infallible; we all make mistakes. Phil κ 鿡 ؼ big league ߱տ ؼ Ʋʴ´ . ; 츮 츮 ߸ ٴ ؾ Ѵ. 츮 δ Ǽ ִ. [+] inerrable, inerrant" infantile,"a. childish; infant-like  , ġ When will he outgrow such infantile behavior? ״ ׷  ൿ  ̳? [+] immature, puerile" infernal,"a. pertaining to hell; devilish , Ǹ, ؾ They could think of no way to hinder his infernal scheme. ׵ ϵ ϴ  س . [+] demoniac, diabolic fiendish" infidel,"n. unbeliever ̱ The Saracens made war against the infidels. ε ̱ Ͽ ġ. [+] heathen, pagan" infirmity,"n. in(=not) + firm(=strong) the quality or state of being infirm,feebleness,weakness ; ailment ,, ; ,ȯ / Few things are more tragic than to see a great mind fall victim to a serious infirmity . ; Her greatest infirmity was lack of willpower. ڰ Ǵ ͺ . ; ū ϴٴ ̾. [+] Debility, feebleness, infirmness" inflated,"a. enlarged with air or gas; exaggerated ⳪ ä Ȯ, Ǭ; His claims about the new product were inflated; it did not work as well as he had promised. Żǰ ̾. װ װ ͸ŭ ۵ʾҴ. [+] bombastic, grandiloquent, magniloquent, tumid, turgid" ingenious,"a. clever , / ; Ҹ; ؾ he came up with an ingenious use for styrofoam packing balls. ״ Ƽǰ ä 뵵 ߴ. [+] adroit, dexterous, sleighty" ingenue,"n. an artless girl; an actress who plays such parts õ ҳ; õ ҳ࿪ Although she was forty, she still insisted that she be cast as an ingenue and refused to play more mature roles. ׳ 40 ̿ ұϰ õ 迪 ð ޶ ϸ鼭 źߴ." ingrate,"n. ungrateful person You are an ingrate since you have treated my gifts with scorn. Ҹ ± ö̴. [-] thankful person( )" inhibit,"v. in(=not) + hib < hab(=have, hold) hinder, restrain ; forbid / prohibit; ϴ, ϴ ; ϴ / ϴ; We all have aggressive impulses, but in most cases our early training and conditioning tend to inhibit the open expression! of them. ; The child was not inhibited in her responses. 츮 ΰ κ Ʒð ǥ ϴ ִ. ; ̴ ׳ ƹ ʾҴ. [+] ban, enjoin, forbid, interdict" iniquitous,"a. unjust; wicked ; I cannot approve of the iniquitous methods you used to gain your present position. . [+] immoral, reprobate, sinful, vicious" initiate,"v. begin; originate; receive into a group; to start; to begin ϴ / ϴ; ԽŰ The college is about to initiate a program in reducing math anxiety among students.; In his inauguration speech, the new dean promised to initiate many changes in the administration of the college. л п ٿֱ α׷ Ϸ Ѵ. [+] commence,inaugurate, launch" injurious,"a. harmful طο / Smoking cigarettes can be injurious to your health 踦 ǿ ǰ طӴ. [+] deleterious, detrimental, nocuous" inkling,"n. hint Ͻ This came as a complete surprise to me as I did not have the slightest inkling of your plans. ȹ ̶ Ͻø ߱ . [+] allusion, clue, implication, innuendo, insinuation, intimation" innovation,"n. in(=in) + nov(=new) the act or process of innovating ; something new that is introduced / change; introduction off something new; a change , ; , Ž , ȹ; Although we all recognize that threr must be changes, it is a mistake to think that every innovation is necessarily an improvement. ; She loved innovations just because they were new.; Some of the innovations on display at the World Science Fair will not be practical until the twenty-first century. ȭ ־ Ѵٴ 츮 ΰ ˰ ׷ٰ ݵ ̶ ϴ ߸̴. ; ׳ Ӵٴ ߴ. [+] novelty" inopportune,"a. in(=not) + op < ob(=toward) + port(=carry) coming or happening at a poor time ; not appropriate / untimely; poorly chosen ñⰡ ; / ñⰡ Coming at a time when I was flat brake, Molly's suggestion that we ""have a bite and go to the movies"" was highly inopportune . ; A rock concert is an inopportune setting for a quiet conversation. Ǭ Ǿ Molly ͼ ""Ļϰ ȭ̶ "" Ǵ ʾҴ . ; ܼƮ ȭ δ ġ ̴." inscrutable,"a. in(=not) + scrut(=examine) mysterious ; that cannot be understood or known / incomprehensible; not to be discovered Ұ ; Ҽ / , ߰ߵ I tried to make some sense out of the strange orders he had given us, but his plan and purpose remained utterly inscrutable . ; I fail to understand the reasons for your outlandish behavior; your motives are inscrutable. װ ̻ ɿ  ǹ̸ ã ȹ . ; ̻ ൿ . Ƹ . [+] arcane, mysterious, mystic" insensate,"a. without feeling She lay there as insensate as a log. ׳ 볪ó ϰ ű⿡ ־. [+] inanimate, insensible" insensible,"a. unconscious; unresponsive ϴ, Sherry and I are very different; at iomes when I would be covered with embarrassment, she seems insensible to shame. ſ ٸ. ȲԿ ο ׳ βϴµ ϴ. [+] callous, impassive, insensitive, inured" insolvency,"n. bankruptcy; lack of ability to repay debts Ļ; ä Ҵ When rumors that he was insolvent reached his creditors, they began to press him for payment of the money due them. װ Ļߴٴ ҹ äڵ鿡 ׵ ׿ з ϱ ߴ." insolvent,"a. backrupt; lacking money to pay Ļ, ɷ When rumors that he was insolvent reached his creditors, they began to press him rer payment of the money due them. װ Ļߴٴ ҹ äڵ鿡 ׵ ׿ з ϱ ߴ. [+] solvent" insomnia,"n. wakefulness; inability to sleep Ҹ He refused to join us in a midnight cup of coffee because he claimed it gave him insomnia. ĿǸ ø Ҹ ɸ ״ 츮 Բ ѹ߿ Ŀ ô ߴ. [+] insomnolence" insubordinate,"a. in(=not) + sub(=under) + ordin(=order) disobedient ; rebellious ʴ ; / ʴ, ϴ Even though you may think your supervisor is ""all wrong"", you won't be able to hold your job if you behave in an insubordinate way. ; The insubordinate private was confined to the barracks. "" ߸""̶ 𸣳 µ ൿϸ ڸ ̴. ; 纴 ߴ. [+] contumacious, insurgent, mutinous, rebellious" insularity,"n. narrow-mindedness; isolation The insularity of the islanders manifested itself in their suspicion of anything foreign. ܺο Ϳ ǽ Ȯ. [-] cosmopolitanism()" intangible,"a. in(=not) + tang(=touch) that cannot be touched ; insubstantial ; not easily grasped by the mind / not able to be perceived by touch; vague ; ; ľϱ / ν , Although faith and love may be intangible , they are just as real and just as powerful as a mountain, a factory, or a jet airplane. ; Though the financial benefits of his Oxford post wre meager, Lewis was drawn to it by its intagible rewards; prestige, intellectual freedom, the fellowship of his peers. ǿ ̶ װ , Ǵ Ʈ⳪ ̰ ̴. ; װ ٹϴ ü ̽ , , ׸ ü . [+] indiscernible, impalpable, imperseptible, insensible" integrate,"v. make whole; combine; make into one unit; to coordinate; to unite սŰ; ϴ / ü ϴ; ½Ű; ϴ She tried to integrate all their activities into one program.; It has been very difficult to integrate all of the local agencies into the national organization. ׳ ׵ Ȱ ϳ α׷ Ϸ ߴ. [+] combine, concatenate, conjoin" integrity,"n. in(=not) + tegr(=touch) quality of being honest and upright in character ; state or condition of being complete / wholeness; purity; uprightness , ; / ; / Ǽ A candidate for the highest office in the land should be above all a person of unshakable integrity . ; The beloved preacher was of great integrity. ϴ ٵ 鸲 ̾ Ѵ. ; ޴ ̾. [+] honesty; [-] incompleteness(ġ )" integument,"n. outer covering or skin The turtle takes advantage of its hard integument and hides within its shell when threatened. ź̴ ڽ ܴ Ǹ ̿Ͽ װ ȿ ´." intellect,"n. higher mental powers He thought college would develop his intellect. ״ ߴ޽ ָ ߴ. [+] intelligence" intelligentsia,"n. the intelligent and educated classes (often used derogatorily) İ She preferred discussions about sports and politics to the literary conversations of the intelligentsia. ׳ ȭ ġ ߴ." inter,"v. bury ϴ They are going to inter the body tomorrow at Broadlawn Cemetery. ׵ ηε己 ý ̴. [+] sepulcher" interdict,"v. prohibit; forbid ϴ; ϴ Civilized nations must interdict the use of nuclear weapons of we expect our society to live. 츮 ȸ Ƴ⸦ Ѵٸ 뱹 ٹ ؾ߸ ̴. [+] ban, enjoin, inhibit" interlocutory,"a. conversational; intermediate, not final ȭü; ߰; ƴ This interlocutory decree is only a temporary setback; the case has not been settled. ߰ ǰ Ͻ й ̴. ذ ʾҴ. [+] colloquial" interment,"n. burial Interment will take place in the church cemetery at 2 p.m. Wednesday. 2 ȸ ̴. [+] sepulture" internecine,"a. mutually destructive ̴ The rising death toll on both sides indicates the internecine nature of this conflict. ʿ þ ȣ ı Ư ִ ̴." interpolate,"v. insert between ̿ ִ She talked so much that I could not interpolate a single remark. ׳డ ؼ . [+] interject, interpose" interregnum,"n. period between two reigns Ⱓ, ġ Ⱓ Henry VIII desperately sought a male heir because he feared the civil strife that might occur if any prolonged interegnum succeeded his death.  8 İڸ ãҴµ װ Ŀ Ⱓ ȭ Ȥ η߱ ̴." interstices,"n. chinks; crevices ƴ; ° ƴ The mountain climber sought to obtain a foothold in the interstices of the cliff. 갡 ö ƴ ߴ. [+] breach, cleft, crack, fissure" intimidation,"n. fear A ruler who maintains his power by intimidation is bound to develop clandestine resistance. Ƿ ϴ ġڴ ҷŰ . [+] menace, threat" intransigence,"n. state of stubborn unwillingness to compromise Ÿ µ; Ÿ µ The intransigence of both parties in the dispute makes an early settlement almost impossible to obtain. £ ־ Ÿ µ Ÿ Ұߴ." intrinsically,"e. essentially; inherently; naturally; intrinsic , õ Although my grandmother's china has intrinsically little value, I shall always cherish it for the memories it evokes. ҸӴ ڱ ġ װ ҷŰ ׻ . [+] inherently, innately, naturally" introvert,"n. vert(=turn) one who is more interested in his own thoughts and feelings than in things outside himself / inclined to think more about oneself / one who is introspective / / The introvert seemed an unilikly candidate for public office. ; In his poetry, he reveals that he is an introvert by his intense interest in his own problems. ; In his poetry, he reveals that he is a introvert by his intense interest in his own problems. 缱 ʴ. ; ÿ ״ ڱ ڽ 鿡 ν Ÿ ִ. ; ÿ ״ ڱ ڽ 鿡 ν Ÿ ִ. [+] extrovert" intrude,"v. trespass; enter as an uninvited person; to be in the way; to be an obstacle ϴ; ϴ / о ִ; ϴ She hesitated to intrude on their conversation.; Please forgive me; I did not mean to intrude. ׳ ׵ ȭ ϱ⸦ ߴ. [+] encroach, entrench, infringe, interfere, intervene" intuition,"n. power of knowing without reasoning She claimed to know the truth by intuition. ׳ ȴٰ ߴ. [+] insight" inured,"a. accustomed; hardened ͼ; ܷõ She became inured to the Alaskan cold. ׳ ˷ī ͼ. [+] familiarized" invalidate,"v. in(=not) + val(=strong, worth) make invalid / weaken; destroy ȿϴ / ȿȭϴ, ȭŰ; ıϴ, öϴ, ϴ Because of Bob's repeated traffic violations, his driver's license has been invalidated . ; The relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will by claming that the deceased had not been in his right mind when he had signed the document. Bob ݺǴ 㰡 ҵǾ . ; ޾Ұų ģô ÿ ƴϾ ν ȿȭŰ ߴ. [+] abolish, abrogate, annihilate, annul, nullify" inveigh,"v. denounce; utter censure or invective ϴ; ̳ 弳 ϴ He inveighed against the demagoguery of the previous speaker and urged that the audience reject his philosophy as dangerous. ״ ռ ߰ ûߵ鿡 轺Ƿ ޾Ƶ ˱ߴ. [+] abuse" inveigle,"v. lead astray; wheedle Ȥϴ; ̴ She was inveigled into joining the club after an initial reluctance. ʱ⿡ ׳ ӾƼ ߿ Ŭ ϰ ȴ. [+] allure, bait, decoy, entice, lure, seduce, tempt; [-] request directly( Ҵ)" invert,"v. turn upside down or inside out Ųٷ ϴ, ڹٲٴ When he inverted his body in a hand stand, he felt the blood rush to his head. ״ Ӹ . [+] inverse, reverse, revert" invincible,"a. in(=not) + vinc(=conquer) too strong to be overcome or defeated / unconquerable , / غϱ Our basketball team with its well-planned attack, tight defence and 7-foot Dan playing center, proved all but invincible . ; Superman is invincible. ȹ ݰ ö ׸ 7Ʈ Wylinski ͷ ִٰ 츮 Ҷ 巯. ; ۸ ΰ̴. [+] impassable, indomitable, insuperable, unsurmountable" inviolability,"n. security from being destroyed, corrupted or profaned ; ż They respected the inviolability of her faith and did not try to change her manner of living. ׵ ׳ ž ؼ ׳ ٲٰ Ϸ ʾҴ." invulnerable,"a. in(=not) + vuln(=wound) that cannot be wounded or injured ; proof against attack / incapable of injury ó? ,һ ; [ǵ]ݿ ߵ / ó When I found myself flushed with anger, I realize that I was not so invulnerable to his bitter sarcasm as I had thought I was! ; Achilles was invulnerable except in his heel. ȭ ȭ ޾ƿö Ŷ ߴ ͸ŭ ߵ Ѵٴ ˾Ҵ. ; ų ߵڲġ ϰ ó ʴ´. [+] impregnable, inconquerable, indomitable, invincible, unconquerable, undefeatable" iota,"n. very small quantity ؼ She hadn't an iota of common sense. ׳ ݵ . [+] mite" irate,"a. angry ȭ, ݳ When John's mother found out that he had overdrawn his checking account for the third month in a row, she was so irate that she could scarcely speak to him. Ӵϴ 3 ؼ ǥ ¿ ʰ ˰ ʹ ȭ ׿ ̾. [+] furious" irksome,"a. repetitious; tedious ݺǴ; He found working on the assembly line irksome because of the monotony of the operation he had to perform. ״ ڱⰡ ؾ ϴ ο ο ϴ . [+] boresome, drudging, tedious, tiresome" ironical,"a. resulting in an unexpected and contrary manner ġ ʾҰų ݴ밡 Ǵ It is ironical that his success came when he least wanted it. װ ٶ ʾ Դٴ ̷ϴ." irony,"n. hidden sarcasm or satire ; dz; ݾ Gradually his listeners began to realize that the excessive praise he was lavishing was merely irony; he was actually denouncing his opponent. ûߵ װ ģ 簡 ̷Ͽ ˱ ߴ. ״ 븦 ϰ ־. [+] ridicule" irreconcilable,"a. incompatible; not able to be resolved ȭ ; ذ Because the separated couple were irreconcilable, the marriage counselor recommended a divorce. κδ ȭ ̷ ȥ ڴ ȥ ߴ. [+] inconformable, inconsistent, inharmonious" irrefragable,"a. not to be disproved; indisputable ; ݹ , , Ȯ The testimonies of the witnesses provide irrefragable proof that my client is innocent; I demand that he be released at once. ε Ҽ Ƿ ˶ Ÿ ־. װ DZ⸦ 䱸Ѵ. [+] indubitable, irrefutable, uncontrovertible, unquestionable" irrelevant,"a. ir < in(=not) + re(=again) + lev(=lift, light) not relevant ; not connected / not applicable; unrelated ; / / ; It is true that the population of the Soviet Union is slightly larger than our own, but that fact is irrelevant to the qestion of relative military strength. ; This statement is irrelevant and should be disregarded by the jury. ҷ α 츮 α ణ ٴ ̰ ʹ ϴ . ; ǰ ü Ƿ ɿ õǾ Ѵ. [+] inapplicable, inappropriate, unrelated" irremediable,"a. incurable; uncorrectable ġ; ĥ The error she made was irremediable; she could see no way to repair it. ׳డ Ǽ ų װ ĥ 浵 . [+] irrecoverable, irreparable" irreparable,"a. ir < in(=not) + re(=again) + par(=arrange) that cannot be repaired, mended, remedied, restored, etc. / not able to be corrected or repaired ĥ , ȸҼ / ȸ , ġ A practical diplomat must proceed on the assumption that no conflict of ideas or interests between nations, no matter how serious, is actually irreparable . ; Your apology cannot atone for the irreparable damage you have done to her reputation. Ǹ ܱ ̳ ذ ġ ƹ ɰϴ ִٴ ó Ѵ. ; ص ׳ ȸ ģ ؼ . [+] irrecoverable, irredeemable, irremediable" irrepressible,"a. unable to be restrained or held back , Her high spirits were irrepressible. ׳ ׷ ʾҴ. [+] insuppressible, irrestrainable" irresolute,"a. ir < in(=not) + re(=intensive) + solu/solv(=loosen) not resolute ; wavering in decision,purpose,or opinion ; hesitating / uncertain how to act; weak ܷ ; δ ; ̴ / ܷ , Tom was so irresolute about whether to go out for basketball or swimming that he ended by going out for neither. ; She had no respect for hm because he seemed weak-willed and irresolute. Tom 󱸸 Ϸ Ϸ ߱ ᱹ ʵ ʰ Ҵ. ; ׳ װ ɾϰ δܴ ʾҴ. [+] faltering, hesitant, vacillating" irreverent,"a. ir < in(=not) + re(=again) + ver(=feel awe) feeling or showing no respect for sacred things / lacking proper respect Ҽ, Ұ Is it irreverent of me to suggest that the ""great man"" may not be as great as he thinks he is? ; The worshippers resented her irreverent remarks about their faith. "" "" װ ϴ ŭ ƴ 𸥴ٰ Ѵٸ Ҽ ϱ? ; ڵ ڱ žӿ ׳డ ϰ ߾ ϰ . [+] impious, profane, unholy" isotope,"n. varying form of an element The study of the isotopes of uranium led to the development of the nuclear bomb. ź ҿ Ծ." iterate,"v. utter a second time; repeat Ǯ ϴ; ݺϴ I will iterate the warning I have previously given to you. ſ ߴ Ǯؼ ϰ Ѵ. [+] harp, reiterate" itinerary,"n. plan of a trip ȹ, ; ȹ; ǥ Before leaving for his first visit to France and England, he discussed his itinerary with people who had been there and with his travel agent. ù 湮 ռ ״ ű⿡ Ҵ ȳ dzߴ." jaded,"a. fatigued; surfeited ģ; He looked for exotic foods to stimulate his jaded appetite. ״ Ŀ ؼ ĵ ãҴ." jaundiced,"a. yellowed; prejudiced; envious Ȳ޿ ɸ; ; She gazed at the painting with jaundiced eyes; she knew it was better than hers. ׳ ȭ ߴ. ׸ ̰ ڱ ͺ ٴ ˾Ҵ. [+] biased, prepossessed" jaunty,"a. stylish; perky; carefree ںθ, ; , Ȱ she wore her beret at a jaunty angle. ׳ . [+] smart; gay, jocund, jolly, jovial" jejune,"a. lacking interest; barren; meager ; Ҹ; ,̰ The plot of the play is jejune and fails to capture the interest of the audience. û ߴ." jeopardy,"n. exposure to death or danger ; She cannot be placed in double jeopardy.; Many people put their lives in jeopardy every year by driving under the influence of alcohol. ׳ 迡 . [+] hazard, peril" jeremiad,"n. lament; complaint ź; His account of the event was a lengthy jeremiad, unrelieved by any light moments. ǿ  ӿ ؼ ȭ ʴ ̾. [+] lamentation" jettison,"v. throw overboard () ٴٷ In order to enable the ship to ride safely through the storm, the captain had to jettison much of his cargo. dz ӿ ظ ؼ ȭ ٴٿ ߴ. [+] abdicate, discard" jocose,"a. giving to joking 콺ν The salesman was so jocose that many of his customers suggested that he become a ""stand-up"" comic. ǿ ϵ ͻ¾Ƽ ܵ ϴ 찡 ׿ ߴ. [+] droll, facetious, humorous, jocular, ludicrous, witty" jocund,"a. merry Santa Claus is always vivacious and jocund. ŸŬν ̰ ϴ. [+] blithe" jollity,"n. gaiety; cheerfulness , ſ The festive Christmas dinner was a merry one, and old and young alike joined in the general jollity. ũ ̾. ̳ ̳ Ȱ ſ ߴ. [+] hilarity, jocularity, jocundity, joviality, mirth" jovial,"a. good-natured; merry , Ȱ A frown seemed out of place on his invariably jovial face. ׸ Ծ 󱼿 ︮ ʴ Ҵ. [+] blithe, bithesome, hestive, gay, jaunty, jocund, merry, mithful" juggernaut,"n. irresistible crushing force û ı Nothing could survive in the path of the juggernaut. û ı տ ־ ƹ͵ ." juncture,"n. crisis; joining point ; պ At this critical juncture, let us think carefully before determining the course we shall follow. ߴ ⿡ 츮 θ ϱ ռ غ. [+] emergency, exigency; connection, junction" junket,"n. a merry feast or picnic ; The opposition claimed that her trip to Europe was merely a political junket. ߴ ׳ ܼ ġ ̶ ߴ.. [+] jaunt" jurisprudence,"n. science of law He was more a student of jurisprudence than a practitioner of the law. ״ ȣ⺸ٴ ڿ." kaleidoscope,"n. tube in which patterns made by the reflection in mirrors ȭ People found a new source of entertainment while peering through the kaleidoscope; they found the ever-changing patterns fascinating. ȭ ο ߰ߴ. ׵ ϴ ͵ Ȥ ˾Ҵ." ken,"n. range of knowledge , þ I cannot answer your question since this matter is beyond my ken. ѱ . [+] cf. gamut (); purview, scope" kindred,"a. relate; similar in nature or character , Tom Sawyer and Hurck Finn were two kindred spirits. ҿ Ŭ ´ ι̾. [+] affiliated, cognate, consanguine" kiosk,"n. summerhouse; open pavilion ; She waited at the subway kiosk. ׳ ö ٷȴ." kismet,"n. fate Kismet is the Arabic word for ""fate."" 'Kismet' ϴ ƶ. [+] destiny, lot" kith,"n. familiar friends ϰģô He always helped both his kith and kin ״ ģ ģô Դ." kleptomaniac,"n. person who has a compulsive desire to steal ȯ They discovered that the wealthy customer was a kleptomaniac when they caught her stealing some cheap trinkets. α ġ ׵ ׳డ ׳డ ˾Ҵ." knavery,"n. rascality Ǵ簰 , We cannot condone such knavery in public officials. 츮 ׷ 뼭 . [+] cf. rascal (ҷ, Ǵ); ant. probity, uprightness" knead,"v. mix; work dough ϴ, ȥϴ Her hands grew strom kneading bread. ׳ ſ ưư. [+] intermingle" knell,"n. tolling of a bell at a funeral; sound of the funeral bell ; Ҹ ""The curfew tolls the knell of parting day."" ˸." knoll,"n. little round hill ߻, Robert Louis Stevenson's grave is on a knoll in Smoa. ι?̽ Ƽ콼 ձ ִ. [+] hummock" labile,"a. likely to change; unstable ϱ ; Ҿ Because the hormonal changes they undergo affect their spirits, adolescents may become emotionally labile and experiencce sudden shifts of mood. ȣ ȭ ſ ġ , ̴ Ҿ ۽ ȭ ϰ ȴ. [+] changeable, unsteady, inconstant; [-] stable()" lacerate,"v. mangle; tear ;  Her body was lacerated in the automobile crash. ׳ ڵ . [+] rend" lachrymose,"a. producing tears ھƳ His voice has a lachrymose quality which is more appropriate at a funeral than a class reunion. Ҹ ģȸ ʽĿ ︮ ִ. [+] lugubrious, mournful" lackadaisical,"a. affectedly languid ½, ǰ , ū He was lackadaisical and indifferent about his part in the affair. ״ Ͽ ҿ ϰ ʾҴ. [+] enervated, languorous, listless, dim" lackey,"n. footman; toady ; ÷ The duke was followed by his lackeys. ڸ ε ." laggard,"a. slow; sluggish ; ; The sailor had been taught not to be laggard in carrying out orders. ٹŸ ޾Ҵ. [+] dawdling, delaying, dilatory, loitering, procrastinating" lagniappe,"n. trifling present given to a customer (ǻ ִ) ǰ The butcher threw in some bones for the dog as a lagniappe. ٱ ǰ ־." lagoon,"n. shallow body of water near a sea; lake ; ȣ They enjoyed their swim in the calm lagoon. ׵ ޿ ." laity,"n. laymen; persons not connected with the clergy ŵ; ΰ The laity does not always understand the clergy's problems. ŵ Ѵ." lambent,"a. flickering; softly radiant  鸮; ε巴 They sat quietly before the lambent glow of the fireplace. ׵ Ÿ տ ɾ ־. [+] brilliant, effulgent, lucent, luminous, lustrous, radiant, refulgent" laminated,"a. made of thin plates or scales () The desk was covered with a sheet of laminated plastic. å öƽ ־." languor,"n. lassitude; depression ; His friends tried to overcome the languor into which he had fallen by taking him to parties and to the theater. ģ ׸ Ƽ 忡 ٴν װ ¸ غϵ Ϸ ֽ. [+] ennui, lassitude, listlessness, tedium, weariness" lank,"a. long and thin Lank, gaunt, Abraham Lincoln was a striking figure. ô ƺ λ ̾. [+] bony, lean skinny" lapidary,"n. worker in precious stones She employed a lapidary to cut the large diamond. ׳ ū ̾Ƹ带 ڸ ߴ." lassitude,"n. lass(=weary) tiredness ; state of being uninterested in things / languor; weariness ǰ, ; , / Ƿ Sometimes we feel lassitude on a hot summer day. ; The hot, tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged drowsiness. 츮 . ; ߰ſ Դ. [+] ennui, listlessness, tedium, weariness; [-] a feeling of vigor(Ȱ)" lateral,"a. coming from the side ; In order to get good plant growth, the gardener must pinch off all lateral shoots. Ĺ ڶ ϱ ᰡ ߶󳻾 Ѵ." latitude,"n. lat(=wide) distance north or south of the equator measured in degrees / freedom from narrow limitations / 緮 / He gave his son a wide latitude in his choice of college. ; I think you have permitted your son too much latitude in this matter. ״ Ƶ鿡 а ־. ; Ƶ鿡 ʹ ߴٰ Ѵ. [+] extent, range" laudable,"a. praiseworthy; commendable Ī His laudable deeds will be remembered by all whom he aided. Ī װ ־ 鿡 ̴. [+] admirable, praisable" laudatory,"a. expressing praise The critics' laudatory comments helped to make her a star. 򰡵 ׳డ Ÿ Ǵµ Ǿ. [+] encomiastic, eulogistic, laudative, panegyrical" lave,"v. wash Ĵ The running water will lave away all stains. 帣 ľ ̴. [+] bathe" leaven,"v. cause to rise or grow lighter; enliven ȿŰ As bread dough is leavened, it puffs up, expanding in volume. Ļ ȿ Ǹ鼭 âϰ ǰ ´. [+] ferment" lecherous,"a. impure in thought and act; lustful; unchaste ; ȣ; He is a lecherous and wicked old man. ״ ȣ̰ ̴." lechery,"n. gross lewdness; lustfulness ܼ; ȣ In his youth he led a life of lechery and debauchery; he did not mend his ways until middle age. ״ ϰ Ȱ ߴµ ߳ Ǿ Ȱ ĥ . [+] lasciviousness, pruriency" lectern,"n. reading desk The chaplain delivered his sermon from a hastily improvised lectern. ϰ ӽ÷ 뿡 ߴ." leeway,"n. room to move; margin , When you set a deadline, allow a little leeway. ణ ξ [+] scope, space" legend,"n. explanatory list of symbols on a map (ȭ, ) ؼ / The legnd at the bottom of the map made it clear which symbols stood for rest areas along the highway and which stood for public camp sites. ؿ ִ  ȣ ӵθ ġ ްԼ̸ ķ Ȯ ־." legerdemain,"n. sleight of hand The magician demonstrated his renowned legerdemain. ձ ־. [+] magic" leniency,"n. mildness; permissiveness ںο, , Considering the gravity of the offense, we were surprised by the leniency of the sentence. ߷ 츮 ǰ Կ . [+] clemency, forbearance, indulgence, mercifulness, tolerance" leonine,"a. like a lion He was leonine in his rage. ״ ݳϿ Ҵ." lesion,"n. unhealthy change in structure; injury (, ) ; ó, Many lesions are the result of disease. ִ . [+] damage, impairment" lethal,"a. deadly ġ It is unwise to leave lethal weapons where children may find them. ̵ ߰ ִ ġ ⸦ δ ϴ. [+] fatal, mortal, pestilential" lethargic,"a. drowsy; dull ȥ; The stuffy room made her lethargic. ؼ ׳ Դ. [+] comatose, torpid, dormant" levee,"n. earthen or stone embankment to prevent flooding As the river rose and theratened to overflow the levee, emergency workers rushed to reinforce the walls with sandbags. Ҿ Ϸ ָӴϷ ȭϱ ߴ. [+] bank" lewd,"a. lustful , , They found his lewd stories objectionable. ׵ ̾߱⿡ ߴ. [+] incontinent, lascivious, lecherous, libertine, libidnous, licentious" lexicographer,"n. compiler of a dictionary The new dictionary is the work of many lexicographers who spent years compiling and editing the work. ο? ڷḦ ϰ ϴµ Ⱓ ڵ ǰ̴." lexicon,"n. dictionary I cannot find this word in any lexicon in the library. ܾ ã ." liability,"n. drawback , å, ǹ her lack of an extensive vocabulary was a liability that she was able to overcome. ׳డ غ ־ ̾. [+] handicap; responsibility" libation,"n. drink , He offered a libation to the thirsty prisoner. ״ 񸶸 ˼ ־." libelous,"a. defamatory; injurious to the good name of a person Ѽ, ߻ϴ, ϴ H sued the newspaper because of its libelous story. ״ Ź縦 Ѽ 翡 Ҽ ´. [+] calumnious, detracting, detractory, maligning, slanderous, traducing, vilifying" libertine,"n. debauched person; roue ; Although she was aware of his reputation as a libertine, she felt she could reform him and help him break his dissolute way of life. ׳ μ ˰ ־ ׸ Ȱ ߴ. [+] profligate, voluptuary, wanton; [-] ascetic(ݿ)" libidinous,"a. lustful , ȣ, They objected to his libidinous behavior. ׵ ൿ Ⱦߴ. [+] incontinent, lascivious, lecherous, lewd, libertine, licentious" libido,"n. emotional urges behind human activity ; 浿 The psychiatrist maintained that suppression of the libido often resulted in maladjustment and neuroses. Ű ǻ ϸ Ű ɸ ȴٰ ߴ. [+] instinct" libretto,"n. text of an opera The composer of an opera's music is remembered more frequently than the author of its libretto. ۰ 뺻 £ ´." lieu,"n. instead of - They accepted his check in lieu of cash. ׵ ſ ǥ ޾Ҵ." ligneous,"a. like wood , Petrified wood may be ligneous in appearance, but it is stone-like in composition. ȭ ⿡ 鿡 ̴." lilliputian,"a. extremely small ſ The model was built on a lillputian scale. ſ Ը . [+] diminutive, minute" limber,"a. flexible , źִ Hours of ballet classes kept him limber. ߷ ϰ ش. [+] elastic, lissome, lite, lithesome, resilient, supple" limbo,"n. region near heaven or hell where certain souls are kept; a prison ȥ ӹ ; Among the divisions of Hell are Purgatory and Limbo. . [+] prison" limn,"v. portray; describe vividly ϴ; ϰ ׸ He was never satisfied with his attempts to limn her beauty on canvas. ״ ȭ Ƹٿ ׳ฦ ׸ õ . [+] delineate, depict, describe, render, represent" lineage,"n. descent; ancestry , He traced his lineage back to Mayflower days. ״ öȣ ô 踦 Ž ö󰬴. [+] pedigree" lineaments,"n. features of the face λ, She quickly sketched the lineaments of his face. ׳ ġߴ. [+] contour, delineatiion, figuration, outline" linguistic,"a. pertaining to language The modern tourist will encounter very little linguistic difficulty as English has become an almost universal language. డ   Ǿ Ƿ ̴. [+] philological" lionize,"v. treat as a celebrity Ѽ She enjoyed being lionized and adored by the public. ׳ ߵ ڱ⸦ Ѽ ϴ Ϳ ſ. [+] glorify, honor" liquidate,"v. settle accounts; clear up ϴ; ûϴ; óϴ He was able to liquidate all his debts in a short period of time. ״ ܱⰣ ä ־. [+] settle" lissom,"a. agile; lithe ø; As a young boy, he was lissom and graceful; he gave promise of developing into a fine athlete. ̷μ ״ øϰ ߴ. ״ Ǹ  ڴٴ ߴ." lithe,"a. flexible; supple ߳; Her figure was lithe and willowy. ׳ ܸ ϰ . [+] lissom(e), lithesome" litigation,"n. lawsuit Ҽ Try to settle this amicably; I do not want to start litigation. ϰ ذϵ ض. Ҽ ϰ ʴ. [+] suit" litotes,"n. understatement for emphasis To say, ""He little realizes,"" when we mean that he does not realize at all, is an example of the kind of understatement we call litotes. װ 'װ ϴ ' ϴ ." loathe,"v. detest; to hate; to detest Ⱦϴ We loathed the wicked villain.; She likes her job even though she loathes getting up early in the morning in order to work on time. 츮 Ⱦߴ. [+] abhor, abominate, execrate, hate" lode,"n. metal-bearing vein If this lode which we have discovered extends for any distance, we have found a fortune. 츮 ߰ ̶ ָ ִٸ 츮 ̴." lofty,"a.e. very high , ſ They used to tease him about his lofty ambitions. ׵ װ ߸ ߴ. [+] lower" loiter,"v. hand aroud; linger ϴ ð ϴ The policeman told him not to loiter in the alley. ׿ ް񿡼 Ÿ ߴ. [+] dally, dawdle, drag, lag, procrastinate" lope,"v. gallop slowly õõ ٴ As the horses loped along, we had an opportunity to admire the ever-changing scenery. õõ 츮 ȭ dz ȸ ־." lubricity,"n. slipperiness; evasiveness ̲; , ϱⰡ He exasperated the reporters by his lubricity; they could not pin him down to a definite answer. ״  ڵ ȴ ߴ. ᱹ ڵ ׸ . [+] elusiveness" lucent,"a. shining The moon's lucent rays silvered the river. ߴ." lucrative,"a. profitable ´ He turned his hobby into a lucrative profession. ״ ̸ ̰ Ǵ ۾ ٲپ. [+] remunerative" lucre,"n. money Preferring lucre to fame, he wrote stories of popular appeal. ״ ߱ ߿ α⸦ Ҽ ." lull,"n. moment of calm , Ұ Not wanting to get wet, they waited under the awning for a lull in the rain. ʾұ ׵ Ʒ ⸦ ٷȴ. [+] intermission; [-] intense discussion( )" lumber,"v. move heavily or clumsily ̰ ̴ Stil somewhat torpid after its long hibernation, the bear lumbered through the woods. Ŀ ټ Ͽ ̷ ̰ . [+] strudge; [-] glide( ҵǴ)" lunar,"a. pertaining to the moon Lunar craters can be plainly seen with the aid of a small telescope. ȭ ε ȴ." lupine,"a. like a wolf ù, , ̸ She was terrified of his fierce, lupine smile. ׳ 糪 ̸ ̼Ҹ ߴ." lurid,"a. wild; sensational ù, Ҹġ; The lurid stories he told shocked his listeners. װ ûڵ鿡 ־. [+] eerie, ghastly, grisly, gruesome, macabre" luscious,"a. pleasing to taste or smell ̷ο, ִ The ripe peach was luscious. ƴ ϰ . [+] appetizing, delicious, flavorsome, palatable" luster,"n. shine; gloss ; The soft luster of the silk in the dim light was pleasing. Һ ӿ ̴ ٻߴ. [+] glaze, polish" lustrous,"a. shining; bright; shinning Her large and lustrous eyes gave a touch of beauty to a otherwise drab face.; This shampoo is guaranteed to make your hair more lustrous than any other brand. ׳ ũ ׷ ʾҴ ο 󱼿 Ƹٿ Ʈ ش. [+] brilliant, effulgent, fulgent, lambent, lucent, luminous, radiant, refulgent" luxuriant,"a. fertile; abundant; ornate ; dz; ȭ Farming was easy in this luxuriant soil. Ǿ. [+] fecund, fertile, fruitful, prolific; exuberant, profuse, lavish, opulent, prodigal; decorated, ornamented" macerate,"v. waste away ϴ, ϴ Cancer macerated his body. . [+] emaciate; cf. lacerate ( , rend); [-] harden by drying( ܴϰ ϴ)" Machiavellian,"a. crafty; double-dealing Ȱ; I do not think he will be a good ambassador because he is not accustomed to the Machiavellian maneuverings of foreign diplomats. װ ܱ ܱ ɶ ٷµ ͼ ϹǷ 簡 δ ʴ´. [+] artful, cunning, shrewd, wily" machinations,"n. schemes å, I can see through your wily machinations. Ȱ ִ. [+] conspiracy, intrigue, plot" madrigal,"n. pastoral song His program of folk songs included several madrigals which he sang to the accompaniment of a lute. ο α׷ Ʈ ַ ҷ ϰ ־." maelstrom,"n. whirlpool ū ҿ뵹,ū ȥ The canoe was tossed about in the maelstrom. 볪 ū ҿ뵹 ӿ ̸ ȴ." magniloquent,"a. boastful; pompous dz; In their stories of the trial, the reporters ridiculed the magniloquent speeches of the attorney. ڵ 翡 ǰ ȣ ߴ. [+] bombastic, grandiloquent, swollen" magnitude,"n. greatness; extent ; ũ / 뷮; ߴ It is difficult to comprehend the magnitude of his crime. װ ũ⸦ Ƹ ƴ. [+] enormity, hugeness, immensity, tremendousness, vastness" maim,"v. mutilate; injure ; ó The hospital could not take care of all who had been wounded or maimed in the railroad accident. λ ԰ų ұ . [+] cripple" maladroit,"a. mal(=bad) + a(=to) + droit < rect(=straight, right) not adroit ; clumsy ; tactless / bungling ؾ ; ; ɾ / ; Steiner's effort to settle the differences between the two factions were so maladroit that what had begun as a rift became a yawning chasm. ; In his usual maladroit way, he managed to upset the cart and spill the food. ǰ̸ ذϷ Steiner ſ  ׸ ̷ ۵ ū ̷ . ; ״ ռ ξ. [+] gauche, unskillful" malcontent,"n.a. mal(=bad) + con(=together) + ten(=hold) a person who is not contented / discontented and inclined to rebel / person dissatisfied with existing state of affairs , ַ / ǰ, Ҹ, We may find malcontents annoying, but the fact is that they often serve as ""gadflies"" to bring about desirable change. ; He was one of the few malcontents in Congress; he constantly voiced his objections to the Presidential program. 츮 ׵ ٶ ȭ "" "" ش. ; ״ ȸ ڵ ̾. ׻ ȹ ݴ ǻ縦 ߴ. [+] complainer" malediction,"n. male < mal(=bad) + dict(=say) curse ; prayer to God that someone or somthing may be destroyed, hurt, etc ; Ǵ Blows with cudgels and missiles may fracture my skeletal structure, but maledictions will leave me unscathed. ; The witch uttered maledictions against her captors. ġ ڻ쳪 ó ̴. ; ڱ⸦ ü ָ ۺξ. [+] anathema, imprecation, malison" malefactor,"n. male < mal(=bad) + fact(=do, make) wrongdoer or criminal , , Shortly after the crime, the malefactor was apprehended and turned over to the police. ; We must try to bring these malefactors to justice. Ŀ üǾ Ѱ. ; 츮 ڵ óϵ ؾ Ѵ. [+] offender" malevolent,"a. male < mal(=bad) + vol(=will) wishing to do evil or cause harm to others ; spiteful / wishing evil ȵDZ⸦ ٶ ; ִ, 糪 Instead of blaming a malevolent fate for your failures, why not look for the causes within yourself? ; We must thwart his malevolent schemes. п ؼ ſ ڽſԼ ãƺ ? ; 츮 ǿ å Ѿ Ѵ. [+] malicious, malignant" malign,"v. speak evil of; defame; to slander ; ߻ϴ, ()طο, Ǽ Because of her hatred of the family, she maligns all who are friendly to them.; If she continues to malign the integrity of our company, we will sue her for slander. ׳ ׵ ģ . [+] asperse, calumniate, denigrate, libel, slander, traduce, vilify, decry" malignant,"a. mali < mal(=bad) + gn < gen(=birth) filled with a desire to hurt ; harmful to life, violent / having an evil influence; virulent ִ, ġ ; <> Ǽ, ġ, / ǰ ִ; The poisons of race prejudice, if allowed to spread, will have a malignant effect on our community. ; This is malignant disease; we may have to use drastic measures to stoop its spread. Ȯǵ дٸ 츮 ȸ ġ ĥ ̴. ; ̰ Ǽ ̴. 츮 ߴ ġ ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] malevolent, malicious, rancorous" malingerer,"n. ing(=lean,haggard) person who pretends to be ill in order to escape duty or work / one who feigns illness to escape duty Һθ / Һ The chronic malingerer was finally fired. ; The captain ordered the sergeant to punish all malingerers and force them to work. ׻ Һ θ ᱹ ذǾ. ; 翡 Һ θ ó϶ ߴ." mall,"n. public walk å The Mall in Central Park has always been a favorite spot for Sunday strollers. Ʈ ũ åδ Ͽ å ׻ ϴ ̴." malodorous,"a. foul-smelling 븦 dz The compost heap was most malodorous in summer. ̸ 븦 dz. [+] fetid, noisome, putrid, tancid" mammal,"n. a vertebrate animal whose female suckles its young Many people regard the whale as a fish and do not realize that it is a mammal. װ 𸣰 ִ." mammoth,"a. gigantic Ŵ The mammoth corporations of the twentieth century are a mixed blessing. 20 Ŵ ҿ ̴ູ. [+] behemoth, colossal, enormous, huge, leviathan, prodigious, titanic" manacle,"n.v. man(=hand) fetter or chain for the hands or feet / fetter with manacles ; restrain / handcuff < > , / ⸦ ä ; ӹϴ / ϴ, Although we are sure that the prisoners will make no attempt to escape, the law requires us to place manacles on them. ; The police immediately manacled the prisoner so he could not escape. ˼ ޾Ƴ õ 츮 Ȯ ׵鿡 ä 䱸Ѵ. ; ˼ ä ״ ĥ . [+] shackle" mandatory,"n.a. mand(=order) + at(=s.e.) + ory(=relating to) person or state to whom a mandate has been given / of a command ; compulsory, obligatory ġ, / , ӵ ; , ǹ / , In this state, attendance at school is mandatory for children between the ages of six and seventeen. ; These instructions are mandatory; any violation will be severly punished. ֿ б ٴϴ 6 17 ̵鿡 ǹ̴ . ; õ ݵ Ѿ Ѵ. ϸ ó ̴. [+] compulsory, required" mangy,"a. shabby, wretched , ʶ We finally threw out the mangy rug that the dog had destroyed. 츮 ij Ⱑ 򰳸 ȴ. [+] squalid" maniacal,"a. raving mad His maniacal laughter frightened us. 츮 . [+] frenetic, frenzied, manic" manifestation,"n. outward demonstration; indication , ǥ Mozart's early attraction to the harpsichord was the first manifestation of his pronounced musical bent. ¥Ʈ ǾƳ뿡 ó ǥ ̾. [+] demonstration, isplay" manifold,"a. numerous; varied ; پ I cannot begin to tell you how much I appreciate your manifold kindnesses. ģԿ 󸶳 . [+] diverse, multifarious, multiform" manipulate,"v. man < manu(=hand) + i(=s.e.) + pul(=drive) + ate(=make) operate or handle with skill ; manage or control somebody or something skillfully or craftily / operate with the hands <ؾְ> ϴ, ٷ ; ϴ, ϰ ٷ / ϴ / ؾְ ٷ; The big-league shortstop manipulates his glove like a magician, snaring every ball hit within reach. ; How do you manipulate these puppets? Ϸ ݼ ڱ Ÿ 鼭 ۷긦 ó ٷ . ;  ϴ? [+] handle" manumit,"v. emancipate; free from bondage عϴ; ϴ Enlightened slave owners were willing to manumit their slaves and thus put an end to the evil of slavery in the country. ȭ 뿹 ֵ Ⲩ ׵ 뿹 Ǯ־ 󿡼 뿹 Ľ״. [+] liberate, release, unshackle" marauder,"n. raider; intruder Ż; ħ The sounding of the alarm frightened the marauders. 溸 Ҹ Żڵ . [+] cf. maraud (Żϴ, ϴ); depredator, despoiler, freebooter, pillager, plunderer, raider, ravager" maritime,"a. bordering on the sea; nautical ؾ; ػ The Maritime Provinces depend on the sea for their wealth. ٴٿ ׵ θ ٴٿ Ѵ. [+] nautical, navigational" marred,"a. damaged; disfigured , ϰ She had to refinish the marred surface of the table. ׳ Ź ǥ ٵ ߴ. [+] impaired" marrow,"n. soft tissue filling the bones ; The frigid cold chilled the traveler to the marrow. û డ ӱ ٴ Ҵ." marsupial,"n.a. one of a family of mammals that nurse their offspring in a pouch (Ļŷ )(); ָӴ The most common marsupial in North America is the opossum. Ϲ̿ ָӴ." martinet,"n. strict disciplinarian The commanding officer was a martinet who observed each regulation to the letter. ְ ״ ؼϴ ̾." masochist,"n. person who enjoys his own pain ŰƮ The masochist begs, ""Hit me."" The sadist smiles and says, ""I won't."" ŰƮ ""޶"" ûѴ. Ʈ ""׷ ̴"" Ѵ." masticate,"v. chew ô We must masticate our food carefully and slowly in order to avoid stomach disorders. 츮 ֿ ɸ ʱ õõ þ Ѵ. [+] champ" maternal,"a. mater(=mother) + n(=s.e.) + al(=nature of) of or like a mother / motherly Ӵ,Ӵϰ Our biology teacher explained that if it were not for the strong maternal instinct to protect the young, many species of animals could not survive. ; ̷μ Ÿ. 츮 ȣϷ ٸ ̶ ϼ̴. [+] Many animals display maternal instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless." matriarch,"n. woman who rules a family or larger social group , The matriarch ruled her gypsy tribe with a firm hand. ¤ ġߴ." matricide,"n. murder of a mother by a child ģ A crime such as matricide is inconceivable. ģ ؿ ˴ ." matrix,"n. mold or die ; ڱ The cast around the matrix was cracked. Ǫ ѷ ֹ ." maunder,"v. talk incoherently; utter drivel μ ̾߱ϴ; ߾߾ ϴ You do not make sense; you maunder and garble your words. ǹ̰ ; ϰ ̾߱ؼ Ű ִ." mausoleum,"n. monumental tomb 书 His body was placed in the family mausoleum. ý . [+] sepulcher" mauve,"a. pale purple ֻ The mauve tint in the lilac bush was another indication that spring had finally arrived. ϶ ֺ ħ Դٴ ٸ ¡Ŀ." mayhem,"n. injury to body The riot was marked not only by mayhem, with its attendant loss of life and limb, but also by arson and pillage. ػ ƴ϶ ȭ Ż Ҵ. [+] cf. lesion (, ó); damage, mutilation" meager,"a. scanty; inadequate , His salary was far too meager for him to afford to buy a new car. ״ ˳ġ Ͽ Ǿ. [+] exiguous, insufficient" meddlesome,"a. fond of meddling / interfering ϱ⸦ ϴ / ϱ ϴ At what point does a keen interest in other people run the risk of becoming just meddlesome ? ; He felt his marriage was suffering because of his meddlesome mother-in-law. ٸ 鿡 īο ̸ ϰ Ǵ Ǵ°? ; ȥ Ȱ . [+] intrusive, obtrusive, officious" mediocre,"a. ordinary; commonplace ; We were disappointed because he gave a rather mediocre performance in this role. 츮 װ ϰ Ϳ Ǹ. [+] average, mean, medium" meditation,"n. reflection; thought ; She reached her decision only after much meditation. ׳ ɻ ȴ. [+] cogitation, deliberation, rumination, speculation" medley,"n. mixture ⵿; Ӱ The band played a medley of Gershwin tunes. Ǵ Ž ȥ ߴ. [+] assortment, melange, miscellany , potpourri" megalomania,"n. mania for doing grandiose things Developers who spend milions trying to build the world's tallest skyscraper suffer from megalomania. 迡 õ縦 鸸 ޷ εڴ ް ִ." melange,"n. medley; miscellany ȥչ; This anthology provides a melange of the author's output in the fields of satire, criticism and political analysis. ǰ dz, , ġ м о߿ ۰ ǰ ̴. [+] assortment, potpourri" memento,"n. token; reminder 买; ߾Ÿ Take this book as a memento of your visit. 湮 å . [+] souvenir" memorialize,"v. commemorate ϴ Let us memorialize his great contribution by dedicating this library in his honor. ν . [+] commemorate" menial,"a. suitable for servants; low ӽ븩ϴ; õ I cannot understand why a person of your ability and talent should engage in such menial activities. Ű ϰ ִ ׷ õ ϰ ִ . [+] servile, slavish, subservient" mercantile,"a. concerning trade ? I am more interested in the opportunities available in the mercantile field than I am in those in the legal profession. Ϻ 迡 ȸ鿡 ." meretricious,"a. flashy; tawdry ; Her jewels were inexpensive but not meretricious. ׳ ʾҴ. [+] garish, gaudy" meringue,"n. pastry decoration made of white of eggs (ӷ) The lemon meringue pie is one of our specialties. ?ӷ ̴ 츮 ϳ." mesa,"n. high, flat-topped hill ; ھƿ The mesa, rising above the surrounding countryside, was the most conspicuous feature of the area. ð񿡼 Ӿ ִ äο Ư¡̴." mesmerize,"v. hypnotize ָ ɴ The incessant drone seemed to mesmerize him and place him in a trance. ״ Ӿ Ҹ ָ ɷ ޲ٴ ¿ Ҵ. [+] fascinate; captivate" metallurgical,"a. pertaining to the art of removing metals from ores ߱ݼ During the course of his metallurgical research, the scientist developed a steel alloy of tremendous strength. ߱ݼ ϴ ڴ öձ û ߴ." metaphor,"n. phor(=carry) the use of words to indicate something different form the literal meaning / implied comparison The metaphor referred to our country as a ship of state. ; ""He soared like an eagle"" is an example of a simile; ""He is an eagle in flight,"" a metaphor. 츮 ô ҷ. ; '״ ó ھƿö.' ǥ̰, '״ .' ǥ̴. [+] simile" metaphysical,"a. physi(=nature) of metaphysics, based on abstract reasoning / pertaining to speculative philosophy ̻, ߻ She had difficulty following his metaphysical remarks. ; The modern poets have gone back to the fanciful poems of the metaphysical poets of the seventeenth century for many of their images. ׳ ̻ ϴµ ޾. ; ε ̹ 17 ̻ ε ÷ ǵư. [+] speculative" mete,"v. measure; distribute ϴ; йϴ He tried to be impartial in his efforts to mete out justice. ״ 󸶳 ߳ ˾ƺ ʿ ġġ ֽ. [+] allocate, allot, apportion, assign" meteoric,"a. swift; momentarily brillrant , ٰ We all wondered at his meteoric rise to fame. 츮 δ װ Ÿٰ Ϳ Ǿߴ. [-] gradual(ܰ, )" methodical,"a. met < meta(=intensive, change, beyond) + hod(=way) +ical(=nature of) done with order or method ; having orderly habits / systematic ִ, ; , ٸ The methodical student who does each day's work each day has the best chance to be successful in school. ; An accountant must be methodical and maintain order among his financial records. Ϸ翡 θ ׳׳ Ģ ϴ л б ɼ . ; ȸ ü̾ ڱⰡ ϴ ϵ صξ߸ Ѵ. [+] methodic" metropolis,"n. large city 뵵 Every evening this terminal is filled with the thousands of commuters who are going from this metropolis to their homes in the suburbs. ͹̳ 뵵ÿ ϴ õ ڵ ." mettle,"n. courage; spirit ; When challenged by the other horses in the race, the thoroughbred proved its mettle by its determination to hold the lead. ֿ ٸ ޾ ռ ϴ ڱ ⰳ 巯 . [+] dauntlessness" mews,"n. group of stables built around a courtyard ° Let us visit the mews to inspect the newly-purchased horse. ? ѷ Ͽ ° ." miasma,"n. swamp gas; odor of decaying matter ˿ ;  I suspect that this area is infested with malaria as I can readily smell the miasma. ⸦ ־ 󸮾Ʒ 𸥴ٴ ǽ ." mien,"n. demeanor; bearing dzä; µ She had the gracious mien of a queen. ׳ μ µ . [+] comportment" migrant,"a. changing its habitat; wandering ϴ; ȸϴ These migrant birds return every spring. ö ǵƿ´. [+] migratory, mobile" migratory,"a. wandering ̵ϴ The return of the migratory birds to the northern sections of this country is a harbinger of spring. ö Ϻ ǵƿ ˸ ̴. [+] errant, migrant, mobile, nomadic" militant,"n.a. milit(=fight) + ant(=having the quality of) militant person in trade union, politics / ready for fighting, warlike, bellicose ; engaging / combative; ȣ , / ȣ, ; ϰ ִ Students today are still interested in social problems, but they seem to be less militant than in the 1960s. ; Although at this time he was advocating a policy of neutrality, one could usually find him adopting a more militant attitude. ó л ȸ 1960뺸ٴ ȣ . ; ̹ װ ߸ å Ͽ ȣ µ Ѵٴ ־. [+] belligerent, contentious, pugnacious, warlike" militate,"v. work against ġ, ۿϴ Your record of lateness and absence will militate against your chances of promotion. Ἦ ɼ ĥ ̴." mimicry,"n. imitation 䳻, Her gift for mimicry was so great that her friends said that she should be in the theater. ׳ پ 䳻 ߳ ָ ־ ģ ׳࿡ 忡 ־ ڶ ߴ." minaret,"n. slender tower attached to a mosque ȸ ž From the balcony of the minaret we obtained an excellent view of the town and the neighboring countryside. ž?ڴϿ 츮 ÿ ̿ ־." minatory,"a. threatening ϴ All abusive and minatory letters received by the mayor and other public officials were examined by the police. ٸ 鿡 ̰ Ͽ. [+] intimidating, menacing; [-] reassuring( ִ)" mincing,"a. affectedly dainty ܻ Yum-Yum walked across the stage with mincing steps. ˳ 븦 ɾ. [+] affected, pretentious" minion,"n. a servile dependent , ɺ, He was always accompanied by several of his minions because he enjoyed their subservience and flattery. ״ ɺ ÷ ޱ⸦ ؼ ׻ ɺ ٳ. [+] sycophant" minute,"a. extremely small ſ ; , The twins resembled one another closely; only minute differences set them apart. ̴ֵ Ҵ. ణ ̰ θ ǰ Ѵ. [+] miniature, minuscule, insignificant, minor" mirage,"n. mir(=wonder) + age(=that which) an image of a distant object, often upside down, seen as if it were near especially in the desert ; any illusion or hope that cannot be realized / unreal reflection; optical illusion ű ; ȯ, / Your serene confidence that ""everything will come out all right in the end"" may be reassuring, but it is no more than a mirage . ; The lost prospector was fooled by a mirage in the desert. "" ᱹ Ǿ "" ų װ ȯ Ұϴ. ; ڴ 縷 ű翡 ̴. [+] hallucination, illusion" mirth,"n. merriment; laughter , ſ Sober Malvolio found Sir toby's mirth improper. ʴ Malvolio Toby ġ ˾Ҵ. [+] hilarity, jocularity, jocundity, jollity, joviality" misadventure,"n. mischance; ill luck ҿ; The young explorer met death by misadventure. Ž谡 . [+] calamity, cataclysm, catastrophe, disaster, tragedy" misanthrope,"n. anthrop(=man) hater of mankind ; person who avoids society / one who hates mankind Ⱦϴ ; The misanthrope chose to live alone. ; We thought the hermit was a misanthrope because he shunned our society. ȥ ⸦ ߴ. ; ڴ ȸ ߱ ϴ ̶ . [+] philanthropist" misapprehension,"n. mis(=bad) + ap < ad(=intensive) + prehens(=take) +ion(=that which) failing to understand correctly, misunderstanding / error; / Ǽ; It is far better to be ignorant of something, and to know you are ignorant, than to act on the basis of wrong infrmation and misapprehensions . ; To avoid misapprehension, I am going to ask all of you to repeat the instructions I have given. ׸ ؿ ٰŸ ΰ ൿϴϺٴ  𸣰ų 𸥴ٰ ˰ ִ ξ . ; ذ ϱ ø ο âϵ ̴. [+] misconception" miscegenation,"n. intermarriage between races ȥ ֿ ΰ ΰ ȥ Ű Ǿ. 5. [+] Some states passed laws against miscegenation." miscellany,"n. mixture of writing on various subjects ⹮; This is an interesting miscellany of nineteenth-century prose and poetry. ̰ ̷ο 19 깮  ̴. [+] assortment, medley, melange, potpourri" mischance,"n. bad luck / ill luck ҿ, The mischance of the blizzard delayed him. ; By mischance, he lost his week's salary. ϰԵ ״ ʾ. ; ڰԵ ״ ֱ Ҿȴ. [+] adversity, misadventure, misfortune, mishap" misconstrue,"v. stru(=build) get a wrong idea of somebody's words, acts, etc. / interpret incorrectly; misjudge ׸ ؼϴ, ϴ / ߸ ؼϴ, ϴ Don't misconstrue his apparent indifference. ; She took the passage seriously rather than humorously because she misconstrued the author's ironic tone. ⿡ µ . ; ׳ ۰ ݾ ߸ ؼϿ ̱ ٴ ɰϰ ޾Ƶ鿴. [+] misapprehend, misconceive, misunderstand" miscreant,"n. wretch; villain ؾ ; His kindness to the miscreant amazed all of us who had expected to hear severe punishment pronounced. װ ѿ ģ ׷ ϸ ſ ó 츮 ߴ. [+] knave" miserly,"a. stingy; mean λ The miserly old man hoarded his coins not out of prudence but out of greed. μ ƴ϶ Ž Ҵ. [+] niggardly, parsimonious, penurious" misgivings,"n. doubts Ҿ; Hamlet described his misgivings to Horatio but decided to fence with Laertes despite his foreboding of evil. ܸ ȣ̼ Ȥ ұ Ϳ ұϰ 󿡸׽ ο ߴ. [+] qualm, suspicion" mishap,"n. unlucky accident, bad luck 糭, ҿ She sprained her elbow in the traffic mishap . ; With a little care you could have avoided this mishap. ׳ Ȳġ ߾. ; ݸ Ǹ ߾ ־ ̴. [+] casualty, misadventure, mischance" misnomer,"n. nom < nomin(=name) wrong use of a name or word / wrong name; incorrect designation ߸ θ, Ī / Ʋ ̸; The wrestler goes by the misnomer of Tiny Tim. ; His tyrannical conduct proved to all that his nickname, King Eric the Just, was a misnomer. Tiny Tim̶ ߸ ̸ ҷ . ; ̶ ߸ ˾Ҵ." misogamy,"n. gam(=marriage) hatred of marriage ȥϱ⸦ Ⱦ / ȥ Ⱦ Surprisingly, the first of the group to marry was the one who had been the loudest advocate of misogamy . ; He remained a bachelor not because of misogamy but because of ill fate; his fiancee died before the wedding. Ե ׵  ȥ ȥ ū Ҹ ϴ ̾. ; ״ ȥ Ⱦؼ ƴ϶ ȥ ȥడ ҿ ڷ ־." misogynist,"n. gyn(=woman) hater of women ڸ Ⱦϴ The misogynist was tricked into marriage. ; She accused him of being a misogynist because he had been a bachelor all his life. ڸ Ⱦϴ ӾƼ ȥϰ Ǿ. ; ׳ װ ڷ Ա ׿ ڸ Ⱦϴ ڶ åߴ." missile,"n. object to be thrown or projected ư Scientists are experimenting with guided missiles. ڵ ̻ ϰ ִ ̴. [+] projectile, trajectile" missive,"n. letter The ambassador received a missive from the Secretary of State. κ ޾Ҵ. [+] note" mite,"n. very small object or creature; small coin ü ; ܵ Gnats are annoying mites that sting. Ⱑ װ οѴ. [+] particle" mnemonic,"a. pertaining to memory , He used mnemonic tricks to master new words. ״ ܾ ϱ ߴ." mobile,"a. movable; not fixed ̱ ; The mobile blood bank operated by the Red Cross visited our neighborhood today. ڻ翡 Ǵ ̵ 츮 ̿ 湮ߴ." modicum,"n. limited quantity ҷ Although his story is based on a modicum of truth, most of the events he descries are fictitious. Ҽ ǿ ٰŸ дٰ ϳ װ κ 㱸. [+] iota" modish,"a. fashionable ϴ She always discarded all garments which were no longer modish. ׳ ࿡ ʴ ʵ ȴ. [+] stylish, voguish" modulation,"n. toning down; changing from one key to another ; When she spoke, it was with quiet modulation of voice. ׳డ Ҹ . [+] modification" mogul,"n. powerful person Ź The oil moguls made great profits when the price of gasoline rose. ָ ö Ź ū ´. [+] magnate, tycoon" moiety,"n. half; part ; Ϻκ There is a slight moiety of the savage in her personality which is not easily perceived by those who do not know her well. ׳ ݿ ׳ฦ 𸣴 ״ νĵ ʴ κ ִ. [+] portion, section, segment" molecule,"n. mol(=mass,heap) smallest unit into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature / the smallest part of a homogeneous substance In chemistry, we study how atoms and molecules react to form new substances. ; In chemistry, we study how stoms and molecules react to form new substances. ȭп 츮 ڿ  ؼ ο ϴ° Ѵ. ; ȭп 츮 ڵ ڵ ο ϱ  ϴ Ѵ. [+] particle" mollycoddle,"v. pamper; indulge excessively ޾ ִ Don't mollycoddle the boy, Maud! You'll spoil him. ޾ . ! ʴ ׸ ġ ȴ. [+] coddle" molt,"v. shed or cast off hair or feathers аϴ The male robin molted in the spring. а̸ ߴ. [+] cf. dolt (ٺ)" molten,"a. in a melted and therefore very hot state ; made of metal that has been melted and cast <ݼ> , ص ; The workers carefully ladled the molten iron into the bell-shaped mold. ; The city of Pompeii was destroyed by volcanic ash rather than by molten lava flowing from Mount Vesuvius. ϲ۵ 踦 DZ Ʋ ξ. ; ô 콺 꿡 귯 Ϻٴ ȭ翡 ߴ. [+] liguefied" momentous,"a. very important ߴ / ߿; On this momentous occasion, we must be very solemn. ̷ ߴ 쿡 츮 ſ ؾ Ѵ. [+] consequential, considerable, significant, substantial" monarchy,"n. arch(=govern) government by a monarch / government under a single ruler ġ / ü France had an absolute monarchy until the Revolution. ; England today remains a monarchy. ֱ ̾. ; ̴ֱ. [+] democracy" monastic,"a. related to monks , ݿ Wanting to live a religious life, he took his monastic vows. Ͽ ״ ͼ ߴ. [+] clerical, priestly" monetary,"a. pertaining to money ȭ She was in complete charge of all monetary matters affecting the household ׳ ġ ð ־. [+] financial, fiscal, pecuniary" monotheism,"n. the < o>(=God) doctrine that there is only one God / belief in one God Ͻŷ / Ͻű Judaism and Christianity are based on monotheism . ; Abraham was the first to proclaim his belief in monotheism. ± ⵶ Ͻŷп ٰŸ ΰ ִ. ; ƺ Ͻſ ̾." monotony,"n. sameness leading to boredom ο, / ȭ He took a clerical job, but soon grew to hate the monotony of his daily routine. ״ ߴµ ϻ ο Ҵ. [+] boredom, ennui, humdrum, tedium" monumental,"a. massive , Ŵ / Writing a dictionary is a monumental task. ϴ û ۾̴. [+] enormous, gigantic, huge, immense, mammoth, prodigious" moodiness,"n. fits of depression or gloom ; ħ We could not discover the cause of her recurrent moodiness. 츮 ߻ϴ ׳ . [+] depression, melancholy" moor,"n. marshy wasteland Ȳ; These moors can only be used for hunting; they are too barren for agriculture. Ȳ ؼ ⿡ ʹ ޸." moot,"a. debatable ִ Our tariff policy is a moot subject. 츮 å ִ. [+] disputable, dubious" morbid,"a. given to unwholesome thought; gloomy (, ); ħ These morbid speculations are dangerous; we must lighten our spirits by emphasizing more pleasant matters. ̷ Ұ ϴ. 츮 ν 츮 ؾ Ѵ. [+] unhealthy, unwholesome; melancholic, saturnine" mordant,"a. mord < mors(=bite) + ant(=having the quality of) biting ; sarcastic / stinging Ŷ ; 񲿴 / ; ; I noticed with approval that his mordant remarks were intended to deflate the pompous and unmask the hypocritical. ; Actors feared the critic's mordant pen. Ŷ Ÿ ڵ 븦 ڵ ̶ ˰ . ; 򰡵 Ŷ ηߴ. [+] caustic, mordacious, scathing, trenchant" morganatic,"a. describing a marriage between a member of a royal family and a common õȥ( õ ȥ) Refusing the suggestion of a morganatic marriage, the king abdicated form the throne when he could not marry the woman he loved. õ ȥ ϸ鼭 ϴ ڿ ȥ ." mortician,"n. mort(=death) undertaker ǻ / ǻ 濵 The mortician took care of the funeral arrangements. ; The mortician prepared the corpse for burial. ǻ غ þҴ. ; ǻ ý غ Ͽ." mote,"n. small speck Ƽ; The tiniest mote in the eye is very painful.  Ƽ ƹ ۾Ƶ ſ 뽺. [+] spot" motility,"n. ability to move spontaneously  Certain organisms exhibit remarkable motility; motile spores, for example, may travel for miles before coming to rest.  ü  Ÿ.  ڴ ϱ Ѵ. [+] locomotion" mottled,"a. spotted , When he blushed, his face took on a mottled hue. װ ȫ . [+] blotched" mountebank,"n. charlatan; boastful pretender ; ; dz The patent medicine man was a mountebank. Ư Ĵ ͸ . [+] quack, quackster" muddle,"n.v. muddled state, confusion of ideas / bring into a state of confusion and disorder / confuse; mix up ȥ, , Ӹ ȥ / ȥŰ, ׹׵ǰ ϴ / ȥϴ The records of our club were in such a muddle that we couldn't even determine which members had paid their dues. ; His thoughts were muddled and chaotic. 츮 Ŭ δ ׹ ̾ ȸ ȸ ´ . ; ׹ ߴ. [+] addle, bewilder, distract, fluster" muggy,"a. warm and damp Ĵ August in New York City is often muggy. 8 . [+] sultry" mugwump,"n. defector from a party Ż ; Ҽ ġ When he refused to support his party's nominees, he was called a mugwump and deprived of his seniority privileges in Congress. ״ ڱ ĺڵ ʾұ 翡 ൿ ϴ ̶ Ҹ ȸ Ư Żߴ" mulct,"v. defraud a person of something ϴ, ӿ Ѵ The lawyer was accused of trying to mulct the boy of his legacy. ȣ ҳ ӿ Ƿ ҵǾ. [+] swindle" multifarious,"a. fa < fac(=make) varied, diversified / greatly diversified , / پ The actor has appeared in multifarious roles. ; A career woman and mother, she was constantly busy with the multifarious activities of her daily life. پ þҴ. ; Ӵ ׳ ϻ پ Ȱ ׻ ٻ. [+] diverse, manifold, multiform" multiform,"a. having many forms Snowflakes are multiform but always hexagonal. ̴ 6̴. [+] diverse, manifold, multifarious" multilingual,"a. lingu(=tongue) speaking lots of languages / having many languages  ϴ / , The multilingual woman is a professional translator. ; Because they are bordered by so many countries, the Swiss people are multilingual. ϴ ׳ 뿪̾. ; ϰ ־ ε  Ѵ." multiplicity,"n. plic(=fold) being great in number / state of being numerous ټ, پ / پ缺 The multiplicity of the insect world is awesome. ; He was appalled by the multiplicity of details he had to complete before setting out on his mission. پ缺 ̴. ; ӹ ϱ ռ ϼѾ ߴ ͵鿡 ״ Ҹ ƴ. [+] diversity, multiformity, variety" murkiness,"n. darkness; gloom ο; The murkiness and fog of the waterfront that evening depressed me. ׳ ⽾ ԰ Ȱ ϰ ߴ. [+] dimness, obscurity" murrain,"n. plague; cattle disease ,(Ư ) Murrain take you! ڽ!" musky,"a. having the odor of musk ⳿ She left a trace of musky perfume behind her. ׳ ." mutable,"a. mut(=change) + able(=capable of) liable to change ; likely to change / changing in form; fickle ϱ ; / After a few days during which everything seemed to be going my way, I learned to my dismay how mutable Lady Luck can be. ; His opinions were mutable and easily influenced by anyone who had any powers of persuasion. Ż簡 Ǿ ó ĥ ǸԵ 󸶳  ˾Ҵ. ; ǰ ִ ¿Ǿ. [+] inconstant, unstable" muted,"a. silent; muffled; toned down ; Ҹ In the funeral parlor, the mourners' voices had a muted quality. ʽ忡 ֵ Ҹ ߴ. [+] reticent, tacitum" mutilate,"v. maim ұ The torturer threatened to mutilate his victim. ϴ ұ ̶ ߴ. [+] cripple" mutinous,"a. unruly; rebellious ; The captain had to use force to quiet his mutinous crew. ¹ Ű ؾ ߴ. [+] contumacious, insubordinate, insurgent" myopic,"a. my(=close) + op < opt(=eye) + ic(=nature of) short-sighted / nearsighted ٽ<<>> / ٽ Is the program he proposes true economy,or does it represent myopic indifference to the long-term needs of our community? ; In thinking only of your present needs and ignoring the future, you are being rather myopic. װ ȹ ٿ ΰ ƴϸ 츮 ʿ ϴ Ϳ ٽþ Ÿ°? ; ʿ ͸ ϰ ̷ ϴ ٽþ ǰ ִ. [+] shortsighted" nadir,"n. lowest point; the lowest point The cold spell reached its nadir yesterday.; The stock market reached its nadir on Thuesday and began to rise again in early trading on Wednesday. İ ٴ޾Ҵ. [+] (ant.) zenith; [-] topmost point(ֻ)" naivete,"n. quality of being unsophisticated õ I cannot believe that such naivete is unassumed in a person of her age and experience. ׷ , ׳ ̳ Դ ʴ´ٴ . [+] artlessness, ingenuousness" narcissist,"n. conceited person ڱ A narcissist is own best friend. ڱ ڴ ڱ ڽ ٷ ģ." nascent,"a. nasc(=born, native) + ent(=having the quality of) coming into existence ; beginning to exist / incipient; coming into being ߻Ϸ ϴ, ߻ϰ ִ ; ʱ It took great perception for Mr. Grimsby to recognize the nascent talents of her apparently ""backward"" student and to encourage his development. ; If we could identify these revolutionary movements in their nascent state, we would be able to eliminate serious trouble in later years. Grimsy "" ̴"" л ʱ ˾Ƴ ߴ ʿߴ. ; 츮  ʱ ܰ迡 ִٸ ɰ ̴. [+] initial; [-] fully established( )" natal,"a. pertaining to birth He refused to celebrate his natal day because it reminded him of the few years he could look forward to. ״ װ ִ Ⱓ ʾҴٴ ֹǷ װ ϴ ߴ." natation,"n. swimming The Red Cross emphasizes the need for courses n natation. ڻ ڽ ʿ伺 Ѵ." nauseate,"v. cause to become sick; fill with disgust ϴ; ޽ ϴ; ϴ / The foul smells began to nauseate him. ܿ ׸ ߴ. [+] disgust" nautical,"a. pertaining to ships or navigation ̳ The Maritime Museum contains many models of clipper ships, logbooks, anchors and many other items of a nautical nature. ؾ ڹ Ӽ , , , ׸ ٸ ǰ õǾ ִ. [+] marine, maritime, navigational" nave,"n. main body of a church ȸ The nave of the cathedral was empty at this hour. ð ִ." neap,"a. lowest ; We shall have to navigate very cautiously over the reefs as we have a neap tide this time of the month. ̶ ̱ ʿ ɸ ʵ ɽ ؾ ̴." necrology,"n. obituary notice; list of the dead ; The necrology of those buried in this cemetery is available in the office. δ 繫ǿ ġǾ ִ." necromancy,"n. black magic; dealings with the dead ; ; Because he was able to perform feats of necromancy, the natives thought he was in league with the devil. ״ ָ θ ־ ֹε װ Ƿɰ ж ߴ. [+] thaumaturgy, wizardry" negation,"n. denial I must accept his argument since you have been unable to present any negation of his evidence. װ Ÿ μ ޾Ƶ ۿ . [+] contradiction, gainsaying; [-] affirmation(Ȯ)" negligence,"n. carelessness ¸, Ȧ / Negligence can prove costly near complicated machinery. ¸ 񰡸 ϴ ִ. [+] needlessness" nether,"a. lower Ʒ Tradition locates hell in the nether regions. Ʒʿ ġŲ. [+] inferior" nettle,"v. sting oneself with nettles ; make rather angry ; annoy / vex Ǯ  ; ȭ ϴ ; I regret that Nancy was nettled by my unfavorable review of her short story, but I had to express my opinion honestly. ; Do not let him nettle you with his sarcastic remarks. Nancy ׳ Ҽ Ҹ ȭ ǰ ϰ ǥ . ; װ ſ Ű ϵ ض. [+] exasperate, irritate, peeve, provoke" nexus,"n. connection I fail to see the nexus which binds these two widely separated events. ǵ ִ̾ ã ϰڴ. [+] junction, link; [-] disconnected components( ʴ )" nib,"n. beak; pen point θ; The nibs of fountain pens often became clotted and corroded.  ְ νĵǾ ִ." niggardly,"a. meanly stingy; parsimonious λ; °° The niggardly pittance the widow receives from the government cannot keep her from poverty. ΰ ηκ ޴ ȵǴ δ . [+] miserly, penurious" niggle,"v. spend too much time on minor points; carp Ͽ ð ϴ Let's not niggle over details. Ϳ ð ." non sequitor,"n. a conclusion that does not follow from the facts stated ո (ո ߷) Your term paper is full of non sequiturs; I cannot see how you reached the conclusions you state. б⸻ ո ִ.  п ̸ ." nonage,"n. immaturity ̼ She was embarrassed by the nonage of her contemporaries who never seemed to grow up. ڶ ׳ ̼ ׳ Ȳߴ. [+] infancy" nonchalance,"n. indifference; lack of interest ; ô Few people could understand how he could listen to the news of the tragedy with such nonchalance; the majority regarded him as callous and unsympathetic. װ  ׷ ¿ϰ û ִ ϴ . ׷ κ ׸ ϰ . [+] insouciance" noncommittal,"a. non(=not) + com < con(=with) + mit (=send) + al(=nature of) not committing oneself to a definite course or to either side in a dispute, etc. / neutral; unpledged; undecided < > и ʴ, ʴ / Ȯ ǰ ʴ(߸); ָ When I spoke to Mother about going on the Easter trip to Washington, her only reply was a noncommittal ""we'll see"". ; We were annoyed by his noncommittal reply for we had been led to expect definite assurances of his approval. ӴϿ Washington Ȱ Ϳ ߴ Ӵϴ ""ΰ "" ָ ϼ̴. ; 츮 Ȯϰ ޱ⸦ ߱ ָ 信 ȭ . [+] reserved" nonentity,"n. non(=not) + ent < es (=to be) + ity(=that which) thing that does not really exist or that exists only in the imagination ; unimportant person / nonexistence; person of no importance ʴ°, ; ߰ / ġ ; Isn't it strange that such great writers as Edgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson were considered nonentities in their own lifetimes? ; Of course you are a nonentity; you will continue to be one until you prove your value to the community. Edgar Allen Poe Emily Dickinsonó ۰ ڱ ô뿡 ߰ ۰ ̻ ʽϱ? ; ߰; . ȸ ġ ׷ ̴." nonplus,"n.v. plu(=more) a state of uncertainty, perplexity / surprise or puzzle somebody so much / bring to a halt by confusion ó ó / ٸ 𸣰 ϴ / óϴ, She was in a nonplus over his proposal. ; In my efforts to correct this situation I felt nonplussed by the stupidity of my assistants. ׳ ȥ ǿ ٸ . ; Ȳ ٷ  ٸ . [+] confound, fluster, frustrate, perplex" nosegay,"n. fragrant bouquet ο ɴٹ These spring flowers will make an attractive nosegay. ɵ ŷ ɴٹ ̴." nostrum,"n. questionable medicine ġ, Ưȿ No quack selling nostrums is going to cheat me. ġ Ĵ ǻ絵 ̴. [+] cure-all, elixir, panacea" novelty,"n. something new; newness ο?/ The computer is no longer a novelty around the office. ǻʹ 繫ǿ ̻ ٸ ƴϴ. [+] innovation" novice,"n. beginner ʺ Even a novice can do good work if he follows these simple directions. ܼ õ ״ ʺ س ̴. [+] apprentice, neophyte, tyro" nubile,"a. marriageable ȥ; ȥ ִ Mrs. Bennet, in ""Pride and Prejudice"" by Jane Austen, was worried about finding suitable husbands for her five nubile daughters. ƾ ' ' ȥ ɱⰡ ټ 鿡 ϴµ ߴ." nugatory,"a. futile; worthless ; ġ This agreement is nugatory for no court will enforce it. ʱ ȿ . [+] paltry, ineffectual, useless; [-] consequential(ߴ, 翬)" numismatist,"n. person who collects coins The numismatist had a splendid collection of antique coins. Ư Ҵ." nuptial,"a. related to marriage ȥ, ȥ Their nuptial ceremony was performed in Goden Gate park. ׵ ȥ Ʈ ÷. [+] conjugal, connubial, humeneal, marital, matrimonial" nurture,"v. bring up; feed; educate ϴ; ̴; Ű We must nurture the young so that they will develop into good citizens. 츮 ̵ Ǹ ù ڶ󳪵 ؾ Ѵ. [+] cultivate, foster, nourish" oaf,"n. stupid, awkward person ġ He called the unfortunate waiter a clumsy oaf. ״ ٺ ̶ ҷ." obelisk,"n. tall column tapering and ending in a pyramid ÷ž Cleopatra's Needle is an obelisk in New York City's Central Park. ŬƮ ٴ Ʈ ũ ִ ũ." obese,"a. ob(=intensive) + es < ed(=eat) very fat ſ ׶, / ׶ϰ Frankly, I was much relieved when he took out his obese wallet and indicated that he wanted to pay the entire check. ; It is advisable that obese people try to lose weight. װ  꼭 ϰڴٰ ũ Ƚ Ǿ. ; ׶ ü ̷ ϴ ٶϴ. [+] corpulent, stout" obituary,"n. death notice ; I first learned of his death when I read the obituary column in the newspaper. Ź о ó ˾Ҵ." objurgate,"v. scold; rebuke severely ϰ ߴġ; ϴ I am afraid he will objurgate us publicly for this offense. װ ׿ Ͽ 츮 åұ ηƴ." objurgation,"n. severe rebuke; scolding ȣ å Objurgation and even threats of punishment did not deter the young hoodlums. ȣ ߴܰ ó Ѵٰ ص е ൿ ." oblation,"n. the Eucharist; pious donation ü ; , The wealthy man offered oblations so that the Church might be able to provide for the needy. ڰ ؼ ȸ װ ҽ 鿡 ־. [+] cf. collation ()" obligatory,"a. binding; required ǹ,ϴ; 䱸ϴ It is obligatory that books borrowed from the library be returned within two weeks. å 2ֳ ݳؾ Ѵ. [+] compulsory, mandatory" obliquity,"n. departure from right principle; perversity ; Ʋ His moral decadence was marked by his obliquity from the ways of integrity and honesty. Ÿ ϰ ൿ鿡 ν Ư¡ ." obloquy,"n. ob(=against) + loqu(=say) bad words spoken of a person or thing ; ill repute ; disgrade / slander; disgrace; infamy , 弳 ; , ; Ҹ / Ÿ; I knew that if I ran for public office, I would be exposed to severe criticism, but I never expected such a flood of obloquy . ; I resent the obloquy that you are casting upon my reputation. ⸶ϸ ް Ǹ ˾ ׷Ե û ʾҴ. ; ǿ ϰ Ѵ." obnoxious,"a. ob(=to) + nox < noc(=hurt) very disagreeable ; very unpleasant ; hateful / offensive ; ; ̿ ް ִ / ӻ콺, ϴ I find no one more obnoxious than a person who insists on talking instead of listening to the brilliant and important things that I have to say. ; I find your behavior obnoxious; please mend your ways. ߿ϰ ʰ ̾߱ϱ⸦ ϴ ̿ . ; ൿ 谨 . ġ° . [+] abhorrent, repellent, repugnant, mawkish" obsession,"n. ob(=in the way) + ses (=sit) the act of an evil spirit in possessing or ruling a person ; the state of being ruled by an idea, desire, emotion, etc ; a fixed idea which takes possession of one's mind / continued brooding <ͽŵ> 鸮 ; ֱ ; ڰ / ʴ Fear of falling victim to some dread disease can become such an obsession that it actually drives a person into a nervous breakdown. ; This obsession with the supernatural has made him unpopular with his neighbors.  ɸ η Ű࿡ ɸ ϳ ڰ ִ. ; ״ ڿ Ϳ ڰ ̿鿡 α ǰ Ҵ." obsidian,"n. black volcanic rock 伮 The deposits of obsidian on the mountain slopes were an indication that the volcano had erupted in ancient times. 뿡 伮 ȭ 뿡 ߴٴ Ÿ´." obsolete,"a. outmoded; no longer useful; outdated That word is obsolete; do not use it.; New coputer systems have made old methods of data processing obsolete. ܾ ϱ . [+] outdate, outmode" obstetrician,"n. physician specializing in delivery of babies ΰ ǻ In modern times, the delivery of children has passed from the midwife to the more scientifically trained obstetrician. ó ̸ иϴ Ŀ õ ΰ ǻ翡Է Ѿ." obstreperous,"a. boisterous; noisy 糪; ò The crowd became obstreperous and shouted their disapproval of the proposals made by the speaker. ߵ . ׸ 簡 Ϳ ݴ븦 θ¢. [+] blatant, clamorous, vociferous; ׷ ϱ 糳 ò(obstreperous)" obtrude,"v. ob(=in the way, intensive) + trud/trus(=thrust) push oneself, one's opinions, etc. forward when unwanted ; force oneself upon others / push into prominence ϴ, ϴ ; Ѱ / Ѱ We were eager to be favorably impressed, but as he continued to speak, the one fact that obtruded itself on all of us was his utter incapacity for the office. ; The other members of the group object to the manner in which you obtrude your opinions into matters of no concern to you. 츮 λ ޱ⸦ װ 츮 ο Ѱ װ ɷ ٴ ̴. ; ׷ ٸ Ű ظ ϴ µ ݴѴ. [+] impose, intrude" Occident,"n. the West It will take time for the Occident to understand the ways and customs of the Orient. Ȱ İ ϴ ð ɸ ̴." occlude,"v. shut; close , ϴ A blood clot occluded an artery to the heart. . [+] plug" oculist,"n. physician who specializes in treatment of the eyes Ȱǻ In many states, an oculist is the only one who may apply medicinal drops to the eyes for the purpose of examining them. ֿ Ȱ Ǹ ˻縦 ๰ ߸ ִ ̴." odium,"n. repugnance; dislike ; Ⱦ I cannot express the odium I feel at your heinous actions. ൿ ǥ . [+] abhorrence, abomination, repulsion; [-] infatuation(Ȧ, )" odoriferous,"a. giving off an order ο The odoriferous spices stimulated her jaded appetite. ο ׳ Ŀ ڱؽ״. [+] redolent, aromatic, fragrant, odorous" odorous,"a. having an odor ο This variety of hybrid tea rose is more odorous than the one you have in your garden. ̴ ִ ͺ Ӵ. [+] odoriferous. redolent" offal,"n. waste; garbage ; In America, we discard as offal the which could feed families in less fortunate parts of the world. ̱ ״ ִ ͵ ν . [+] debris" offertory,"n. collection of money at religious ceremony ; ̻ Ϻημ The donations collected during the offertory will be assigned to our mission work abroad. Ⱓ α ؿ ̴." ogle,"v. glance coquettishly at; make eyes at ĸ ; - ũ ϴ Sitting for hours at the sidewalk cafe, the old gentleman would ogle the young girls and recall his youthful romances 氡 ī信 ð ɾ ִ ڿ ĸ 鼭 θǽ ȸϿ." omnipotent,"a. omni(=all) + pot(=capable of, powerful) + ent(=having the quality of) having infinite power / all powerful / all-powerful / We prayed to the omnipotent One for deliverance. ; The monarch regarded himself as omnipotent and responsible to no one for his acts. 츮 ſ . ; ִ ڱ⸦ ܼ ڱ ൿ ؼ Ե å ʾƵ ȴٰ ߴ. [+] almighty" omnipresent,"a. es < ess(=to be) present everywhere, ubiquitous / universally present; ϴ, 𿡳 ִ / ÿ ִ; The omnipresent canned music began to irritate her. ; On Christmas Eve, Santa Claus is omnipresent. 𿡳 ִ ڵ ׳ฦ ¥ ϱ ߴ. ; ũ 㿡 ŸŬν 𿡳 Ѵ. [+] universal" omnivorous,"a. omni(=all) + vor(=eat) + ous(=having the quality of) eating all kinds of food ; reading all kinds of books / eating everything / eating both plant and animal food; devouring everything ̰ ٸԴ,ļ ; ġ д / ; ̳ Դ Paul's omnivorous goat relishes everything from grapefruit rinds to old newspapers. ; Some animals, including man, are omnivorous and eat both meat and vegetables; others are either carnivorous or herbivorous. ƹų Դ paul Ҵ ׷ Ʈ Ź ̸ Դ´. ; ΰ ļ̶ ä ٸ ļ̰ų ƴϸ ʽļ̴." onomatopoeia,"n. words formed in imitation of natural sounds Ǽ Words like ""rustle"" and ""gargle"" are illustrations of onomatopoeia. 'rustle'̳ 'gargle' ܾ Ǽ ." onslaught,"n. vicious assault Ͱ We suffered many casualties during the unexpected onslaught of the enemy troops. 츮 ġ ߴ ͽ ޾Ƽ ڸ . [+] aggression, assailment, assault, onset" onus,"n. burden; responsibility δ; å The emperor was spared the onus of signing the surrender papers; instead, he relegated the assignment to his generals. Ȳ ׺ å ʾҴ. ״ 屺 Ź״. [+] charge, duty" opalescent,"a. iridescent ܹ鼮 The Ancient Mariner admired the opalescent sheen on the water. δ ģ ܹ鱤 źߴ." opiate,"n. sleep producer; deadener of pain ; By such opiates, she made the people forget their difficulties and accept their unpleasant circumstances. ׳ Ͽ Ͽ ׵ ذ ʴ ȯ ޾Ƶ̵ . [+] analgesic, anodyne, narcotic" opportune,"a. op < ob(=toward) + port(=carry) suitable, favorable ; good for a purpose ; done or coming at a favorable time / timely; well chosen < > , ˸´ ; <> ; ñ⿡ ´, / ñ; If you are going to wait for an occasion that seems opportune in every respect, then in all probability you will have to wait forever. ; You gave come at an opportune moment for I need a new secretary. 鿡 ϴٰ ȸ ٸٸ Ƹ ٷ ̴. ; ο 񼭸 ã ־µ ñ⿡ Դ. [+] auspicious, favorable, propitious" opportunist,"n. individual who sacrifices principles for expediency by taking advanta ȸ I do not know how he will vote on this question as he is an opportunist. ״ ȸ̱ ̹  ǥ 𸥴." opprobrium,"n. op < ob(=against) + pro(=forth) + br < fer(=carry) the disgrace or infamy attached to conduct viewed as grossly shameful ; scorn ; reproach / vilification ġ, Ҹ ; ; / , Ǵ Am I to bear the opprobrium of being regarded as a snob just because I want to associate with people of education and refinement? ; He refused to defend himself against the slander and opprobrium hurled against him by the newspapers; he preferred to rely on his record. ϰ õ ϱ⸦ Ѵٴ ӹ ƾմϱ? ; ״ Ź ڱ⿡ ۺ ߻ 񳭿 ڽ ȣ ʾҴ. ״ ſ ϱ⸦ ߴ. [+] disgrace, dishonor, disrepute, ignominy; [-] good repute( )" optician,"n. op(=eye,sight) person who makes or supplies optical instruments, especially lenses and spectacles / maker and seller of eyeglasses бⱸ, Ȱ / Ȱ Ĵ Optician prepares and sells glasses prescribed for a patient by an optometrist. ; The patient took the prescription given him by his oculist to the optician. Ȱ ˾Ȼ簡 ó Ȱ  Ǵ. ; ȯڴ Ȱ ǻ簡 ׿ ó Ȱ ." optimist,"n. optim(=best) person who is always hopeful and looks upon the bright side of things, who believes that all things happen for the best / person who looks on the bright side , õ / õ It is hard to be an optimist when everything goes against you. ; The pessimist says the glass is half-empty; the opimist says it is half-full. Ҹϰ Ǿ õ DZ ƴ. ; ڴ ִٰ ϳ ڴ ִٰ Ѵ. [+] pessimist" optimum,"a. most favorable If you wait for the optimum moment to act, you may never begin your project. ٸٸ ȹ ̴." optional,"a. opt(=choose) + ion(=state, quality) + al(=nature of) which may be chosen or not as one wishes ; not compulsory / left to one's choice , ƴ ; / At the end of every chapter in our science text, there is a group of optional questions, intended for students who wish to go more deeply into the subject. ; I was impressed by the range of opional accessories for my microcmputer that were available. 츮  ϴ л Ϸ ִ. ; ũ ǻ ִ Ǽ λ . [+] elective, nonobligatory" optometrist,"n. op(=eye,sight+metr(=measure) specialist in optometry / one who fits glasses to remedy visual defects ˾Ȼ Optometrist gives vision examinations that measure a person's ability to see. ; Although an optometrist is qualified to treat many eye disorders, she may not use medicines or surgery in her examinations. ˾Ȼ ִ ɷ ϴ ÷ ˻縦 Ѵ. ; ˾Ȼ ġ ڰ ÿ ̳ ϰ Ǿ ִ." opulence,"n. opul(=wealth) wealth, abundance , dz, dz Vistors from Europe are amazed at the opulence of this country. ; Visitors from Europe are amazed and impressed by the opulence of this country. dzο . ; 湮 Կ . [+] affluence" opus,"n. work ǰ Although many critics hailed his Fifth Symphony as his major work, he did not regard it as his major opus. 򰡵 5 ǥ ž ״ װ ֿ ǰ ʾҴ." oracular,"a. foretelling; mysterious , ϴ Oedipus could not understand the oracular warning he received. ̵Ǫ װ ޾Ҵ . [+] apocalyptic, prophetic, prophetical, sibyline" oratorio,"n. dramatic poem set to music ǿ ؽ The Glee Club decided to present an oratorio during their recital. ۸ Ŭ ȸ 丮 ̱ ߴ." orientation,"n. act of finding oneself in society ̼; Freshman orientation provides the incoming students with an opportunity to learn about their new environment and their place in it. Ի ̼ Ի鿡 ο ȯ ȯ濡 ڱ ġ ȸ Ѵ." orifice,"n. mouthlike opening; small opening ; ߲ The Howe Caverns were discovered when someone observed that a cold wind was issuing from an orifice in the hillside. Ͽ ٶ 㸮 ۿ Ҿ ߰ߵǾ. [+] aperture, outlet, vent" orison,"n. prayer ⵵ Hamlet greets Ophelia with the request ""Nymph, in thy orisons, be all my sins remembered."" ܸ ""̿, ŴϿ, ˵ ּҼ"" û ʸ Ѵ." ornate,"a. orn(=decorate) + ate(=having the quality of) richly ornamented ; full of flowery language ; not simple in style or vocabulary / excessively decorated; highly decorated ȭϰ ; <<ü>> ȭ ; ſ / ٹ; He has a very ornate writing style, using many unusual words, figures of speech, and involved constructions. ; Furniture of the Baroque period can be recognized by its ornate carvings. ״ ̻ ֿ ǥ ؼ ſ ȭ ü ִ. ; ٷũ ô ȭϰ ˾ƺ ִ. [+] baroque, flamboyant, rococo" ornithologist,"n. scientific student of birds Audubon's drawings of American bird life have been of interest not only to the ornithologists but also to the general public. ̱ ¿ κ ׸ ڻ ƴ϶ Ϲ ߵ鿡Ե ̷ο." ornithology,"n. study of birds Audubon's studies of American birds greatly influenced the course of ornithology. ̱ κ ⿡ ƴ." orotund,"a. having a round, resonant quality; inflated speech Ҹ ; üϴ The politician found that his orotund voice was asset he spoke to his constituents. ġ ڵ鿡 ڱ Ҹ ˾Ҵ. [+] consonant, resonant, rotund, sonorous; bombastic, grandiloquent, magniloquent, oratorical" orthography,"n. correct spelling öڹ Many of us find English orthography difficult to master because so many of our words are not written phonetically. 츮 κ 츮 ܾ ͵ Ҹ ʱ öڹ ϱⰡ ƴٴ ȴ." ossify,"v. change or harden into bone ȭŰ, When he called his opponent a ""bonehead,"" he implied that his adversary's brain had ossified and that he was not capable of clear thinking. װ 濡 ""û"" ҷ װ Ӹ Ÿ ̾." overt,"a. open to view According to the United States Constitution, a person must commit an overt act before he may be tried for treason. ̱ ϸ ݿ˷ Ϸ ־߸ Ѵ. [+] evident, indubitable, manifest, obvious, public" overweening,"a. presumptuous; arrogant Ÿ,Ѵ; ŵ巰Ÿ His overweening pride in his accomplishments was not justified. װ ڱ Ÿ ϴ. [+] haughty, supercilious" ovine,"a. like a sheep How ovine these true-believers were, follwing their shepherds thoughtlessly. ƹ ׵ ڵ ͽŰ 󸶳 ." ovoid,"a. egg-shaped ˸ At Easter she to cut out hundreds of brightly colored ovoid shapes. Ȱ ׳ ä 鰳 ˸ ߶󳻾 ߴ. [+] oval" pachyderm,"n. thick-skinned animal ǵ The elephant is probably the best-known pachyderm. ڳ Ƹ ˷ ̴." pacifist,"n. pac(=peace) person who believes that war should and could be abolished / one opposed to force; antimilitarist ȭ / ; ݱ Since I am convinced that violence always creates more problems than it solves, I have become a pacifist . ; The pacifists urged that we reduce our military budget and recall our troops stationed overseas. ذϱ ٴ ٴ Ȯϱ ȭ Ǿ. ; ȭڵ 츮 谨ϰ ؿܿ ֵϰ ִ 츮 ö ų ߴ." paddock,"n. saddling enclosure at race track; lot for exercising horses 渶忡 ģ ܵ; 渶 The paddock is located directly in front of the grandstand so that all may see the horse being saddled and the jockeys mounted. 渶 ϴ Ÿ ֵ Ư ٷ տ ġ ִ." paean,"n. song of praise or joy ; 뷡 Paeans celebrating the victory filled the air. ¸ ϴ ÷ ." palatial,"a. magnificent He proudly showed us through his palatial home. ״ ڶ 츮 ־. [+] impressive, regal, splendid" palaver,"n. discussion; misleading speech; chatter ? , ; ; In spite of all the palaver before the meeting, the delegates were able to conduct serious negotiations when they sat down at the conference table. ȸ ־ ұϰ ǿ ȸ ɾ ̲ ־. [+] colloquium, conference, dialogue, parley" paleontology,"n. study of prehistoric life The paleontology instructor had a superb collection of fossils. ȭ ǰ ־." palette,"n. board on which painter mixes pigments ȷƮ; At the present time, art supply stores are selling a paper palette which may be discarded after use. ó ̼ Ҹǰ ִ ȷƮ Ȱ ִ." palimpsest,"n. parchment used for second time after original writing has been erased ִ ڸ ٽ 纻 Using chemical reagents, scientists have been able to restore the original writings on many palimpsests. ڵ ȭ þ Ͽ ŵ ۵ ȸų ־." pall,"v. prow tiesome ý, The study of word lists can eventually pall and put one to sleep. ܾ δ ȴ. [+] cloy, jade" pallet,"n. small, poor bed ʶ ħ; ¤ The weary traveler went to sleep on his straw pallet. ģ డ ¤ ڸ ." palliation,"n. act of making less severe or violent Ͻ ȭ; 氨 If we cannot find a cure for this disease at the present time, we can, at least endeavor to seek its palliation. 츮 ġ  Ͻ ȭ Ű ִ." pallid,"a. pale; wan â; ۾ Because his occupation required that he work at night and sleep during the day, he had an exceptionally pallid complexion. ڰ 㿡 ؾ ϴ ״ Ȼ âߴ. [+] ashen" palpitate,"v. throb; flutter ٴ; αٰŸ As he became excited, his heart began to palpitate more and more erratically. װ ұĢϰ ٱ ߴ. [+] pulsate" panache,"n. flair, flamboyance ; ġ Many performers imitate Noel Coward, but few have his panache and sense of style. ڵ 뿤 ڿ带 ŸϿ ׿ ɰ . [+] talent; pretense, vainglory, vanity" pandemonium,"n. demon(=demon) wild and noisy disorder / wild tumult , ȥ, The station was pandemonium at rush hour. ; When feared the AIDS epidemic would soon reach pandemic proportions. þƿ ȥ ̷. ; ׵  ϴ ϴ ɱ η. [+] clamor, hubbub, uproar" pander,"v. cater to the low desires of others ϴ,(񵵴) ϴ Books which pander to man's lowest instincts should be banned. ΰ ɿ ϴ å Ǿ Ѵ." panoply,"n. op < hop(=arms) complete suit of armor ; splendid array / full set of armor ѹ ; / ѹ The king's knights were in full panoply . ; The medieval! knight in full panoply found his movements limited by the weight of his armor. ܴ Ծ. ; ߼ װ͵ ӿ ." panorama,"n. orama(=view) wide, uninterrupted view / comprehensive view; unobstructed view in all directions ij, / ; We beheld the magnificent panorama of the Rockies. ; Tourists never forget the impact of their first panorama of the Grand Canyon. 츮 Ű ѺҴ. ; డ ׷ ij ó Ѵ." pantomime,"n. mim(=mimic) acting without words / acting without dialogue , , Because he worked in pantomime , the clown could be understood wherever he appeared. ; Because he worked in pantomime, the clown could be understood wherever he appeared. ߱ ð߱ װ 𼭳 ص ־. ; ߱ װ Ÿ صǾ." papyrus,"n. ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant Ƿ罺 The ancient Egyptians were among the first to write on papyrus. Ʈε Ƿ罺 ϳ." parallelism,"n. par < para(=beside, side by side) + al (=other) the state of never meeting because always at the same distance from each other ; similarity / state of being parallel; , , ; , It may be doubted whether there is any exact parallelism between muscular strength and hairiness. ; There is a striking parallelism between the twins. ٿ а ̿  Ȯ ִ ǽ ִ. ; ֵ ִ. [+] analogy, comparison" parameter,"n. para(=beside) + meter(=measure) characteristic or determining feature / limits; independent variable , Ű / Ķ, The first thing we must do is to establish the parameters of the problem, so that we can begin to think in terms of a practical solution. ; We need to define the parameters of the problem. 츮 ؾ Ű ؼ ذ ϱ ֵ ϴ ̴. ; 츮 Ȯ ϴ ʿϴ." paramour,"n. illicit lover ; She sought a divorce on the grounds that her husband had a paramour in another town. ׳ ٸ ÿ θ ξٴ ȥ ϰ ߴ." paranoiac,"n. mentally unsound person suffering from delusions ȯ Although he is obviously suffering from delusions, I hesitate to call him a paranoiac. и ״ ް ׸ ȯڶ θ ʴ." parapet,"n. low wall at edge of roof or balcony ̳ ڴ ִ ; The best way to attack the soldiers fighting behind the parapets on the roof is by bombardment from the air. ڿ ο ִ ϴ ߿ ϴ ̴. [+] rampart" paraphernalia,"n. equipment; odds and ends ; ⵿ His desk was cluttered with paper, pen , ink, dictionary and other paraphernalia of the writing craft. å , , ũ, , ׸ Ÿ ٸ ʱ⵵ ־." paraphrase,"n. para(=beside) + phras(=say) restatement of the meaning of a piece of writing in other words / restate a passage in one's own words while retaining thought of author ٲپ , ǿ / ٲ㼭 ϴ Some of the most famous passages in Shakespeare's plays turn out to be loose paraphrase of Holinshed's Chronicles or North's translation of Plutarch. ; In 250 words or less, paraphrase this article. Shakespeare  Holinshed ⳪ North Plutarch ٲپ 巯. ; 250ܾ ̳ 縦 ˱ ٲپ ϶. [+] rephrase, restate" parasite,"n. para(=beside) + sit(=food, grain) animal or plant living on or in another and getting its food from it ; person supported by another and giving him nothing in return / animal or plant living on another; toady; sycophant Ĺ, ; , İ / ÷; ÷ I'm quite willing to be a parasite ; my trouble is that I can't find anydne to support me. ; The tapeworm is an example of the kind of parasite that may infest the human body. İ ǰ ʹ. Կ ã . ; ü ظ ĥ ִ ." parched,"a. extremely dry; very thirsty , ٽ The parched desert landscape seemed hostile to life. ٽ 縷 dz ⿡ ." paregoric,"n. medicine that eases pain The doctor prescribed a paregoric to alleviate his suffering. ǻ ֱ ó ߴ. [+] analgesic, anesthetic, anodyne, balm" pariah,"n. social outcast ζ I am not a pariah to be shunned and ostracized. ϰ ô ׷ ζڴ ƴϴ. [+] derelict" parity,"n. equality; close resemblance ; I find your analogy inaccurate because I do not see the parity between the two illustrations. ΰ ̿ ã ߰ Ȯ ʴٴ ִ. [+] analogy, equality, equivalence, parallelism" parlance,"n. language; idiom ; All this legal parlance confuses me; I need an interpreter. ȥŲ. ؼ ʿ Ѵ. [+] phrase" parlous,"a. dangerous; perilous In these parlous times, we must overcome the work of saboteurs and propagandists. ñ⿡ 츮 纸Ÿϴ ڵ غؾ Ѵ." parricide,"n. person who murders his own father; murder of a father ģ ;  The jury was shocked by the details of this vicious parricide and found the man who had killed his father guilty of murder in the first degree. ģ ڼ 뿡 ģ ع ϱ ˰ ˾Ҵ. [+] patricide" parry,"v. ward off a blow ޾Ƴѱ; ȸϴ He was content to wage a defensive battle and tried to parry his opponent's thrusts. ״ ϴ Ϳ ߱ Ϸ ֽ. [+] deflect" partial,"a. part(=part) + i(=s.e.) + al(=nature of) forming only a part ; showing too much favor to one person or side ; having a liking for / incomplete κ,Ϻκ ; Ұ,, ġģ ; ... ϴ / , ϴ I am making only a partial payment at the present time and will pay off the balance in installments. ; In this issue we have published only a partial list of contributors because we lack space to acknowledge everyone. Ϻκи ϰ ҷ ڽϴ. ; Ʊ ؼ ̹ ȣ 츮 ⿩ڵ κ Ʈ Ǿ." partiality,"n. inclination; bias ; As a judge, not only must I be unbiased, but I must also avoid any evidence of partiality when I award the prize. ɻ μ ؾ ƴ϶  ǥ ؾ Ѵ. [+] penchant, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency; prejudice" parturition,"n. delivery; childbirth и; The difficulties anticipated by the obstetricians at parturition did not materialize; it was a normal delivery. и ΰ ǻ鿡 Ǵ . װ и̾." parvenu,"n. upstart; newly rich person ⼼; Although extremely wealthy, he was regarded as a parvenu by the aristocratic members of society. ״ ڿ ȸ 鿡Դ η ֵǾ." passe,"a. old-fashioned; past the prime ; ⸦ Her style is passe and reminiscent of the Victorian era. ׳ Ÿ ̾ 丮 ô븦 Ѵ. [+] outdated, outmoded" passive,"a. not active; acted upon ; - ൿϴ Mahatma Gandhi urged his followers to pursue a program of passive resistance as he felt that it was more effective than violence and acts of terrorism. Ʈ ұ ° ׷ ȿ̶ ߱ ڵ鿡 ұ ϵ ˱ߴ. [+] acquiescent, submissive" pastiche,"n. imitation of another's style in musical composition or in writing ,,̼ ǰ We cannot even say that her music is a pastiche of this composer or that; it is, rather, reminiscent of many musicians. ׳ ̷ ۰ڵ ̶ . ǰ ̴." pathological,"a. pertaining to disease , As we study the pathological aspects of this disease, we must not overlook the psychological elements. 츮 ɸ ҵ ؼ ȵȴ." patois,"n. local or provincial dialect His years of study of the language at the university did not enable him to understand the patois of the natives. п Ⱓ ұϰ ״ . [+] dialect" patricide,"n. person who murders his father; murder of a father ģ ; ģ The words parricide and patricide have exactly the same meaning. Parricide patricide ģ ض Ȱ ǹ̸ ̴ܾ. [+] parricide" peculate,"v. steal; embezzle ġ; Ⱦϴ, ϴ Her peculations were not discovered until the auditors found discrepancies in the financial statements. ȸ 繫ǥ ̸ ߰ϰ ׳డ Ⱦ . [+] defalcate" peculation,"n. embezzlement; theft Ⱦ; His peculations were not discovered until the auditors found discrepancies in the financial statements. ȸ谨 繫ǥ ġ ̸ ߰ϰ װ Ⱦ ǵ ߰Ǿ. [+] defalcation" pecuniary,"a. pertaining to money I never expected a pecuniary reward for my work in this activity. Ȱ Ͽ Ͽ ٶ ʾҴ. [+] financial, monetary" pedagogue,"n. teacher; dull and formal teacher ; He could never be a stuffy pedagogue; his classes were always lively and filled with humor. ״ . ݵ Ȱϰ Ӱ ִ. [+] instructor, tutor" pedagogy,"n. teaching; art of education , Though Maria Montessori gained fame for her innovations in pedagogy, it took years before her teaching techniques were common practice in American schools. ׼Ҹ п ص ׳ ̱ б Ϲ ɷȴ." pedant,"n. scholar who overemphasizes book learning or technicalities н̳ ġ ϴ , Her insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather than a scholar. å ϱϿ ȴٴ ׳ ׳ฦ ڶ⺸ٴ ڷ Ư¡." pediatrician,"n. ped+iatr(=child+healing) physician who specializes in pediatrics / expert in children's diseases Ҿư ǻ / Ҿư Pediatricians have had several years of study concentrated on child health and diseases. ; The family doctor advised the parents to consult a pediatrician about their child's ailment. Ҿư ǻ  ǰ ߵ ؿԴ. ; ġǴ θ鿡 ڽ Ͽ Ҿư ǿ ߴ." pediment,"n. triangular part above columns in Greek buildings ڰ(ǹ õ ġ κ) The pediment of the building was filled with sculptures and adorned with elaborate scrollwork. ǹ ڰ á ҿ뵹 ٸ." pelf,"n. stolen property; money or wealth in a contemptuous sense ; ǹ̷ Your possessions are only pelf; they will give you no lasting pleasure. 繰 ̹Ƿ ſ ̴." pell-mell,"a. in confusion; disorderly Ͽ; ϰ, ڹ The excited students dashed pell-mell into the stadium to celebrate the victory. л ¸ ϱ 츣 Դ. [+] frantically, madly" pellucid,"a. transparent; limpid; easy to understand ; ; After reading these stodgy philosophers, I find his pellucid style very enjoyable. ̷ öڵ ǰ о Ŀ ü ſ ˾Ҵ. [+] lucent, lucid, translucent" penance,"n. self-imposed punishment for sin ȸ; , ؼ The Ancient Mariner said, ""I have penance done and penance mere will do."" To atone for the sin of killing the albatross. δ õ ˸ ϱ ' ˸ ߰ ̴.' ߴ. [+] compunction, contrition, penitence, remorse, repentance, rue" pendant,"a. hanging down from something Ŵ޸ Her pendant earrings glistened in the light. ׳ þ߸ Ͱ̰ ¦ŷȴ. [+] pendent, pendulent, pendulous" pendent,"a. suspended; jutting; pending ̰; ; The pendent rock hid the entrance to the cave. Ƣ Ա ״. [+] pendant, pendulant, pendulous; undecided, undetermined" pendulous,"a. hanging; suspended ɷִ; ִ The pendulous chandeliers swayed in the breeze and gave the impression that they were about to fall from the ceiling. Ŵ޷ִ 鸮 ٶ õκ Ҵ. [+] pendant, pendent, pendulant" penitent,"a. repentant ˸ ġ When he realized the enormity of his crime, he became remorseful and penitent. ״ ڱ Ǽ ݰ å ȸϿ. [+] contrite, remorseful" pennate,"a. having wings or feathers ޸ The pennate leaves of the sumac remind us of feathers. ִ ٵ 츮 Ѵ." penumbra,"n. partial shadow in an eclipse ()Ŀ ݿ During an eclipse, we can see an area of total darkness and a lighter area which is the penumbra. () ִ 츮 ü ΰ ο ݿκ ִ. [+] adumbration" penurious,"a. stingy; parsimonious λ; He was a penurious man, averse to spending money even for the necessities of life. ״ λ ̾ Ȱʼǰ ߴ. [+] niggardly, miserly" penury,"n. extreme poverty We find much penury and suffering in this slum area. 츮 ΰ . [+] destitution, impecuniousness, impoverishment, indigence" peon,"n. unskilled laborer; drudge 뵿 He was doomed to be a peon, to live a lowly life of drudgery and toil. ״ ϸ ʶ ư 뵿 . [+] drudge" percussion,"n. striking one object against another sharply 浹; The drum is a percussion instrument. 巳 ŸDZ. [+] collision, crash, impact" perdition,"n. damnation; complete ruin ; ĸ He was damned to eternal perdition. ״ ĸ ֹ޾Ҵ. [+] downfall" perfidious,"a. per(=through, falsely) + fid(=trust) faithless ; treacherous / basely false ҽ,Ҽ ; ϴ, ִ / ִ, His intense greed and lack of confidence in our good faith turned him into a perfidious associate who sold our formulas to the competitors. ; Your perfidious gossip is malicious and dangerous. Ž 츮 ǿ ڽŰ Ῡ ״ ڰ Ǿ 츮 ڵ鿡 ȾƳѰ. ; ҹ ǰ ְ 轺. [+] disloyal, recreant, treacherous" perforate,"v. pierce; put a hole through մ, ϴ Before you can open the aspirin bottle, you must first perforate the plasc safety seal that covers the cap. ʴ ƽǸ Ѳ ִ öƽ վ߸ Ѵ. [+] penetrate" perforce,"a. of necessity ε; ʿ, , I must perforce leave, as my train is about to start. ̸ Ѵ. [+] inevitably, unavoidably" perigee,"n. ge(o)(=earth) point in an orbit of a planet or spacecraft at which it is closest to the earth / point of moon's orbit when it is nearest the earth / ( ) The unusually low tide tonight is due to the moon's perigee . ; The rocket which was designed to take photographs of the moon was launched as the moon approached its perigee. ̻ϰ ֱ ̴. ; ȵ Ʈ ߻Ǿ." perimeter,"n. meter(=measure) outer boundary of a closed figure, a military position, an airfield, etc. , ְ, ֺ / ֺ A stone wall marked the field's perimeter . ; To find the perimeter of any quadrilateral, we add the lengths of the four sides. 踦 ǥߴ. ; 纯 ѷ ̸ ϸ ִ. [+] circumference, periphery" peripheral,"a. pher(=carry) of external boundary or surface / marginal; outer , ܰ / ֺ The disease impaired her peripheral vision. ; We lived, not in central London, but in one of those peripheral suburbs that spring up on the outskirts of a great city. ׳ ýŰ ջ״. ; 츮 ߽ɰ ƴ϶ 뵵 ܰ ֺ Ҵ. [+] exterior, neighboring" peristyle,"n. styl(=column) row of columns surrounding a temple, court, etc. / series of columns surrounding a building or yard , ֶ / ǹ̳ ѷΰ ִ Ϸ յ, ֶ(֪) The cloister was surrounded by a peristyle reminiscent of the Parthenon. ; The cloister was surrounded by a peristyle reminiscent of the Parthenon. ĸ׳ ϴ ַ ѷο. ; ĸ׳ ȸϰ ϴ ַ ѷο." permeable,"a. porous; allowing passage through ħ; ִ Glass is permeable to light. ų ִ. [+] penetrable, pervious" peroration,"n. conclusion of an oration The peroration was largely hortatory and brought the audience to its feet clamoring for action at its close. ǰ̶ ûߵ װ ߷ ò Ҷ ǿ Ǿ." perpetrate,"v. commit an offense ˸ Only an insane person could perpetrate such a horrible crime. ģ ׷ ˸ ̴. [+] perform" perpetual,"a. per(=through, throughout) + pet(=seek, strive) never-ending ; going on for a long time or without stopping ; continual ; often repeated / everlasting; continuing forever; constant , ϴ ; δ, Ӿ ; ; Ǯ Ǵ, / ; Presidents, congressmen, and other officials come and go, but the principles of democracy and freedom on which our government rests are perpetual . ; Ponce de Leon hoped to find perpetual youth.; Bathing in the Fountain of Youth is supposed to assure perpetual beauty. ,ȸǿ,׸ ٸ ڵ 츮 ΰ ٰŸ ΰִ ǿ ϴ . ; ã ;ߴ. [+] ceaseless, constant, continuous, interminable, unceasing; [-] intermittent()" persiflage,"n. flippant conversation; banter ; This persiflage is not appropriate when we have such serious problems to discuss. 츮 ׷ ġ ϴ. [+] badinage" personable,"a. attractive ŷ The man I am seeking to fill this position must be personable since he will be representing us before the public. ã տ 츮 ǥ ̱ ŷ̾ Ѵ. [+] charming" perspicacious,"a. per(=through) + spic(=look) quick to judge and understand / having insight; penetrating; astute ذ , , Ѹ / ִ; ϱ ; The old judge seemed to be half asleep, but we soon discovered that he was highly perspicacious not only in the legal matters but also in his insight into human nature. ; The brilliant lawyer was known for his perspicacious deductions. ǻ簡 ִ 츮 װ Ӹ ƴ϶ ΰ վ µ ϴٴ ˾Ҵ. ; پ ȣ ִ ߷ ̸ ִ. [+] discerning, intelligent" perspicuity,"n. clearness of expression! freedom from ambiguity ; ȣ One of the outstanding features of this book is the perspicuity of its author; her meaning is always clear. å پ Ư¡ ϳ ۰ ̴. ׳ ϴ ٴ Ȯϴ. [+] limpidity, lucidity" perspicuous,"a. plainly expressed Her perspicuous comments eliminated all possibility of misinterpretation. ׳ ״. [+] lucent, lucid, luculent, luminous, pellucid, unambiguous" pert,"a. impertinent; forward ; , ǹ I think your pert and impudent remarks call for an apology. ǹ ġ ߾ Ϳ ؾ Ѵٰ Ѵ. [+] audacious, brazen, saucy" pertinacious,"a. per(=intensive) + tin < ten(=hold) not easily giving up what has been started ; unyielding ; determined / stubborn; persistent ϰ, , ܰ ; ұ ; When he continued to go out for the varsity basketball after having been cut several times, was he being foolishly stubborn or commendably pertinacious ? ; obstinate, perverse, refractory Ŀ װ ǥ ãƳ װ Ե ϱ? ƴϸ Ī ŭ ϱ? ; He is bound to succeed because his pertinacious nature will not permit him to quit. [+] obstinate, perverse, refractory" perturbation,"n. agitation ; ȥ I fail to understand why such an innocent remark should create such perturbation. ׷ ׷ 並 Ű ϴ Ѵ." perusal,"n. reading ; I am certain that you have missed important details in your rapid perusal of this document. дٰ ߿ ߷ȴٰ ȮѴ." perversion,"n. corruption; turning from right to wrong Ÿ; Inasmuch as he had no motive for his crimes, we could not understand his perversion. װ ⸦ ʾұ 츮 Ÿ . [+] depravity, iniquity" perversity,"n. stubborn maintenance of a wrong cause ܰ I cannot forgive your perversity in repeating such an impossible story. ׷ Ұ ֱ Ǯϴ 뼭 . [+] obstinacy, waywardness" pervious,"a. penetrable ϰ ϴ; ִ He has a pervious mind and readily accepts new ideas. ״ ϴ ̶ ο ̵ ޾ 帰." pessimism,"n. belief that life is basically bad or evil; gloominess ; The good news we have been receiving lately indicates that there is little reason for your pessimism. 츮 ֱ ҽ ǿ ƹ ٴ ̴." pestilential,"a. causing plague; baneful Ű; 븦 , طο People were afraid to explore the pestilential swamp. طο Žϱ ߴ. [+] noxious, pernicious" pestle,"n. tool for mashing or grinding substances in a hard bowl Form the way in which the elderly pharmacist pounded the drug with his pestle, young George could tell that his employer was agitated about something. ̵ 簡  °  װ ΰ ȭ ִ ־." petrify,"v. turn to stone ϴ; ڽϰ ϴ His sudden and unexpected appearance seemed to petrify her. װ ۽ ġ ʰ Ÿ Ϳ ׳ ¦ Ҵ. [+] calcify, fossilize, paralyze, stun" pharisaical,"a. pertaining to the Pharisees; self-righteous; hypocritical ߽ߴ ٸε; ; Walter Lippman has pointed out that moralists who do not attempt to explain the moral code they advocate are often regarded as pharisaical and ignored. âϸ鼭 Ϸ ʴ ֵǾ ôѴٴ ߴ." phenomena,"n. observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation We kept careful records of the phenomena we noted in the course of these experiments. 츮 ָߴ ɽ ߴ." phial,"n. small bottle Even though it is small, this phial of perfume is expensive. δ." philander,"v. make love lightly; flirt ýϰ ϴ; ڸ ٴϴ; ϴ Do not philander with my affections because love is too serious. ʹ ϱ ϰ ƶ." philanthropist,"n. lover of mankind; doer of good ھ; ڼ As he grew older, he became famous as a philanthropist and benefactor of the needy. ״ ̰ ھڷμ Ǫ ̷μ ." philatelist,"n. stamp-collector ǥ When she heard the value of the Penny Black stamp, Phyllis was inspired to become a philatelist. ʸ ǥ ġ ǥ DZ⸦ ߴ." philology,"n. phil(=love) study of the development of language, or of particular languages / study of language The professor of philology advocated the use of Esperanto as an international language. ; The professor of philology advocated the use of Esperanto as an international language. ڴ μ ߴ. ;  ߴ. [+] linguistics" phobia,"n. morbid fear Her fear of flying was more than mere nervousness; it was a real phobia. ࿡ ׳ ܼ Ű ̻̾. װ ." physiognomy,"n. face λ; He prided himself of his ability to analyze a person's character by studying his physiognomy. ״ Ͽ м ɷ ִٰ ڶߴ. [+] countenance, visage" physiological,"a. pertaining to the science of the function of living organisms To understand this disease fully, we must examine not only its physiological aspects but also its psychological elements. ϱ ؼ 鿡 Ӹ ƴ϶ ɸ ҵ ؾ Ѵ." picaresque,"a. pertaining to rogues in literature ""Tom Jones"" has been hailed as one of the best picaresque novels in the English language. ' ' پ Ҽ ϳ ִ." piebald,"a. mottled; spotted ; You should be able to identify this horse easily as it is the only piebald horse in the race; the others are all one color. 渶 ߿ 踻̱ Ȯ ̴. ٸ ̴ܻ. [+] brindled, pied" pied,"a. variegated; multicolored ; The Pied Piper of Hamelin got his name from the multicolored clothing he wore. Ǹ ٻ Ǹδ ̶ ̸ װ Դ. [+] bridle, piebald; [-] solid-colored(̰ )" piety,"n. devoutness; reverence for God / žӽ; Living her life in prayer and good works, Mother Teresa exemplifies the true spirit of piety. ⵵ ϸ ƿԱ ׷ ȥ Ƿʰ ȴ. [+] devotion, veneration, worship" pillage,"n.v. pil plunder especially in war / deprive of money or property by violence, loot <<Ư >>Ż,Ż / Ż<<Ż>>ϴ / Żϴ The sale of so many great works of art to foreign museums and collectors is, in my eyes, little more than pillage of our cultural treasures. ; The enemy pillaged the quiet village and left it in ruins. ܱ ڹ 鿡 ׷ ǰ Ⱦ ѱ ⿣ 츮 ȭ Ż ̴. ; ŻϿ ȴ. [+] despoil, depredate, ravage, spoliate" pillory,"v. punish by placing in a wooden frame and subjecting to ridicule Ÿ ; Į Even though he was mocked and pilloried, he maintained that he was correct in his beliefs. ״ ϰ Ÿ Ǿ ڱ ų Ǵٰ ߴ." pinion,"v. restrain ; ӹϴ They pinioned his arms against his body but left his legs free so that he could move about. ׵ ٵž ٸ ο ״ ̸ ־. [+] bridle(cf. ,), fetter, manacle, shackle, tether" pinnacle,"n. pin(=dom) tall, pointed ornament built on to a roof or buttress ; high, slender mountain peak ; highest point ? ÷ž ; 츮; ְ, / ž; It is a sobering thought that when one has reached the pinnacle of a mountain, there is nowhere to go but down. ; We could see the morning sunlight illuminate the pinnacle while the rest of the mountain lay in shadow. ö ۿ ٴ ö ̴. ; 츮 겿⿡ ħ ޺ ġ ־ κ ״ ־. [+] acme, apex, climax, culmination, summit, zenith" piquant,"a. pleasantly tart-tasting; stimulating () , ڱ, ; The piquant sauce added to our enjoyment of the meal. ҽ Ļ . [+] poignant, pungent" pique,"n. irritation; resentment ȭ; She showed he pique by her refusal to appear with the other contestants at the end of the contest. ׳ ȸ ٸ ڿ Ÿ ν ڱ 巯´. [+] umbrage, exasperation, provocation; [-] molify(޷)" piscatorial,"a. pertaining to fishing ; He spent many happy hours at the lake in his piscatorial activities. ״ ȣ ø ϸ ð ູϰ ´." pithy,"a. concise; meaty ; ༺ ִ I enjoy reading his essays because they are always compact and pithy. ̰ ª ϱ д´. [+] epigrammatic, laconic, succinct terse" pittance,"n. a small allowance or wage ణ ̳ ӱ He could not live on the pittance he received as a pension and had to look for an additional source of revenue. ״ ޴ δ  μԿ ãƾ߸ ߴ." placid,"a. peaceful; calm ; After his vacation in this placid section, he felt soothed and rested. ״ Ǿ . [+] composed, halcyon, poised, serene, tranquil" plagiarism,"n. plagi(=oblique) taking and using somebody's ideas, words, etc. as if they were one's own / theft of another's ideas or writings passed off as original ǥ He insisted that my new comosition is a plagiarism . ; The editor recognized the plagiarism and rebuked the culprit who had presented the manuscript as original. ״ ۹ ǥ ̶ Ѵ. ; ڴ ǥ ˰ â ؼ ڸ åߴ." plagiarize,"v. steal another's ideas and pass them off as one's own ǥϴ The editor could tell that writer had plagiarized parts of the article; he could recognize whole paragraphs from the original source. ڴ ۰ κ ǥϿ ־µ ״ ó ˾ƺ ־ ̴." plangent,"a. plaintive; resounding sadly ; 鸮 Although we could not understand the words of the song, we got the impression from the plangent tones of the singers that it was a lament of some kind. 츮 뷡 縦 뷡  뷡 ޾Ҵ." plauditory,"a. approving; applauding ϴ; Īϴ The theatrical company the plauditory comments of the critics in its advertisement. ȸ 򰡵 縦 ״ Ǿ. [+] laudatory" plebiscite,"n. expression! of the will of a people by direct election ǥ I think this matter is so important that it should be decided not by a handful of legislators but by a plebiscite of the entire nation. ߿ϹǷ Ҽ ȸ ǿ鿡 ؼ ٴ ǥ Ǿ Ѵٰ Ѵ. [+] referendum" plenary,"a. plen(=fill) + ary(=relating to) unlimited ; absolute ; attended by all who have a right to attend / complete; full <<Ƿ, >> ; , ; <<ȸǰ>>⼮ / Sitting before the fire, puffing his pipe, after an excellent meal, he was in a state of plenary contentment. ; The union leader was given plenary power to negotiate a new contract with the employers. Ļ縦 ϰ 踦 ǿ鼭 κ տ ɾƼ ״ ¿. ; ڴ ֿ ִ ο ޾Ҵ. [+] absolute, thorough" plenipotentiary,"a. fully empowered Since he was not given plenipotentiary powers by his government, he could not commit his country without consulting his superiors. ״ ηκ ߱ ڱ ʰ ڱ ñ . [+] authorized" plenitude,"n. abundance; completeness dz; Looking in the pantry, we admired the plenitude of fruits and pickles we had preserved during the summer. ǰâ ѷ鼭 츮 ߴ Ŭ Ͽ źߴ. [+] affluence, opulence, plenty, profusion, sufficiency, entirety, wholeness" pluck,"n. excess; overabundance , / She offered a plethora of reasons for her shortcomings. ׳ ڱ ؼ ʹ ޾Ҵ. [+] superfluity, surplus" plumb,"a. checking perpendicularity; vertical ߷ ; Before hanging wallpaper it is advisable to drop a plumb line from the ceiling as a guide. ٸ ħν õ ׾ ٶϴ. [-] examine superficially(ǻ ϴ)" podiatrist,"n. doctor who treats ailments of the feet () He consulted a podiatrist about his fallen arches. ״ ġ ǿ ߴ. [+] chiropodist" podium,"n. pedestal; raised platform ; ִ; The audience applauded as the conductor made his way to the podium. û ڰ ִ밡 ִ ä ´." politic,"a. polit(=city) + ic(=nature of) acting or judging wisely,prudent ; artful ; political / expedient; well devised ,кִ,ο ; å,Ȱ ; ,ġ It is hardly politic for someone who hopes to win a popularity contest to go about making such brutally frank remarks. ; Even though he was disappointed, he did not think it politic to refuse this offer. α £ ̱ ϴ ׷ ϴ кִ ƴϴ. ; ״ Ǹ ʾ ϴ ʴٰ ߴ. [+] discreet, judicious" polity,"n. form of government of nation or state ; ü Our polity should be devoted to the concept that the government should strive for the good of all citizens. 츮 ü ΰ ؾ Ѵٴ 信 ؾ Ѵ." poltroon,"n. coward Only a poltroon would so betray his comrades at such a dangerous time. ׷ ñ⿡ ̴. [+] dastard, craven" polygamist,"n. gam(=marriage) man who practices polygamy / one who has more than one spouse at a time Ϻδó / Ϻδó The polygamist was confronted by his two wives. ; He was arrested as a polygamist when his two wives filed complaints about him. Ϻδóڴ ڱ ΰ ϰ Ǿ. ; Ƴ Ͽ ״ Ϻδóڷ ӵǾ." polyglot,"n.a. glot(=tongue,language) polyglot person, or book / knowing, using, written in, many languages / speaking several languages  , å /  ƴ<>, / ϴ,  ƴ The polyglot spoke six languages fluently. ; New York City is a polyglot community because of the thousands of immigrants who settle there.  ϴ  âϰ Ѵ. ; ô ű⿡ ϴ õ ̹ڵ  Ǵ ȸ." pommel,"v. beat ġ The severity with which he was pommeled was indicated by the bruises he displayed on his head and face. װ ε Ȥ Ӹ 󱼿 ǥõ Ÿڻ Ÿ." pomposity,"n. self-important behavior; action like a stuffed shirt ? ü Although the commencement speaker had some good things to say, we had to laugh at his pomposity and general air of parading his own dignity. ϴ ΰ ϰ 츮 Ϸ µ . [+] bombast, ostentation" porphyry,"n. igneous rock containing feldspar or quartz crystals ݾ(ȭ ) The porphyry used by the Egyptians in their buildings was purplish in color Ʈε ǹ鿡 ϴ ݾ ֻ̾." portend,"v. foretell; presage - ̸ ˸; - Ǵ The king did not know what these omens might portend and asked his soothsayers to interpret them. ϴ ̿ ؼ ޶ Źߴ. [+] adumbrate, augur, bode, forebode, forecast, foreshadow, foreshow, omen, predict, prognosticate, prophesy" portentous,"a. ominous; serious ұ; I regard our present difficulties and dissatisfactions as portentous omens of future disaster. 츮 Ҹ ̷ 糭 ұ μ Ѵ." portly,"a. port(=carry) stout, round and fat / stately; <߳ > , ưư, / dzä; Who would have expected to see the portly old gentleman move so quickly in running for the bus? ; The overweight gentleman was referred to as portly by the polite salesclerk. ׶ Ż簡 Ÿ ׷ ̴ ? ; ׶ Ż翡 ϴٰ ߴ. [+] corpulent, obese" postprandial,"a. prand(=meal) after the meal / after dinner / ; Ļ The most objectionable feature of these formal banquets is the postprandial speech. ; The most objectionable feature of these formal banquets if the postprandial speech. ̵ ȸ ̴. ; ȸ Ư¡ ̴." potable,"a. suitable for drinking ñ⿡ The recent drought in the Middle Atlantic States has emphasized the need for extensive research in ways of making sea water potable. ߺ 뼭 ֵ鿡 ֱ ٴ幰 ļ ʿ伺 Ǿ. [+] drinkable" potent,"a. pot(=powerful) + ent(=having the quality of) having authority or power, mighty, influential ; effective or powerful in action as a drug or drink ; able to have an erection and hence to engage in sexual intercourse / persuasive; greatly influential , ִ ; ȿִ, <<>> ; ɷ ִ / ִ, ִ Walter's brilliant record at Cal Tech seems to me a potent argument for taking four full years of mathematics in high school. ; The jury was swayed by the highly potent testimony of the crime's sole eyewiness. Walter ĶϾ п پ ⿣ б 4Ⱓ ̼ Ǵ . ; ɿ ˸ ϰ ſ Ǿ. [+] forceful, mighty" potentate,"n. monarch; sovereign ; ֱ The potentate spent more time at Monte Carol than he did at home on his throne. ִ īѷο ð ´." potential,"a. expressing possibility; latent - ɼ ִ; / ϴ This juvenile delinquent is a potential murderer. ûҳ ڴ ɼ ִ. [+] abeyant, dormant, quiescent" potion,"n. dose of liquid ô 1ȸ з Tristan Isolde drink a love potion in the first act of the opera. Ʈź 1忡 Ŵ." potpourri,"n. heterogenous mixture; medley ׷; ȥ; He offered a potpourri of folk songs from many lands. ״ ο並 ޵鸮 Ҵ. [+] cf. porphyry (ݾ)" poultice,"n. soothing application applied to sore and inflamed portions of the bod He was advised to apply a flax-seed poultice to the inflammation. ״ ƹ̾ ٸ ǰ ޾Ҵ." practicable,"a. feasible ǿ; ִ The board of directors decided that plan was practicable and agreed to undertake the project. ȸ ȹ ϴٰ Ͽ ϱ ߴ. [+] feasible, possible" practical,"a. based on experience; useful ; ; He was a practical man, opposed to theory. ״ ߱ϴ ̾ ̷п ݴߴ. [+] practicable, pragmatic" pragmatist,"n. practical person ǿ No pragmatist enjoys becoming involved in a game which he can never win. ǿڴ ̱ ⿡ ϱ ȾѴ." prate,"v. speak foolishly; boast idly ٶ; ϴ Let us not prate about our qualities; rather, let our virtues speak for themselves. 츮 Ӽ 츮 ̴ ޵ . [+] chatter, brag, gasconade, vaunt" preamble,"n. pre(=before) + ambl < ambul(=walk, go) introduction or preliminary statement, especially to a formal statememt / introductory statement [Ĺ ], I could see that his long,sad story about his bad luck was only the preamble to a request for a loan. ; In the preamble to the Constitution, the purpose of the document is set forth. ࿡ ̾߱ ٶ 䱸 ̶ ־. ; Ǿ ִ." preciosity,"n. overrefinement in art or speech ̳ ġ ; ٷο Roxane, in the play ""Cyrano de Bergerac,"" illustrates the extent to which preciosity was carried in French society. ϼ?'Cyrano de Bergerac'̶ ؿ ̳ ٷο ȸ ϴ ְ ִ." precipice,"n. pre(=before) + cip < cap(=head, take) vertical or very steep face of a rock, cliff or mountain / dangerous position , The guard rail on the mountain road was rainforced to prevent any cars from skidding over the edge of the precipice . ; Suddenly Indiana Jones found himself dangling from the edge of a precipice. ڸ ̲ 濡 ưưϰ صξϴ. ; εֳ ڽ Ŵ޷ ˾Ҵ." predatory,"a. plundering , Żϴ The hawk is a predatory bird. Ŵ ļ . [+] carnivorous" prefatory,"a. pre(=before) + fa(=say) of a preface, introductory , Ӹ / We knew that we were in for a stormy session when her prefatory remarks referred to ""some surprising fact that have come to my attention."" ; The chairman made a few prefatory remarks before he called on the first speaker. ׳డ ο "" Ǹ ǵ"" 츮 ȸǰ ־. ; ȸڴ ù ° 縦 ûϱ Ұ ߴ. [+] preliminary" prehensile,"a. capable of grasping or holding ִ Monkeys use not only their arms and legs but also their prehensile tails in traveling through the trees. ̴ ̷ ̵ϴµ Ȱ ٸ ƴ϶ ְ Ѵ." premeditate,"v. plan in advance ̸ ȹϴ She had premeditated the murder for months, reading about common poisons and buying weed killer that contained arsenic. ׳ Ϲ ࿡ ϰ Ұ ̸ ȹߴ. [+] precogitate, predetermine" premonition,"n. pre(=before) + mon(=warn, advise, remind) feel of uneasiness considerd as a warning of approaching danger, etc. / forewarning , , / The reason some people take premonitions seriously is that they tend to remember the few that are fulfilled rather than the many that prove pointless. ; We ignored these premonitions of disaster because they appeared to be based on childish fears.  ϰ ޾Ƶ̴ ׵ ʴ ٴ Ҽ ϱ ̴. ; 츮 糭 ġ ٰŸ ȴ. [+] apprehension, foreboding, misgiving, presentiment" premonitory,"a. serving to warn ; You should have visited a doctor as soon as you felt these premonitory chest pains. Ǵ ̷ ǻ縦 ãҾ߸ ߴ. [+] admonitory, foreboding, ominous" preponderate,"v. be superior in power; outweigh ¿ ־ ϴ; - ̴ I feel confident that the forces of justice will preponderate eventually in this dispute. µ ᱹ £ ¸ ̶ ȮѴ." preposterous,"a. pre(=before) + poster(=coming after) with the first last and the last first ; contrary to nature, reason, or common sense as to be laughable ; absurd / ridiculous յڰ ٲ ;  ; ո / ͹ To say that high school girls are ""not strong enough"" to take part in competitive athletics is nothing less than preposterous . ; The excuse he gave for his lateness was so preposterous that everyone laughed. ⿡ Ҹŭ "" ưư ϴ"" ϴ ٷ  ̾߱. ; ѵ ʹ ͹ϰ  . [+] idiotic, silly" presumption,"n. arrogance; effrontery ; ü; / ; It seems presumptuous for one so relatively new to the field to challenge the conclusions of its leading experts. п о߿ ݹϴ ǹ . [+] overweening, supercilious" presumptuous,"a. arrogant; taking liberties ǹ, It seems presumptuous for one so relatively new to the field to challenge the conclusions of its leading experts. п о߿ ݹϴ ǹ . [+] overwddning, supercilious; [-] humble()" pretentious,"a. pre(=before) + tent(=stretch) claiming great merit or importance / ostentatious; ambitious ںϴ, ˳, , 㼼θ / , üϴ, ڸϴ; ߽ Since he is well known to be a multy-millionaire, it seems almost pretentious of him, in an inverted sense, to drive around in a small, battered, inexpensive car. ; I do not feel that your limited resources will permit you to carry out such a pretentious program. װ ︸ڶ ˷ ̹Ƿ װ ݴ ۰ α Ÿ ٴϴ 㼼 θ δ. ; ѵ ڿδ ׷ ߽ ȹ Ѵ. [+] affected, ostentatious, vain" preternatural,"a. beyond that which is normal in nature Ұ, ڿ John's mother's total ability to tell when he was lying struck him as almost preternatural. װ ϰ Ӵ ɷ ׿ Ұϰ . [+] supernatural, paranatural; [-] ordinary(ϻ)" pretext,"n. pre(=before) + text(=weave) a false reason or motive put forth to hide the real one / excise ΰ, / Phyllis produced a convenient headache as her pretext for having to leave early. ; He looked for a good pretext to get out of paying a visit to his aunt. Phylis ϴ ΰ ս . ; ״ 湮 ΰŸ ã ´. [+] sunterfuge, tergiversation" preval!ent,"a. widespread; generally accepted θ , ϴ A radical committed to social change, Reed had no patience with the conservative views preval!ent in the America of his day.; Smog is more preval!ent in urban centers. ȸ ȭ ٶ Reed ڱ ô ̱ θ ð ." prevaricate,"v. pre(=before) + varic(=straddle) + ate(=make) make untrue or partly untrue statements, try to evade telling the whole truth / lie ̴, , ߻ϴ / ϴ The more he tried to protect himself by prevaricating , the more he became entrapped in his own web of deception and dishonesty. ; Some people believe that to prevaricate in a good cause is justifiable and regard the statement as a ""white lie."" װ ڱ ȣ Ϸ ϸ Ҽ ״ ⸸ ڽ ð̿ . ; Ÿ ϴ ȭ ִٰ ϴ´. ׸ װ ׵ "" ""̶ Ѵ. [+] equivocate" prim,"a. very precise and formal; exceedingly proper IJ; ſ Many people commented on the contrast between the prim attire of the young lady and the inappropriate clothing worn by her escort. ư IJ ׳ ȭ Ѹ ߴ. [+] precise" primogeniture,"n. seniority by birth ڻӱ By virtue of primogeniture, the first-born child has many privileges denied his brothers and sisters. ӱ п ̴ ٸ Դ ־ ʴ Ư ." primordial,"a. prim(=first) + ord(=begin) + i(=s.e.) + al(=nature of) primeval! ; in existence at or from the beginning / existing at the beginning of time; rudimentary <ô> ; ʻ, / ; The behavior of armies in wartime often evinces the primordial blood lust that civilized people have not yet fully overcome. ; The Neanderthal Man is one of our primordial ancestors. ÿ ε ൿ غ ǿ ش. ; ׾ȵŻ 츮 ̴. [+] primitive, primary" primp,"v. dress or groom oneself with care ϰ Դ She primps for hours before a dance. ׳ ȸ ð 鿩 ϰ Դ´." privy,"a. secret; hidden; not public ; ߾; ϴ We do not care for privy chamber government. 츮 н ġ ʴ´. [+] private" probe,"n.v. explore with tools; a thorough examination Žħ ã; Žϴ / Žϴ The surgeon probed the wound for foreign matter before suturing it.; A probe of the surface of the sun has revealed a total of sixty-four chemical elements. ܰ ǻ ϱ ̹ ִ ˾ ó ߴ. [+] investigate, search" probity,"n. prob(=test, good, proper) + ity(=nature) uprightness of character, integrity, sincerity / incorruptibility <<>>, û, , / ; Even the most relentless and searching investigations by or political opponents could uncover no evidence that challenged our reputation for complete probity . ; Everyone took his probity for granted; his defalcations, therefore, shocked us all. ġ 츮 ݴ 忡 մ ƹ öϰ ϰ ص 츮 û ϴٴ ǿ Ŵ 巯 ̴. ; û 翬ϰ ߱ Ⱦɿ ޾Ҵ. [+] morality, rectitude, righteousness" problematic,"a. perplexing; unsettled; questionable , ǽɽ, ִ Given the many areas of conflict still awaiting resolution, the outcome of the peace talks remains problematic. ذ ٸ ֱ ȭ ȭ ̴. [+] arguale, debatable, disputable, moot" proboscis,"n. long snout; nose ; The elephant uses his proboscis to handle things and carry them from place to place. ڳ ̸ űµ ڸ Ѵ." proclivity,"n. pro(=forward) + cliv(=bend) a natural or habitual tendency, or inclination especially toward something discreditable / natural tendency ,, I learned that I would have to make a choice between my strong aversion to hard work and my equally strong proclivity for eating. ; The cross old lady has a proclivity to grumble. ϱ⸦ ϰ Ⱦϴ Ͱ ϰ ԰ ;ϴ Ѱ ؾ ̶ . ; Ű Ĵ Ÿ ִ. [+] disposition, penchant, predisposition, propensity, tendency" prod,"v. poke; stir up; urge , ڱϴ If you prod him hard enough, he'll eventually clean his room. ׸ ϰ ϸ ״ ᱹ ûϰ ̴. [+] exhort, goad, instigate, prick, prompt, propel, provoke, spur, stimulat" profusion,"n. lavish expenditure; overabundant condition ; dz Seldom have I seen food and drink served in such profusion as at the wedding feast. ȥ Ͽ ׷ . [+] extravagance; plethora, superfluity, surplus" progenitor,"n. ancestor ; We must not forget the teachings of our progenitors in our desire to appear modern. 츮 ȭϰ ϴ ӿ ħ ؾ ȵȴ. [+] antecedent, forefather" prognathous,"a. having projecting jaws Ƣ His prognathous face made him seem more determined than he actually was. ״ ƢԱ ȣϰ ̴ ." prognosis,"n. forecasted course of a disease; prediction ; If the doctor's prognosis is correct, the patient will be in a coma for at least twenty-four hours. ǻ İ Ȯϴٸ ȯڴ  24ð ȥ ¿ ̴. [+] forecast, prophecy" prognosticate,"v. pro(=before) + gno(=know) foretell or predict especially from signs or indications <, >ϴ / ϴ The task of the historian is not to prognosticate but to explain the past, clarify the present, and thus provide some insight into the future. ; I prognosticate disaster unless we change our wasteful ways. 簡 ƴ϶ Ÿ ϰ 縦 иϰ ̷  ִ ̴. ; 츮 ġ ʴ´ٸ 糭 ̶ . [+] adumbrate, augur, forecast, foretell, predict, prophesy" projectile,"n. missile ̻; ߻ü Man has always hurled projectiles at his enemy whether in the form of stones or of highly explosive shells. µ ߷ ź̵ ׻ 繰 ." proletarian,"n. member of the working class 뵿 The aristocrats feared mob rule and gave the right to vote only to the wealthy, thus depriving the proletarians of a voice in government. ġ ڵ ϴ Ģ ηϿ ڵ鿡Ը ǥ ־. ׷ν ڵ ǥ ѾҴ." prolix,"a. verbose; drawn out Ȳ; Her prolix arguments irritated and bored the jury. ׳ Ȳ ɿ ¥ ϰ . [+] redundant, wordy" promiscuous,"a. mixed indiscriminately; haphazard; irregular ; 쿬; ұĢ, ڼ, ׹ In the opera ""La Boheme,"" we get a picture of the promiscuous life led by the young artists of Paris. ' ' 츮 ĸ ϸ ִ." promontory,"n. pro(=forth) + mont/mount(=hill, rise) high point of land standing out from the coastline, headland , I hope some day to build a house on that promontory commanding a beautiful view of the bay. ; They erected a lighthouse on the promontory to warn approaching ships of their nearness to the shore. Ƹٿ ִ ϳ ʹ. ; ׵ 츮 븦 ϴ غ ߴ." prone,"a. inclined to; prostrate -ϱ ; 帰 She was prone to sudden fits of anger. ׳ ڱ ȭ ־. [+] disposed" propellants,"n. substances which propel of drive forward Ű The development of our missile program has forced our scientists to seek more powerful propellants. 츮 ̻ ȹ ν ڵ Ḧ ãƾ߸ ߴ." prophylactic,"a. used to prevent disease Despite all prophylactic measures introduced by the authorities, the epidemic raged until cool weather set in. 籹 ġ ұϰ ƴ. [+] preventive" propinquity,"n. nearness; kinship ; ģ Their relationship could not be explained as being based on mere propinquity; they were more than relatives; they were true friends. ׵ ܼ δ . ׵ ģô ̻̳ ƴ, ģ ̴. [+] proximity" propitiate,"v. pro(=before) + pit < pet(=seek) + i(=s.e.) +ate(=make) do something to take away the anger of / appease ޷, ϴ, ߴ / ġ; / Those religious ceremonies are intended to protect the tribe against disasters by propitiating the gods who control natural phenomena. ; The natives offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods. ; The natives offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods. ǽ ڿ ϴ ŵ ޷ ĸκ ȣϱ ̴. ; ε ŵ ߱ Ͽ ƴ. ; ֹε ޷ ƴ. [+] assuage, conciliate, mollify, pacify, placate; [-] incense( ϴ); [-] antagonize( ݰ )" propulsive,"a. driving forward ִ The jet plane has a greater propulsive power than the engine-driven plane. Ʈ ͷ Ǵ ⺸ ū . [+] projectile" prorogue,"v. dismiss parliament; end officially ȸ ȸϴ; It was agreed that the king could not prorogue parliament until it had been in session for at least fifty days.  50 ȸ ȿ ȸ ȸ Ѵٴ ǵǾ." proscenium,"n. part of stage in front of curtain չ In the theater in-the-round there can be no proscenium or proscenium arch. 忡 볪 ġ ." prosody,"n. the art of versification ۽ù This book on prosody contains a rhyming dictionary as well as samples of the various verse forms. ۹ ٷ ִ å پ Ӹ ƴ϶ Ƿ ִ." prostrate,"v. stretch out full on ground Ѿ߸, 帮 ϴ He prostrated himself before the idol. ״ տ ȴ." protean,"a. versatile; able to take on many shapes ȭ A remarkably protean actor, Alec Guinness could take on any role. 迪 س ִ ˷ ׽  ־. [+] changeable, mutable, variable" protege,"n. person under the protection and support of a patron Ǻȣ Cyrano de Bergerac refused to be a protege of Cardinal Richelieu. C. B C. R Ǻȣڰ DZ⸦ ߴ." prototype,"n. first or original example from which others have been or will be copied or developed / original work used as a model by others , , / 鿡 𵨷 Ǵ ǥ She was the prototype for the character in his novel. ; The crude typewriter on display in this museum is the prototype of the elaborate machines in use today. ׳డ Ҽ ι ̴. ; ڹ õǰ ִ ŸڱⰡ ó ǰ ִ Ÿڱ ̴. [+] original, archetype" protrude,"v. pro(=forth) + trud/trus(=thrust) stick out or project; to push outward; to project о, д, Ҿ ϴ / Ҿ Ƣ In that neighborhood of small homes, a few massive apartment buildings protrude like giants set down in a community of dwarfs. ; His fingers protruded from the holes in his gloves.; When he saw the bone protruding through her skin, he knew that she had a very serious fracture. ִ ׿ ä Ŵ Ʈ ġ εó Ҿ ھִ . ; հ 尩 ƢԴ. [+] bulge, project" provenance,"n. origin or source of something ; ó I am not interested in its provenance; I am more concerned with its usefulness than with its source. װ ó . װ ٿ ִ. [+] source" provender,"n. dry food; fodder ; ; , ķ I am not afraid of a severe winter because I have stored a large quantity of provender for the cattle. 뷮 Ƽ Ȥ ܿ£ . [+] comestibles, edibles, viands, victuals" proviso,"n. stipulation ܼ; I am ready to accept your proposal with the proviso that you meet your obligations within the next two weeks. ̳ ǹ Ѵٴ Ͽ ޾Ƶ̰ Ѵ. [+] condition, provision" provoke,"v. pro(=forth) + vok/voc(=call) make angry ; vex ; bring about ; incite ; arouse / stir to anger; ause retaliation; to cause; to incite ϴ ; Ű ϴ ; ߽Ű ; ڱϿ ...Ű ; <> Ű / ȭ ϴ His overbearing manner and crude insults were enough to provoke the most even-tempered person to anger. ; In order to prevent a sudden out break of hostilities, we must not provoke our foe.; His lecture provoked an interesting discussion. Ÿ µ 弳 ƹ ¼ ̶ ȭ ڱϱ⿡ ߴ. ; ۽ ߹ ؼ ݺнѼ ȵȴ. [+] aggravate, exasperate, irritate, vex" proxy,"n. authorized agent 븮 Please act as my proxy and vote for this slate of candidates in my absence. 븮μ ֽð ÿ ĺ ο ǥ ֽʽÿ. [+] deputy" prude,"n. excessively modest person üϴ The X-rated film was definitely not for prudes. ο ȭ ü ϴ Դ Ȯ ʴ." prune,"v. cut away; trim ߶ , ϴ(ٵ ϴ) With the help of her editor, she was able to prune her manuscript into publishable form. ׳ ִ · ʿ κ ڸ ־. [+] abbreviate" psychiatrist,"n. iatr(=healing) expert in the treatment of mental illness / a doctor who treats mental diseases Ű ǻ A psychiatrist often needs long conferences with his patient before a diagnosis can be made. ; A psychiatrist often needs long conferences with his patient before a diagnosis can be made. Ű ǻ ȯڿ ʿϴ. ; Ű ǻ ȯڿ ð ʿ Ѵ." psychopathic,"a. pertaining to mental derangement ź The psychopathic patient suffers more frequently from a disorder of the nervous system than from a diseased brain. ź ȯڴ ջ ٴ Ű ȯ ޴´. [+] psychotic" psychosis,"n. severely abnormal or diseased mental state / mental disorder ̻, ź The institution treated his psychosys . ; We must endeavor to find an outlet for the patient's repressed desires if we hope to combat this psychosis. ȯ ġߴ. ; ź ο 츮 ȯ е 屸鿡 ⱸ ã ؾ Ѵ." pterodactyl,"n. exinct flying reptile ƴٴϴ ; ͷ The remains of pterodactyls indicate that these flying reptiles had a wingspan of as much as twenty feet. ͷ ȭ 20Ʈ Ǵ ش." puerile,"a. childish ְ His puerile pranks sometimes offended his more mature friends. װ  ν ģ ȭ ߴ. [+] immature" pugilist,"n. boxer The famous pugilist Cassius Vlay changed his name to Muhammed Ali. īÿ콺 Ŭ̴ ̸ ϸ޵ ˸ ٲپ." pugnacious,"a. combative; disposed to fight ȣ; ο As a child he was pugnacious and fought with everyone. ״ ο Ͽ ƹϰ ο. [+] bellicose, belligerent, contentious, militant, warlike" puissant,"a. powerful; strong; potent ; ; ɷִ We must keep his friendship for he will make a puissant ally. ״ Ͱ ̱ 츮 ׿ ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] mighty" pulchritude,"n. beauty; comeliness ; Ƹٿ I do not envy the judges who have to select this year's Miss America from this collection of female pulchritude. ̳ ߿ ̽ Ƹ޸ī ̾ƾ ϴ ɻ η ʴ´." pulmonary,"a. pertaining to the lungs In his researches on pulmonary diseases, he discovered many facts about the lungs of animals and human beings. ȯ ״ ΰ Ŀ ؼ ߰ߴ." pulsate,"v. throb ƹ ٴ We could see the blood vessels in his temple pulsate as he became more angry. װ ȭ 츮 ڳ̿ ִ ٴ ־. [+] palpitate" pungency,"n. sharpness; stinging quality , ڱ the pungency of the cigarette smoke mademe cough. ڱ ħ . [+] piquancy, poignancy, sourness; [-] blandness(ȭ)" puny,"a. insignificant; tiny; weak ; ; ̾ Our puny efforts to stop the flood were futile. ȫ ϴ ׸ 簡 ǰ Ҵ. [+] petty, paltry, trivial, unconsequential" purchase,"n. firm grasp or footing ų , ɸ κ; , The mountaineer struggled to get a proper purchase on the slippery rock. 갡 ̲ ߵ Ȯϱ ߴ." purgatory,"n. place of spiritual expiation ; In this purgatory, he could expect no help from his comrades. ״ κ ." purge,"v. clean by removing impurities; to clear of charges ȭϴ; Ǹ ϴ If you are to be purged of the charge of contempt of Congress, you must be willing to answer the questions previously asked. ȸ Ǹ ߸ 亯ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] purify" purloin,"v. steal ġ In the story, ""The Purloined Letter,"" Poe points out that the best hiding place is often the most obvious place. ' ' Ҽ ⿡ Ҵ ˱ Ѵ. [+] filch" purport,"n.v. pur < pro(=forth) + port(=carry) general meaning or intention of something said or written / mean, imply ; claim ǹ, , / ǹϴ, ... ϴ, ...̴ ; ...̶ Īϴ, ϴ The essential purport of our endless warnings and adjurations can be expressed in one simple phrase: ""Don't take unnecessary risk"". ; If the purport of your speech was to arouse the rabble, you succeeded admirably. 츮 û ⺻ "" "" ǥ ִ. ; ǵ Ű ̶ ũ ߴ. [+] intendment, significance" purveyor,"n. furnisher of foodstuffs; caterer ķǰ ; As purveyor of rare wines and viands, he traveled through France and Italy every year in search of new products to sell. ֿ ǰ ǰڷμ ״ Ǹ ο ǰ ϱ ų Ż ƴٳ. [+] deliverer" purview,"n. pur < pro(=forth) + view(=look) range of operation or activity ; range of sight or understanding ; the body and scope of an act or bill ; ð, ; <> , Under the American system of personal liberty, there are many aspects of everyday living that do not come under the purview of any governmental authority. ; The sociological implications of these inventions are beyond the purview of this book. ̱ ʴ ϻȰ ִ. ; ߸ ȸ ǹ̴ å ̴. [+] compass, extent, range" pusillanimous,"a. cowardly; fainthearted ̸; You should be ashamed of your pusillanimous conduct during this dispute. ߿ ҽ ൿ βؾ Ѵ. [+] craven, poltroonish" putrid,"a. foul; rotten; decayed , 밡 ; ; The gangrenous condition of the wound was indicated by the putrid smell when the bandages were removed. λ ش븦 ó ־. [+] noisome, spoiled, malodorous, fetid" pyromaniac,"n. person with an insane desire to set things on fire ȭ The detectives searched the area for the pyromaniac who had set these costly fires. ̷ ظ ȭ縦 Ų ȭ ߴ. [+] arsonist, incendiary" quadruped,"n. ped(=foot) four-footed animal ׹ / ׹ A dog is a quadruped . ; Most mammals are quadrupeds. ׹ ̴. ; κ ׹ ޸ ̴." quaff,"v. drink with relish ְ Ű As we quaffed our ale, we listened to the gay songs of the students in the tavern. 츮 ð 츮 л ܿ 뷡 Ҹ . [+] cf. sip ( ô)" quagmire,"n. bog; marsh ; Our soldiers who served in Vietnam will never forget the drudgery of marching through the quagmires of the delta country. Ʈ ߴ 츮 ε ﰢ ߴ Ӱ Ǿ ϵ ̴. [+] marshland" quail,"v. cower; lose heart ; Ⱑ ״ He was afraid that he would quail in the face of danger. ״ 迡 Ͽ ִ η. [+] recoil, flinch, shrink, wince" qualified,"a. limited; restricted ѵ; , ڰִ Unble to give the candidate full support, the mayor gave him only a qualified endorsement. ĺڵ鿡 κ ǥߴ. [+] circumscribed, definite, determined; competent, opposite" qualms,"n. misgivings ; å His qualms of conscience had become so great that he decided to abandon his plans. ״ å ʹ Ŀ ڱ ȹ ϱ ߴ. [+] compunction, conscience, scruple" quarantine,"n. isolation of person or ship to prevent spread of infection ݸ, ˿ ݸ; () ˿ϴ, ݸϴ We will have to place this house under quarantine until we determine the exact nature of the disease. Ȯ ľ 츮 ݸ Ѿ߸ ̴. [+] segregation, sequestration" queasy,"a. easily nauseated; squeamish ۰Ÿ; ϱ ϴ As the ship left the harbor, he became queasy and thought that he was going to suffer from seasickness. 谡 ױ ޽ ״ ̷ֹ ̶ ߴ. [+] nauseous" qui vive,"n. wide awake; expectant (?); ϴ Let us be on the qui vive. 츮 ¼ . [+] cf. on the qui vive (Ͽ, Ͽ); qui vive = who goes there? (?)" quibble,"n.v. evasion of the main point of an argument, attempt to escape giving an honest answer, by using a secondary or doubtful meaning of a word or phrase / use quibbles ; argue about small points of differences / equivocate; play on words ΰ, / ΰ ; ̳ ̿ ϴ / ָϰ ϴ; ϴ Perhaps if you were spending your own money, rather than mine, you would be more inclined to quibble over the price of the repairs. ; Do not quibble; I want a straightforward and definite answer. ƴ϶ ٸ Ƹ ϰ ̴ . ; ָ . ̰ Ȯ 亯 Ѵ." quietude,"n. tranquillity After this geyser erupts, it will remain quietude and peace that pervaded the valley. ״  游 ȭο λ . [+] silence, stillness" quintessence,"n. purest and highest embodiment ; Noel Coward displayed the quintessence of wit. 뿤 ڿ ġ . [+] essence, substance" quip,"n. taunt , You are unpopular because you are too free with your quips and sarcastic comments. Ÿ 񲿴 ϱ αⰡ . [+] drollery, witticism" quirk,"n. startling twist; caprice (), ; By a quirk of fate, he found himself working for the man whom he had discharged years before. 峭 ״ ڱⰡ ذߴ ؿ ϰ ־. [+] eccentricity, peculiarity" quorum,"n. number of members necessary to conduct a meeting ǰῡ ʿ The senator asked for a roll call to determine whether a quorum was present. ǿ ⼮ߴ ˱ ⼮ 縦 Źߴ." rabid,"a. like a fanatic; furious ; He was a rabid follower of the Dodgers and watched them play whenever he could go to the ball park. ״ ""Dodgers"" ̾ ߱忡 ׵ ⸦ Ѻô. [+] frantic, frenetic, frenzied; a rabid dog (ģ ) a rabid rabbit (... ģ 䳢)" raconteur,"n. story-teller ̾߱ My father was a gifted raconteur with an unlimited supply of anecdotes. ƹ ȭ ˰ ô õ ̴̼̾߱. [+] narrator" ragamuffin,"n. person wearing tattered clothes ģ ߷ He felt sorry for the ragamuffin who was begging for food and gave him money to buy a meal. ״ ⸦ ģ ϴ ҽ ־. [+] tatterdemalion" rail,"v. scold; rant ϴ, ߴġ You may rail at him all you want; you will never change him. ʴ ִ ִ ׸ ߴġ ׸ ȭų ̴. [+] berate, chide" raiment,"n. clothing ǻ, Ǻ ""How can to the ball?"" asked Cinderella. ""I have no raiment fit to wear."" ""ȸ  ֳ? ԰ ʵ ɿ."" ϰ ŵ . [+] apparel, habiliment" rakish,"a. stylish; sporty , Ʈ He wore his hat at a rakish and jaunty angle. ״ ϰ ڸ . [+] smart" ramify,"v. divide into branches or subdivisions ϴ; ϴ; When must examine all the ramifications of this problem. Ĺ κ ߶ ٶϴ." rampart,"n. defensive mound of earth , ""From the ramparts we watched"" as the fighting continued. ӵ ""츮 Ҵ."" [+] parapet" ramshackle,"a. rickety; falling apart Ÿ, The boys propped up the ramshackle clubhouse with a couple of boards. ҳ ߰ưŸ Ŭ ȸ 2 ڷ ָ . [+] tumbledown" rancid,"a. having the odor of stale fat A rancid odor filled the ship's galley. ֹ濡 á. [+] malodorous, fetid, putrid, noisome; ̰ (rabid) ٴϱ . (rancid)" rankle,"v. irritate; fester , Ű ϴ The memory of having been jilted rankled him for years. ڿ ̳ ׸ . [+] annoy, bother" rant,"v. rave; speak bombastically ġ; ȣϴ As we heard him rant on the platform, we could not understand his strange popularity with many people. 츮 װ ܿ ȣ ϴ Լ ް ִ αⰡ ذ ʾҴ. [+] rave ġ(rant, rave) ̴." rapprochement,"n. reconciliation ȭ Both sides were eager to effect a rapprochement but did not know how to undertake a program designed to bring about harmony. ȭظ Ϸ ָ ȭ ȵ ȹ  ؾ . [+] reconcilement" raspy,"a. grating; harsh ģ; Ϳ Ž The sergeant's raspy voice grated on the recruits' ears. ϻ ģ Ҹ ź Ϳ Žȴ. [+] hoarse" rationalization,"n. bringing into conformity with reason ոȭ All attempts at rationalization at this time are doomed to failure; tempers and emotions run too high for intelligent thought to prevail. ̹ ո ߷ õ ʴ. а ʹ Ǿ . [+] justification" rationalize,"v. reason; justify an improper act ߷ϴ; ոȭϴ Do not try to rationalize your behavior by blaming your companions. ν ൿ ոȭϷ . [+] justify" ravage,"n.v. rav < rap(=take, seize) + age(=state) destruction ; devastation ; destructive effects / destroy ; damage badly ; plunder with violence / despoil ı ; Ȳ ; < pl> ı / ıϴ ; Ȳϰ ϴ ; << >>Żϴ / Ȳȭϴ To this day, the seacoast towns of Normandy show the ravages of the great invasion of 1944. ; The marauding army ravaged the countryside. ÿ ̸ Normandy ؾ õ 1944 ħ Ȳ ְ ִ. ; Żڴ ð ۾. [+] depredate, pillage, spoliate; devastate" ravening,"a. rapacious; seeking prey Żϴ; ̸ ã We kept our fires burning all night to frighten away the ravening wolves. 츮 ̸ ã ٴϴ ֱ ǿ Ҵ. [+] raven " ravenous,"a. extremely hungry ָ The ravenous dog upset several garbage pails in its search for food. ָ ̸ ã ھ. [+] famished, starved" raze,"v. destroy completely; to destroy ʶ߸ The owners intended to raze the hotel and erect an office building on the site.; A flash-fire razed the office building before it could be controlled. 濵ֵ ȣ ʶ߸ ڸ ̾. [+] ҵ (race)ϴٰ Ƽ('z') ǹ ʶ߸(raze) Ǿ." realm,"n. kingdom; sphere ձ; / The realm of possibilities for the new invention was endless. ο?߸ ɼ . [+] empire; compass, extent, purview, scope" rebate,"n. discount We offer a rebate of ten percent to those who pay cash. 츮 ϴ Դ 10 ش. [+] deduction" rebuttal,"n. refutation; response with contrary evidence ݹ, The defense lawyer confidently listened to the prosecutor sum up his case, sure that she could answer his arguments in her rebuttal. ˻簡 Ͽ ϴ ڽְ ǰ ȣ ˻ ݹ Ȯϴ. [+] contradiction, disproof" recapitulate,"v. re(=again) + cap(=head) repeat the chief points of something that has been said, discussed, argued about, etc. / summarize ǮϿ ϴ, ϴ / ϴ Biologists have a theory that every plant or animal in the course of its individual development recapitulates all the stages of its evolutionary ancestry. ; Let us recapitulate what has been said thus far before going ahead. ڵ Ĺ̳ üߴ ȭ ܰ踦 ݺѴٴ ̷ ִ. ; ϱ ռ ݱ ޵ . [+] epitomize, review" receptive,"a. re(=intensive) + cept(=take) quick or ready to receive suggestions, new ideas, etc. / quick or willing to receive ideas, ߹޾Ƶ̴, , ذ / ޾Ƶ̴; I was confident that after Dad had eaten a good meal, he would be in a more receptive mood to my request for the use of the car. ; Adventure-living Huck Finn proved a receptive audience for Tom's tales of buried treasure and piracy. ƹ Ļ縦 Ͻð ڿ ڴٴ 䱸 ޾Ƶϼ ִ ̶ Ȯߴ. ; ϴ Ŭ Ž ̾߱⸦ ޾Ƶ鿴. [+] acceptant, acceptive, responsive" recession,"n. withdrawl; retreat ö; / ȯ The recession of the troops from the combat area was completed in an orderly manner. κ ö ְ ̷. [+] retreat, setback; cf. cession (絵, Ҿ)" recherche,"a. choice, sought after; rare ; ߱Ǵ; His language was peculiarly literary; he avoided common expression!s ad used recherche terminology as often as possible. ̾; ״ ǥ ϰ  ߴ." recipient,"n.a. re(=again) + cip < cap(=take) person who receives something / receiving / receiver ޴ , / ޴,ϴ Liz was overjoyed when it was announced that she was the recipient of the Senior Medical in poetry. ; Although he had been the recipient of many favors, he was not grateful to his benefactor. Liz ׳డ о ְ ڷ ǥǾ ʹ ⻼. ; ״ ̾ ұϰ ε鿡 ʾҴ." recluse,"n.a. re(=back) + clus(=shut) person who lives alone and avoids other people / shut away from the world / hermit; a person who chooses to live apart from society Ӽ , / Ӽ , Do you understand how someone can live as a recluse even in the midst of a great city? ; The recluse lived in a hut in the forest.; After his wife died, he became a recluse, refusing to see anyone but his closest friends. 뵵 Ѻǿ ڷ ִٴ ذ ϱ? ; ڴ θ Ҵ. [+] solitary" reconnaissance,"n. re(=again) + con(=thoroughly) + n < gn < gno(=know) an exploratory survey or examination, as in seeking out information about enemy positions, installations, etc. or as in making a preliminary geological or engineering survey / survey of enemy by soldiers; reconnoitering , , , Before you launch your attack on the problem of civic corruption, you should carry out a careful reconnaissance to get a realistic idea of what you are up against. ; If you encounter any enemy soldiers during your reconnaissance, capture them for questioning. ϱ ϰ ִ ˱ 縦 ؾѴ. ; ȹؼ ɹ϶. [+] (connoisseur) ٽ ൿ (reconnaissance)̶ ..." recourse,"n. re(=back) + cours < curs(=run) a turning or seeking for aid,safety,etc. ; something turned to for help / resorting to help when in trouble ,Ƿ ; Ǵ What recourse do I have if he fails to carry out his side of the agreement? ; The boy's only recourse was to appeal to his father for aid. װ Ǽ ڱ ϸ մϱ? ; ҳ ƹ ûϴ ̾. [+] refuge, resort" recreant,"n. coward; betrayer of faith ; The religious people ostracized the recreant who had abandoned their faith. ε ׵ ž ڸ ߹ߴ. [+] poltroon, dastard, coward, craven; renegade, apostate, defector" recrudescence,"n. reopening of a wound or sore ó? Keep this wound bandaged until it has completely healed to prevent its recrudescence. ó ش νÿ. [+] ٽ(re) ϰ(cru...) Ǹ ó Ѵ(recrudescence)." rectify,"v. rect(=right) + i(=s.e.) + fy(=make) put right, take out mistakes from ; purify or refine / correct ϴ,<<ǽ>>ٷ, ϴ ; ϴ / ġ The team of accountants spent hours trying to locate and then to rectify the error I had so carelessly made. ; I want to rectify my error before it is too late. Ǽ ã ٷ ȸ ð ´. ; ʹ ʱ Ǽ ٷ ʹ. [+] amend, emend, redress" rectitude,"n. rect(=lead straight) honesty, upright or straight forward behavior / uprightness , ùٸ Only afterwards did we find out the rectitude of his motives. ; He was renowned for his rectitude and integrity. Ⱑ ϴٴ 츮 Ŀ ˾Ҵ. ; ״ Ƿ ߴ. [+] morality, probity, righteousness" recumbent,"a. re(=back) + cumb(=lie) lying down ; idle / reclining; lying down completely or in part <Ư > 巯, ; ¸ / Ȥ κ 巯 ִ Comfortably recumbent in the shade of the elm tree, I watched the eager candidates for the football team in their hard, sweaty workout. ; The command ""AT EASE"" does not permit you to take a recumbent position. ״ÿ ϰ Dz 鿩 긮鼭 ϴ ѺҴ. ; """" е鿡 巯 µ ϵ ϴ ƴϴ. [+] cf. incumbent (, ); [-] standing up(Ͼ)" recuperate,"v. recover ȸϴ The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected. ǻ ŭ ȯڰ ȸ ʾƼ Ͽ." recurrent,"a. occurring again and again Ǯؼ Ͼ These recurrent attacks disturbed us and we consulted a physician. ߵǴ ̷ 鿡 Ҿ 츮 ǻ Ͽ. [+] repeated" recusant,"n. person who refuses to comply ź; In that religious community, the recusant was shunned as a pariah. ȸ źϴ ڷμ ߴ. [+] ٽ(re) ť(cu..) PD ־ źߴ.(recusant)" redoubtable,"a. re(=intensive) + doub < dob(=uncertain) to be feared ; formidable / causing fear ; / ù; She is such a redoubtable foe of the trite phrase that her students tremble lest her wrath descend on them for using an overworked expression!. ; The neighboring countries tried not to offend the Russians because they could be redoubtable foes. ׳ ǥ µ ʹ Ҹ ̶ ׳ л ʹ ġ ǥ ٴ ׳ 뿩 ڽŵ鿡 . ; ҷ ֱ ̿ ҷ ǵ帮 ʵ ֽ. [+] appalling, awful, dreadful, terrible; [-] unimpressive(λ ƴ)" reek,"v. emit odor 븦 dz, (⸦) ǰ The room reeked with stale tobacco smoke. Ź . [+] exude;" refection,"n. slight refreshment ȯ,ȸ Despite our hunger, we stopped on the road for only a quick refection. ⿡ ұϰ 츮 ޽ ο ." refectory,"n. dinning hall Ĵ In this huge refectory, we can feed the entire student body at one sitting. ū Ĵ翡 ɾƼ Ļ ִ." refraction,"n. bending of a ray of light When you look at a stick inserted in water, it looks bent because of the refraction of the light by the water. DZ 븦 δ. [+] deflection" refulgent,"a. re(=intensive) + fulg(=shine) shining ; brilliant / radiant ; Clad in the refulgent armor of moral rectitude, and backed by a keen appreciation of his own virtues, he sallied forth to do battle with the forces of evil. ; We admired the refulgent moon and watched it for a while. ԰ ڽ īο νĿ īο ν ȣǸ 鼭 ״ ǰ ο ĵ. ; 츮 źؼ ٶ󺸾Ҵ. [-] lackluster( )" refurbish,"v. renovate; make bright by polishing ϴ; ۾Ƽ The flood left a deposit of mud on everything; it was necessary to refurbish our belongings. ȫ ڵ. 츮 ǵ ٽ ۾ƾ Ѵ. [+] renew, rejuvenate; ٽ(re) ϱ(furbish)... refurbish" refutation,"n. disproof of opponents' arguments I will wait until I Hear the refutation before deciding whom to favor. ΰ ϱ ݹ ٸ ̴. [+] polemic, contradiction, disproof, rebuttal; v. refute ϴ; [-] verification()" regal,"a. reg(=rule) + al(=nature of) of a king,royal ; characteristic of a king,splendid,stately,magnificent,etc. , ; մٿ,, / ִ The ""big shot"" behaving with almost regal dignity turned out to be Johnny Novak, my classmate from the 5th grade. ; Prince Albert had a regal manner. հ ൿϴ ""Ź"" 5г¥ ޿ Johnny Novak 巯. ; ˹Ʈ ڴ ִ µ ϰ ־. [+] majestic, splendid, stately" regale,"v. entertain ϴ John regaled us with tales of his adventures in Africa. ī Ž迡 ̾߱ 츮 ̰ ־. [+] amuse, disport, titillate; ٽ(re) (gal)Ÿ ϴ ( ϴ) regale" regatta,"n. boat or yacht race Ʈ Ʈ Many boating enthusiasts followed the regatta in their own yachts. Ʈ Ÿ ڵ ڱ Ʈ Ÿ Ʈ ָ ϴ Ʈ ڵ. [+] cf. vendetta ,ȭ" regeneration,"n. spiritual rebirth Modern penologists strive for the regeneration of the prisoners. ڵ ˼ Ѵ. [+] reconversion" regicide,"n. murder of a king or queen The death of Mary Queen of Scots was an act of regicide. Ʋ ޸ ̾." reimburse,"v. re(=back) + im < in(=in) + burs(=purse, bag, sack) pay back ; compensate / repay , ȯϴ ; ϴ, ϴ I will feel fully reimbursed for all that I have done if I can see her in good health again. ; Let me know what you have spent and I will reimburse you. ׳ฦ ٽ ǰ ִٸ Ͽ ̴. ; ϶. ׷ ְڴ. [+] remunerate, recompense, compensate" rejuvenate,"v. re(=again) + juven(=young) make or become young or vigorous again in nature or appearance / make young again ٽ [ ],Ȱ⸦ [ ] / ٽ ϴ Outworn ideas that belong to the past cannot be rejuvenated by expressing them in snappy,modern slang. ; The charlatan claimed that his elixir would rejuvenate the aged and weary. Ȱ ǥѴٰ ο . ; ǻ ġ ΰ ٽ ̶ Ͽ." relevancy,"n. pertinence; reference to the case in hand ; Ǽ, Ÿ缺, I was impressed by the relevancy of your remarks; I now understand the situation perfectly. Ÿ缺 Ѵ. Ȳ ϰ ִ. [+] appositeness, correlation" relish,"v. savor; enjoy ; I Relish a good joke as much as anyone else. ٵ . [+] ̺ҿ -(relish)ϴ (relish)." remediable,"a. reparable ִ, ġ ִ Let us be grateful that the damage is remediable. ذ ִٴ Ϳ . [+] curable" remedial,"a. curative; corrective ġϴ; ϴ Because he was a slow reader, he decided to take a course in remedial reading. ״ д ӵ ϳ ̼ϰ ߴ. [+] curing, healing" reminiscence,"n. recollection ȸ Her reminiscences of her experiences are so fascination that she ought to write a book. ׳ ڱ 迡 Ͽ ߾ ־ װͿ å ӿ Ʋ. [+] retrospection, remembrance" remiss,"a. re(=back) + mis (=send) careless of duty / negligent ¸, / Ȧ, It would be remiss of me, as editor of the school newspaper, not to express appreciation of the help of our faculty advisor, Ms. Wohl. ; He was accused of being remiss in his duty when the prisoner escaped. бŹ μ Wohl ǥ ʾҴ ̴. ; ˼ Ż ״ ¸ϴٰ ޾Ҵ. [+] delinquent, neglectful" remnant,"n. re(=again) + mn < man(=stay) residue, remainder ; length of cloth offered at a reduced price after the greater part has been sold ; a trace; something left over , ܿ ; , ; < pl> When the elderly pianist began to play, we were saddened to observe that he had only a remnant of his once great skill. ; I suggest that you wait until the store places the remnants of these goods on sale.; After she had finished cutting out the pattern, she still had enough remnants of cloth to make a scarf. ǾƴϽƮ ϱ 츮 װ Ѷ Ǹߴ ؾ ִ ˰ . ; ԰ ǰ ȷ ٸ Ѵ. [+] residue" remorse,"n. guilt; self-reproach ȸ, å The murderer felt no remorse for his crime. ڴ ڽ ˿ å ʾҴ. [+] penitence, compunction, contriteness, penance, repentance" remunerative,"a. compensating; rewarding ִ; ϴ, Ǵ I find my new work so remunerative that I may not return to my previous employment. ? Ƿ ư ̴. [+] lucrative, profitable; (׹) (remun) ϱ... remunerative" rendezvous,"n. meeting place ȸ, ȸ, ȸ The two fleets met at the rendezvous at the appointed time. Դ ӵ ð ҿ . [+] appointment tryst" rendition,"n. translation; artistic interpretation of a song, etc. ; The audience cheered enthusiastically as she completed her rendition of the aria. ׳ ؼ ƸƸ ûߵ 縦 ´. [+] interpretation, version" renegade,"n. re(=intensive) + neg(=deny) person who changes his religious beliefs ; person who deserts his political party ; traitor / deserter; apostate 豳, ; Ż ; / Ż; It is hard for us to realize that the great men who led the American Revolutiln were considered renegades by supporters of the British king. ; Because he refused to support his fellow members in their drive, he was shunned as a renegade. ̱ ̲ ϴ 鿡 ڷ 츮 ϱ ƴ. ; ״  ʾұ ڷμ ߴ. [+] defector, recreant; cf. defect (Żϴ, ϴ)" renege,"v.e. deny; go back on ϴ, ϴ He reneged on paying off his debt. ״ ڱ . [+] disavow, disclaim" renovate,"v. re(=again) + now(=new) make new again, put in good condition ; repair / restroe to good condition; renew Ӱϴ? ϴ ; ϴ / · ȸϴ; Ӱ ϴ What we want to do is to renovate the old house without harming its charm and beauty. ; They claim that they can renovate worn shoes so that they look like new ones. 츮 ϰ ϴ ŷ° Ƹٿ ջŰ ʰ ϴ ̴. ; ׵ θ Ͽ ó ̰ ִٰ Ѵ. [+] refurbish, rejuvenate, restore; [-] cause to decay(⵵ δ)" renunciation,"n. giving up; renouncing ; ܳ Do not sign this renunciation of your right to sue until you have consulted a lawyer. ȣ Ҽ۱ μ . [+] relinquishment" reparable,"a. capable of being repaired ִ, ĥ ִ Fortunately, the damages we suffered in the accident were reparable and our car looks brand new. ེԵ 츮 ش ־. ׷ 츮 ó δ. [+] recoverable, restorable" repellent,"n.a. re(=back) + pel(=drive) any substance used to repel insects / pushing away or driving back ; causing distaste, dislike, or aversion / driving away; unattractive / ġ ; , / Ƴ; There is, I feel, nothing more repellent than false friendship based entirely on a sense of self-interest. ; Mosquitoes find the odor so repellent that leave any spot where this liquid has been sprayed. ̱ɿ ΰִ ٰ . ; ȾϹǷ ѷ ʴ´. [+] repugnant, abhorrent" repertoire,"n. list of works of music, drama, etc., a performer is prepared to prese ְ; 󿬸 The opera company decided to include ""Madame Butterfly"" in its repertoire for the following season. 丮 """" ԽŰ ߴ." repine,"v. fret; complain Ÿ, ϴ There is no sense repining over the work you have left undone. ä ܵ Ͽ ƹ . [-] express joy(⻵ϴ)" replica,"n. re(=again) + plic(=fold) a reproduction or copy of a work of art, especially a copy by the maker of the original ; facsimile < > ; , / Instead of working so hard to prepare replicas of famous works of art, why don't you try to creat something original? ; Are you going to hang this replica of the Declaration of independence in the classroom or in the auditorium? ̼ǰ غ ׷ ϴ â ʴϱ? ; 纻 ǿ ɾ ΰ ƴϸ 翡 ɾ ΰ? [+] duplicate, facsimile, replication" repository,"n. storehouse Libraries are repositories of the world's best thoughts. ְ ϴ ̴. [+] depository" reprieve,"n.v. re(=back) + priev < prehend(=take) postponement or remission of punishment, especially by death ; delay or respite / postpone or delay punishment ; give relief for a short time from danger, trouble, etc. / temporary stay ; ,Ͻ / ϴ ; Ͻ ϴ / Ͻ Only by admitting your fault and trying to make up for the damage you have done can you obtain a reprieve from the pangs of conscience. ; During the twenty-four-hour reprieve, the lawyers sought to make the stay of execution permanent. ߸ ϰ ģ ؿ Ϸ ؾ å  ִ. ; 24ð ȣ Ű ߴ. [+] respite" reprobation,"n. severe disapproval ; å The students showed their reprobation of his act by refusing to talk with him. л ׿ ϱ⸦ ν ൿ Ÿ . [+] v. reprobate" repulsion,"n. act of driving back; distaste ݹ; The repulsion of the enemy force was not accomplished bloodlessly; many of the defenders were wiunded in driving the enemy back. ̷ ʾҴ. Ƴ鼭 λߴ. [+] abomination, abhorrence, aversion, hatred, repugnance; [-] attraction(, )" reputed,"a. supposed ~ Ǵ, ~ ֵǴ He is the reputed father of the child. װ ƹ ȴ. [+] conjectural, hypothetical, putative, suppositious" requiem,"n. mass for the dead; dirge ̻; ۰ They played Mozart's Requiem at the funeral. ׵ ʽĿ ¥Ʈ ߴ. [+] dirge" requite,"v. repay; revenge ; ϴ The wretch requited his benefactors by betraying them. öǴ ε ؼ ׵鿡 ߴ. [+] requite evil with good ( .); ϰų (requite) ۰(requiem) ̴.; [-] leave unrepaid( ʰ δ)" rescind,"v. re(=back, away) + scind(=cut) repeal, annul, or cancel a law, contract, etc. ϴ, ȿ ϴ, ϴ Because of the incidents that occurred during hazing week, the school may rescind the rules that allow fraternity initiations. ; Because of public resentment, the king had to rescind his order. Ի񸮱 ְ л 米Ŭ ȸ ϴ Ģ б 𸥴. ; а ؾ ߴ." rescission,"n. abrogation; annulment ; öȸ The rescission of the unpopular law was urged by all political parties. α 鿡 ˱Ǿ. [+] v. rescind (ϴ, öȸϴ)" reserve,"n. self-control; care in expressing oneself ﰡ? ; , / ϴ; ڱݷ She was outspoken and uninhibited; he was cautious and inclined to reserve. (secondary meaning) ׳ ϰ ο. ״ ϰ ־. [+] modesty, reticence; stock" residue,"n. re(=again) + sid(=sit) what remains after a part has been taken away ; that part of an estate which is left after all particular bequests, debts, etc.have been settled / remainder; balance ,ܿ ; ܿ / After the claims of the creditors have been satisfied, the residue of the estate will be shared by the children. ; In his will, he requested that after payment of debts, taxes, and funeral expenses, the residue be given to his wife. äڵ 䱸 Ų Ŀ ڳ鿡 й ̴. ; 忡 ״ , , ʺ Ƴ ֶ ûߴ. [+] remains, remnant" resigned,"a. unresisting; patiently submissive ϴ Bob Cratchit was too resigned to his downtrodden existence to protest when Scrooge bullied him. ũĩ ڽ д޴ Ȱ ġ ̾ ũ ׸ . [+] acquiescent, yielding" resilient,"a. re(=back) + sil < sal(=leap) bouncing or springing back into shape, position, etc. after being stretched, bent or compressed ; buoyant in disposition / elastic; having the power of springing back Ƣ, źִ ; Ȱ When we arrived we were tired and depressed, but the resilient spirit of youth made things look much brighter the next morning. ; Steel is highly resilient and therefore is used in the manufacture of springs. 츮 Ƿϰ DZħ źִ ؼ ̤ ħ ϵ ξ ƺ. ; ö ź ʹ Ƽ ö ȴ. [+] flexible, supple(߳)" resolution,"n. re(=intensive) + solu < solv(=loosen) fixed determination ; formal expression! of opinion by a legislative body or a public meeting ; solution of a doubt, question, discord, etc. ; process of separating into constituents , ; ǹ<> ; ذ, ش ; , м In our campaign to solve the energy problem, we must depend on the understanding, patriotism, and resolution of the American people. ; Nothing could shake his resolution to succed despite all difficuties. ذϷ 츮  ־ 츮 ̱ε ؿ ֱ ׸ ܷ¿ ؾ Ѵ. ; 򿡵 ұϰ Ϸ  Ϳ 鸮 ʾҴ. [+] decision, firmness, resolve" resolve,"n. determination , / ϴ; ظϴ; ϴ Nothing coold shake his resolve that his children would get the best education that money could buy. ִ ڱ ̵鿡 Űڴٴ ȮεϿ. [+] decision, determination, firmness,resolution" resonant,"a. echoing; resounding; possessing resonance ޾Ƹġ, ︮; Ҹ; Ҹ ϴ His resonant voice was particularly pleasing. Ҹ Ư ȣ . [+] orotund, rotund, sonorous" responsiveness,"n. state of reacting readily to appeals, orders, etc , The audience cheered and applauded, delighting the performers by its responsiveness. ûߵ ⿬ڵ ڰ ڼ ä ´. [+] receptiveness" restitution,"n. re(=back, again) + stit(=stand) a giving back to the rightful owner of something that has been lost or taken away ; a making good for loss or damage / reparation; indemnification ȯ ; / As restitution for the damage he had caused to the family car, Phil promised to clean and polish it regulary for a full year. ; He offered to make restitution for the window broken by his son. װ ¿ ģ ع Phil 1Ⱓ ֱ ߴ. ; ״ Ƶ ߸ â ϰڴٰ ߴ. [+] amends, redress; compensation, recompense" restive,"a. unmanageable; fretting under control ȵ, ٷ , ; We must quiet the restive animals. 츮 ٷ Ѿ߸ Ѵ. [+] refractory, froward, perverse, wayward; ִ (rest) κ ٷ (restive) ̴." restraint,"n. controlling force , / ; ӹ; She dreamt of living an independent life, free of all restraints. ׳ ӿ  ⸦ ޲پ. [+] constraint, festriction" resurgent,"a. rising again after defeat, etc. һϴ The resurgent nation surprised everyone by its quick recovery after total defeat. ϴ й Ŀ ޼ ̸ ߴ. [+] resurrectional" resuscitate,"v. revive һŰ The lifeguard tried to resuscitate the drowned child by applying artificial respiration. ̿ ΰ ȣ Ѽ һŰ ߴ. [+] resurrect, revitalize, revivify" retaliate,"v. repay in kind usually for bad treatment ϴ Fear that we will retaliate immediately deters our foe from attacking us. 츮 ﰢ ұ η 츮 Ѵ. [+] requite, avenge, reciprocate, revenge; (retaliate) ϸ ٽ(re) Ż(tal) ." reticence,"n. reserve; uncommunicativeness; inclination to be silent ħ; ; Hughes preferred reticent employees to loquacious ones, noting that the formers' dislike of idle chatter might ensure their discretion about his affairs. ִ 㿡 Ͽ ׵ ִ 𸥴ٰ ߱ 麸 ߴ. [+] taciturn" reticulated,"a. covered with a network; having the appearance of a mesh ׹ ; ھ ̴ She wore the reticulated stockings so popular with teenagers at that time. ׳ 10 ̿ ߴ ׹ Ÿŷ ž." retinue,"n. following; attendants ; The queen's retinue followed her down the aisle. ׳ฦ ڵ." retiring,"a. modest; shy Given Susan's retiring personality, no one expected her to take up public speaking; surprisingly enough, she became a star of the school debate team. ݾϴ õ ƹ ׳డ ϸ ʾҴ. ׷ ſ Ե ׳ б Ÿ Ǿ. [+] diffident" retraction,"n. withdrawal öȸ He dropped his libel suit after the newspaper published a retraction of its statement. Ź 縦 Ѵٰ ״ Ѽ Ҽ ߴ. [+] cancellation, revocation; cf. rescission ( )" retrench,"v. re(=back) + trench(=cut) cut down expenses ; make economies / economize <> ̴, ϴ ; ϴ / 谨ϴ Realizing that the cut in my allowance obliged me to retrench , I put myself on a rigorous diet of only one banana split a day. ; If they were to be able to send their children to college, they would have to retrench. 뵷 谨 ؾ Ѵٴ ˾ұ ϰ Ϸ ٳ ø Ѱ . ; ̵ п ؾ߸ ٵ. [+] curtail, reduce" retribution,"n. re(=again, back) + tribut(=give, pay) deserved punishment / vengeance; compensation; punishment for offenses , , õ, / ; ¡ The wicked may seem to proper, but I am convinced that sometime, somehow, in this or the next, there will be retribution . ; The evangelist maintained that an angry deity would exact retribution from the sinners. ڵ ó  ؼ ̽¿ ƴϸ ¿ ȮѴ. ; ε鿡 ̶ ߴ. [+] nemesis, vengeance; redress" retrieve,"v. recover; find and bring in ȸϴ; ȸϴ The dog was intelligent and quickly learned to retrieve the game killed by the hunter. ؼ ɲ ɰ ã . [+] rehabilitate, recuperate" retroactive,"a. act(=act,do) applying to the past / of a law which dates back to a period before its enactment <, > ұϴ / ұ޹ The pay raise was retroactive to the preceding September. ; Because the law was retroactive to the first of the year, we found she was eligible for the pension. ޷ λ ⵵ 9 ұ޵Ǿ . ; ʱ ұ Ǿ 츮 ׳డ ڰ ˾Ҵ." retrograde,"a.v. grad(=go,degree) decline, revert, grow worse / directed backwards ; likely to cause worse conditions, deteriorating / going backwards; degenerating Ǻϴ, Ÿϴ, ȭϴ / ϴ ; ϴ, ȭų / ȭϴ; () ()ȭϴ Instead of advancing, our civilization seems to have retrograded in ethics and culture. ; Instead of advancing, our civilization seems to have retrograded in ethics and culture. 츮 鿡 ־ ƴ϶ Ѱ . ; ϱ Ŀ 츮 ȭ鿡 ϴ . [+] deteriorate" retrospective,"a. spect(=look) relating to retrospection, looking back on past events, etc. ; retroactive / looking back on the past ȸ, ȸ ; <, > ұϴ / ȸϴ The cndemned men would be subject to a retrospective statue allowing capital punishment. ; It is only when we become retrospective that we can appreciate the tremendous advances made during this century. ˼ ϴ ұ ɿ ̴. ; 츮 ⿡ ̷ û Ÿ ̴. [+] reminiscent" revelry,"n. boisterous merrymaking ȯ New Year's Eve is a night of revelry. ? ûû ̴. [+] gaiety, jollity, revel" reverberate,"v. echo; resound ϴ; ; (,) ݻϴ, ϴ The entire valley reverberated with the sound of the church bells. ¥⿡ ȸ Ҹ ÷ . [+] ϸ Ѽ (reverberate)." reverent,"a. respectful ϴ His reverent attitude was appropriate in a house of worship. ϴ µ ȸ ̾. [+] deferential" reverie,"n. daydream; musing ȯ; , , He was awakened from his reverie by the teacher's question. ״ ް 󿡼 . [+] cf. revelry ȯ revelry, reverie 'ȯ'ڷ " rhetorical,"a. pertaining to effective communication; insincere in language ; To win his audience, the speaker used every rhetorical trick in the book. ûߵ ϱ å ִ ̻翩 ⱳ ٺηȴ. [+] bombastic, euphuistic, grandiloquent, magniloquent, pompous" rheumy,"a. pertaining to a discharge from nose and eyes ڿ , кϴ His rheumy eyes warned us that he was coming down with a cold. 츮 װ ⿡ Ÿ ִٴ Ǿ. [+] cf. lachrymose ( ھƳ)" rider,"n. amendment or clause added to a legislative bill Ģ; Ư Senator Foghorn said he would support Senator Filibuster's tax reform bill only if Filibuster agreed to add an antipollution rider to the bill. ǿ ȥ ǿ ʸ ν ̶ ߴµ ʸ νͰ ȿ Ģ ÷ϴµ ϴ Ͽ. [+] appendix, codicil, supplement" rift,"n. opening; break ƴ; ƴ The plane was lost in the stormy sky until the pilot saw the city through a rift in the clouds. 簡 κ ø dz ӿ ¿. [+] crevice, fissure, fracture, rupture, schism; [-] reconciliation(ȭ, ȭ)" rigor,"n. severity Ȥ, , Ȥ Many settlers could not stand the rigors of the New England winters. ε ױ۷ Ȥ ܿö ̰ܳ . [+] asperity, austerity, sternness; Ȥ,(rigor)ϰԵ ٽ Go (rigor) ġ.(鿡)" rime,"n. white frost The early morning dew had frozen and everything was covered with a thin coat of rime. ħ پ ͵ . [+] cf. lime (ȸ)" risible,"a. inclined to laugh; ludicrous ; ͻ콺 His remarks were so risible that the audience howled with laughter. ʹ ܼ ûߵ ũ . [+] comical, droll; (risible) (risible) ִ." risque,"a. verging upon the improper; off-color ƽƽ; ܼ Please do not tell your risque anecdotes at this party. Ƽ ̾߱ ʽÿ. [+] ribald, risky; cf. clique (, Ĺ), pique (ȭ,)" roan,"a. brown mixed with gray or white ȸ̳ ȥյ (, ) You can distinguish this horse in a race because it is roan while all the others are bay or chestnut. ٸ ̰ų ε Ͽ п ֱ ֿ ̴." rococo,"a. ornate; highly decorated ȭ; ġ baroque, flamboyant The rococo style in furniture and architecture, marked by scrollwork and excessive decoration, flourished during the middle of the eighteenth century. [+] ڽ (18 ̼ )" roil,"v. to make liquids murky by stirring up sediment Be careful when you pour not to roil the wine; if you stir up the sediment you'll destroy the flavor. ָ ʵ ض.  ϱݰ ڼ̸ ȴ. [+] muddle" rood,"n. crucifix ڰ ׸ ""By the rood"" used to be a strong oath. ""ڰ ͼ"" ǰ ߴ." roseate,"a. rosy; optimistic ̺; I am afraid you will have to alter your roseate views in the light of the distressing news that has just arrived. ҽ ذ ұ . [+] promising" roster,"n. list , Ϻ They print the roster of players in the season's program. ׵ α׷ ִ μߴ. [+] catalog, register" rostrum,"n. platform for speech-making; pulpit ; The crowd murmured angrily and indicated that they did not care to listen to the speaker who was approaching the rostrum. ȭ ߾Ÿ鼭 ִ ȴٴ Ÿ . [+] [ rostra; ܼ ] θ θ (ȹ θ ȸ(Forum) )" rote,"n. repetition ݺ, () He recited the passage by rote and gave no indication he understood what he was saying. ״ ݺؼ ۱͸ ϼߴµ ϴ 𸣰 ׷ ߴ. [+] cf. mote (Ƽ,); by rote (, ܿ); ݺ(rote) Ƽ(mote) ߴ" rotunda,"n. circular building or hall covered with a dome ǹ; ū Ȧ His body lay in state in the rotunda of the Capitol. ý ȸǻ ū Ȧ ġǾ." rotundity,"n. roundness; sonorousness of speech ; (Ҹ) 췷, Washington Irving emphasized the rotundity of the governor by describing his height and circumference. Ű ѷ ν ׶ Ͽ. [+] orotund (Ҹ ︮, )" rubble,"n. bits of broken stone, rock or brickwork / fragments ٽ <> / ⼮ Before the new housing project could be built, it was necessary to tear down the old houses and remove the rubble . ; Ten years after World War II, some of the rubble left enemy bombings could still be seen. ? ٽ ġ ʿߴ. ; 2 10 µ ź Ϸ νⰡ ." rubicund,"a. having a healthy reddish color; ruddy; florid ǰ ; ұ׽; His rubicund complexion was the result of an active outdoor life. Ȱ ٱ Ȱ . [+] sanguine" rubric,"n. title or heading(in red print); directions ofr religious ceremony; protocol ; ʹ In ordaining the new priests, the bishop carefully observed all the rubrics for the ordination service. ?ڵ ӸԿ ־ ֱ Ŀ Ƿ ɽ ߴ. [+] appellation" ruddy,"a. reddish; healthy-looking ұ׽; His ruddy features indicated that he had spent much time in the open. ұ׷ ܿ ð ־. [+] rubicund, sanguine" rueful,"a. regretful; sorrowful; dejected ġ; ; Ǯ The artist has captured the sadness of childhood in his portrait of the boy with the rueful countenance. ο ǥ ִ ҳ ׸ ʻȭ ̼  ߴ. [+] (n.) rue (ȸ)" ruffian,"n. bully; scoundrel Ѵ, The ruffians threw stones at the police. д . [+] evildoer" rummage,"v. ransack; thoroughly search ?; ãƳ When we rummaged through the trunks in the attic, we found many souvenirs of our childhood days. ٶ ִ Ʈũ 츮  ǰ ߰ ־. [+] (rum)ָ (rummage)" runic,"a. mysterious; set down in an ancient alphabet ź񽺷; 빮ڷ Tolkien's use of Old English words and inscriptions in the runic alphabet give ""The lord of the Rings"" its atmosphere of antiquity. Ű ڵ ڷ 񹮵 ""The Lord of Rings"" dz ⸦ ش." ruse,"n. trick; stratagem 跫; å You will not be able to fool your friends with such an obvious ruse. ׷ 跫δ ģ ̴. [+] artifice, feint, maneuver" rusticate,"v. banish to the country; dwell in the country ð Ѵ; ð I like city life so much that I can never understand how people can rusticate in the suburbs. Ȱ ϱ  ð񿡼 ." ruthless,"a. pitiless The escaped convict was a dangerous and ruthless murderer. Ż 轺 ڿ. [+] merciless, relentless; cf. ruth (,, pitty)" sacerdotal,"a. priestly ; The priest decided to abandon his sacerdotal duties and enter the field of politics. źδ μ ǹ 迡  ߴ. [+] clerical, ecclesiastic" sacrilegious,"a. desecrating; profane ; ż His stealing of the altar cloth was a very sacrilegious act. װ õ ģ ż ſ ϴ . [+] blasphemous, impious, irreverent" sadistic,"a. inclined to cruelty Ȥ; ¼ If we are to improve conditions in this prison, we must first get rid of the sadistic warden. ȯ Ű 켱 ѾƳ Ѵ." saffron,"a. orange-colored; colored like the autumn crocus ; ö ũũ The Halloween cake was decorated with saffron-colored icing. ҷ ũ Ȳ Ǹ ĵǾ." saga,"n. Scandinavian myth; any legend ĭ𳪺 ȭ; This is a saga of the sea and the men who risk their lives on it. ̰ ٴٿ ٴٿ ɰ 鿡 ̾߱. [+] edda" salacious,"a. lascivious; lustful , ȣ Chaucer's monk is not pious but salacious, a teller of lewd tales and ribald jests. ʼ ڴ ϱ⺸ٴ 󽺷 ̾߱ ϴ ̴. [+] lecherous, lewd, libertine, libidinous, licentious" saline,"a. salty § The slightly saline taste of this mineral water is pleasant. õ ణ § ñ⿡ . [+] brackish" sallow,"a. yellowish; sickly in color ûȲ; We were disturbed by his sallow complexion, which was due to jaundice. Ȳ޷ Ȼ 츮 ߴ. [+] pallid, wan, pale; cf. callow (̼), fallow ( ִ), sallow (â), wallow (߱)" saltatory,"a. relating to leaping ϴ The male members of the ballet company were renowned for their saltatory exploits. ߷ ܿ ϴ. [+] ұ(salt) ԰ ϶(saltatory)!" salubrious,"a. healthful İ ǰ Many people with hay fever move to more salubrious sections of the country during the months of August and September. ʿ 8 9 İ ǰ ̻縦 . [+] wholesome; [-] unhealthy(ǰ )" salver,"n. tray ձ The food was brought in on silver salvers by the waiters. ͵ ݿ Դ. [+] cf. palaver (,,)" sangfroid,"n. coolness in a trying situation ; ¿ھ The captain's sangfroid helped to allay the fears of the passengers. ħ ° Ǿ. [+] composure, equanimity, imperturbability, phlegm; Ҿ cold blood " sanguinary,"a. bloody Ǻ񸰳 ; The battle of Iwo Jima was unexpectedly sanguinary with many casualties. ̿ ġ ʰ ڸ Ǻ񸰳 ̾. [+] gory" sapid,"a. savory; tasty; relishable dzִ; ִ This chef has the knack of making most foods more sapid and appealing. θӸ 丮 κ ĵ ְ ̸ ִ." sapient,"a. wise; shrewd ; ƴ ü ϴ The students enjoyed the professor's sapient digressions more than his formal lectures. л Ǻ ġְ п  ͵鿡 ־ ߴ. [+] judicious, prudent, sage; Ǿƴ (sapient) Ÿ ." sarcophagus,"n. stone coffin, often highly decorated The display of the sarcophagus in the art museum impresses me as a morbid exhibition. ̼ õ ." sartorial,"a. pertaining to tailors ; He was as famous for the sartorial splendor of his attire as he was for his acting. ״ ⸸ŭ̳ ȭ ǻε ϴ." sate,"v. satisfy to the full; cloy Ҹ ̴; ϴ Its hunger sated, the lion dozed. Ⱑ ذ ڴ . [+] glut, gorge, satiate; [-] starve(ָ)" satellite,"n. small body revolving around a larger one ; ΰ During the first few years of the Space Age, hundreds of satellites were launched by Russia and the United States. ô ʱ ΰ ҷð ̱ ߻Ǿ." satiate,"v. sat(=enough) + i(=s.e.) + ate(=make) satisfy fully ; cloy ; weary oneself with too much / surfeit; Ű ; ϴ ; ʹ ϴ / ϴ; I rather like the better TV game shows, but I find that after a certain point they satiate me and I'm ready for more substantial fare. ; The guests, having eaten until they were satiated, now listened inattentively to the speakers. TV  Ļؼ Ǽִ θ ã´. ; մԵ ͱ ʾҴ. [+] cloy, glut, gorge, sate" satiety,"n. condition of being crammed full; glutted state; repletion ; ; The satiety of the guests at the sumptuous feast became apparent when they refused the delicious dessert. ȣȭο մԵ ִ Ľ ׵ ִ ̾ [+] satiation" satire,"n. use of ridicule, irony, or sarcasm to expose folly, vice, etc. dzڹ; dz Gulliver's Travels, which is regarded by many as a tale for children, is actually a bitter satire attacking man's folly. ȭ 'ɸ '   ϴ Ŷ dz ǰ̴. [+] lampoonery, parody" satirical,"a. mocking dz The humor of cartoonist Gary Trdeau often is satirical; through the comments of the Doonesbury characters, Trudeau ridicules political corruption and folly. ȭ Ʈ絵 Ӵ dz̴. н ؼ ״ ġ Ÿ  ִ. [+] lampooning, ridiculing" satrap,"n. petty ruler working for a superior despot ¼; The monarch and his satraps oppressed the citizens of the country. ֿ ¼ ùε ߴ." saturate,"v. soak Ű? ô Their clothes were saturated by the rain. ׵ 컶 . [+] drench, imbue" saturnine,"a. gloomy Do not be misled by his saturnine countenance; he is not as gloomy as he looks. ǥ . ״ ⸸ŭ ʴ. [+] (satur) 9(nine) ϴ(saturnine)." satyr,"n. half-human, half-bestial being in the court of Dionysos Ȱ ¡ ιݼ He was like a satyr in his lustful conduct. ״ ൿ ׸ ȭ Ƽν . [+] cf. centaur (ιݸ)" saunter,"v. stroll slowly åϴ as we sauntered through the park, we stopped frequently to admire the spring flowers. 츮 η åϸ鼭 ɵ ߴ. [+] ܿ£ Ʈ(saunter) å ϴ.(saunter)" savoir faire,"n. tact; poise; sophistication ġ; I envy his savoir faire; he always knows exactly what to do and say. ġ ηѴ. ״ ൿ Ȯ ˰ ִ. [+]" savor,"v. have a distinctive flavor, smell, or quality - I think your choice of a successor savor of favoritism. İڸ ϴµ ִٰ Ѵ. [+] relish" scanty,"a. meager; insufficient , / Thinking his helping of food was scanty, Oliver Twist asked for more. ø ƮƮ ķ Ͽ ķ ûߴ. [+] inadequate, scarce" scapegoat,"n. someone who bears the blame for others ˾ After the Challenger disaster, NASA searched for scapegoats on whom they could cast te blame. çȣ װֱ ˾ ãҴ. [+] victim" scarify,"v. make slight incisions in; scratch ڸ; He was not severely cut; the flying glass had merely scarified him. ״ ϰ ʾҴ; 󰡴 ¾ ̴." scavenger,"n. collector and disposer of refuse; animal that devours carrion ûҺ; ǰ; ⸦ Դ The Oakland Scavenger Company is responsible for the collection and disposal of the community's garbage. Ŭ ȸ簡 ⸦ Ͽ óϴ ð ִ." scintilla,"n. shred; least bit ҷ; , Ҳ You have not produced a scintilla of evidence to support your argument. ŵ ʾҴ. [+] mite" sciolism,"n. quackery; superficial information õ й; His superficial scientific treatises were filled with sciolisms and outmoded data. ӱ ӱ İ ô뿡 ʴ ڷ ־. [+] smattering" scion,"n. offspring ڼ The farm boy felt out of place in the school attended by the scions of the wealthy and noble families. ҳ ϰ ڽĵ ٴϴ бʹ ڽ ︮ ʴ´ٰ . [+] descendants, posterity, progeniture, twinkle" scoff,"v. mock; ridicule ϴ,  He scoffed at dentists until he had his first toothache. ״ ù ġ ֱ ġ ǻ縦 ߴ. [+] deride, flout, gibe, sneer" scotch,"v. stamp out; thwart; hinder (dz ) Heather tried to scotch the rumor that she had stolen her best friend's fiance. ģ ڱ ģ ȥڸ ѾҴٴ ҹ Ű ֽ. [-] unfasten(Ǯ)" scourge,"n. lash; whip; severe punishment ä; ȸʸ; õ They feared the plague and regarded it as a deadly scourge. ׵ 佺Ʈ װ ̶ ߴ. [+] plague" screed,"n. long, tiresome harangue Ȳ His letters were no more than screeds in which he listed his complaints. þ 層 Ұߴ." scullion,"n. menial kitchen worker ξ; õ ; He acted as though he were the head chef when he was actually only a scullion. ֹ ɺθ̾ ״ ڱⰡ ̶ֹ ߴ." scurrilous,"a. obscene; indecent 󽺷?? Your scurrilous remarks are especially offensive because they are untrue. Ǽ Ư ̴. [+] abusive, vituperative" scurry,"v. move briskly Ȳ ޸, θ; The White Rabbit had to scurry to get to his appointment on time. 'white Rabbit'ȣ ÿ ҿ ϱ Ȳ ޷ȴ. [+] dash, hasten" scuttle,"v. sink ħŰ, վ The sailors decided to scuttle their vessel rather than surrender it to the enemy. ¹ ׵ 踦 Ѱִ ͺ վ ħ Ű ߴ." sebaceous,"a. oily; fatty ; The sebaceous glands secrete oil to the hair follicles. ⸧ кѴ." secession,"n. cess(=go) seceding / withdrawal Ż We tried to prevent their secession from the club. ; The secession of the Southern states provided Lincoln with his first major problem after his inauguration. 츮 ׵ Ŭ Ż ϴ ߴ. ; ù° ߿ ֹε Ż𿴴. [+] disjunction, separation; v. secede (Żϴ=defect)" secrete,"v. cret(=separate) put or keep in a secret place ; produce by secretion / hide away or cache; produce and release a substance into an organism , ߴ, ϴ ; кϴ / з ϴ; We looked for a good place to secrete the gift. ; The pack rat secretes odds ends in its nest; the pancreas secretes insulin in the islets of Langerhans. 츮 ߱⿡ ãҴ. ; ӿ ⵿ϸ . Ըѽ ν кѴ. [+] conceal" sectarian,"a. narrow-minded; limited in scope , , , () As university chaplain, she sought to address universal religious issues and not limit herself to mere sectarian concerns. μ ׳ ܼ 迡 Ǵ ϰ ߴ. [+] insular, provincial" sedate,"a. composed; grave ħ; ħ The parents were worried because they felt their son was too quiet and sedate. θ Ƶ ʹ ϰ ħϴٰ Ͽ. [+] placid, serene, staid, tranquil; sober, solemn" sedulous,"a. diligent ٸ The young woman was so sedulous that she received a commendation for her hard work. ڴ ʹ ٸؼ ڽ Ͽ Ī ޾Ҵ. [+] assiduous, industrious; [-] careless()" seethe,"v. be disturbed; boil Ҷ; The nation was seething with discontent as the noblemen continued their arrogant ways. Ÿ µ ε Ҹ Ҷ. [+] ferment, stir" seine,"n. net for catching fish θ When the shad run during the spring, you may see fishermen with seines along the banks of our coastal rivers. ö û ٳ ׹ ε ִ." seismic,"a. pertaining to earthquakes The Richter scale is a measurement of seismic disturbances. ǥѴ." semblance,"n. outward appearance; guise ܰ; ٹ; Although this book has a semblance of wisdom and scholarship, a careful examination will reveal many errors and omissions. å δ ִ , ڼ ִ ͵ 巯 ̴." seminal,"a. germinal; influencing future developments; related to seed or semen , ٿ Although Freud has generally been regarded as a seminal thinker who shaped the course of psychology, his psychoanalytic methods have come under attack recently. Ϲ ̵ ɸ üȭŲ ٿ 󰡷μ ֵ ֱ м ް ִ. [+] fundamental; [-] hampering further development( ϴ)" senescence,"n. state of growing old ; He did not show any signs of senescence until he was well past seventy. 70 ξ ״ ʾҴ." senility,"n. old age; feeblemindedness of old age ; Most of the decisions are being made by the junior members of the company because of the senility of the president. ľ κ ȸ ϱ 鿡 ̷. [+] dotage" sensual,"a. devoted to the pleasures of the senses; carnal; voluptuous Ѵ; ; 俰 I cannot understand what caused him to drop his sensual way of life and become so ascetic. װ Ȱ ׷ ݿ Ǿ . [+] sensuous, luscious" sensuous,"a. pertaining to the physical senses; operating through the senses ; He was stimulated by the sights, sounds and smells about him; he was enjoying his sensuous experience. ״ ð, û, İ ڱ ޾Ҵ. ״ ־. [+] luscious, sensual, voluptuous" septic,"a. putrid; producing putrefaction ; нŰ The hospital was in such a filthy state that we were afraid that many of the patients would suffer from septic poisoning. ʹ ¿ 츮 ȯڵ ߵ ɸ Ǿ. [+] antiseptic" sepulcher,"n. tomb Annabel Lee was buried in the sepulcher by the sea. ֳʹ븮 ٴ尡 . [+] grave" sequacious,"a. eager to follow; ductile 󰡱 ϴ; The sequacious members of Parliament were only too willing to do the bidding of their leader. ȸǿ ׵ (ѹ ) ɴ Ⲩ Ϸ ߴ." seraph,"n. high-ranking, six-winged angel 6 ޸ ְ õ In ""Annable Lee"" Poe maintains that ""winged seraphs of Heaven"" envied their great love. 'ֳʹ븮' õ簡 ׵ ηߴٰ Ѵ." sere,"a. parched; dry , After the unseasonably dry winter the Berkeley hills looked dusty and sere. ƴ ܿ Ŭ ̿ . [+] arid, droughty, thirsty" serenity,"n. calmness; placidity ; û The serenity of the sleepy town was shattered by a tremendous explosion. ڴ û ȴ. [+] composure, sangfroid" serrated,"a. having a sawtoothed edge The beech tree is one of many plants that have serrated leaves. غ Ĺ ϳ. [+] saw-edged; [-] smooth(Ų); [-] without notches(ϰ )" serried,"a. standing shoulder to shoulder; crowded ; պ In these days of automatic weapons, it is suicidal for troops to charge in serried ranks against the foe. ڵȭ ô뿡 밡 ̷ ϴٴ ڻ . [+] ('r') ϸ('rr') պ(serried) ̴." severance,"n. division; partition; separation ; д; и The severance of church and state is a basic principle of our government. ȸ и 츮 ⺻ Ģ̴. [+] cleavage, dismemberment" severity,"n. harshness; plainness , ; , The newspapers disapproved of the severity of the sentence. Ź ǰ ġٰ ߴ. [+] austerity, rigor, strictness, stringency; suffering" sham,"v. pretend ~ üϴ, ϴ He shammed sickness to get out of going to school. ״ б ʱ ؼ ôϿ. [+] feign, simulate" shambles,"n. slaughterhouse; scene of carnage ; By the time the police arrived, the room was a shambles. Ͽ Ǿ ־. [+] β(shame) , (shambles)" shard,"n. fragment, generally of pottery ڱ⳪ ׸ The archaeologist assigned several students the task of reassembling earthenware vessels from the shards he had brought back from the expedition. ڴ Ž迡 ߱Ͽ ׸ ¥ ߴ ۾ л ð." sheaf,"n. bundle of stalks of grain; any bundle of things tied together ; ٹ The lawyer picked up a sheaf of papers as he rose to question the witness. ȣ ο ϸ鼭 ̸ . [+] Į ̿ ٹ(sheaf) Į ־.(sheathe)" sheathe,"v. place into a case Į ִ As soon as he recognized the approaching men, he sheathed his dagger and hailed them as friends. ״ ٰ ˾ƺڸ ܰ Į ְ ׵ ģμ ȯȣߴ. [+] sheathe the sword Į Į ִ; ȭϴ" sherbet,"n. flavored dessert ice ּ I prefer raspberry sherbet to ice cream since it is less fattening. ̽ũ Ʈ Ѵ. װ Ʈ ϱ ̴." shimmer,"v. glimmer intermittently ϰ ġ The moonlight shimmered on the water as the moon broke through the clouds for a moment. ̷ ޺ ϰ ƴ. [+] twinkle" shoal,"n. shallow place The ship was stranded on a shoal and had to be pulled off by tugs. 谡 ʵǾ μ Ǿ ߴ. [+] shallow" shoddy,"a. of poor quality ; made to seem better than it is / sham; not genuine; inferior ; Ѹ ׷ / , ; ¥, ¥ ƴ; The record player looked impressive, but its construction was so shoddy that within a few months it seemed to be falling apart. ; You will never get the public to buy such shoddy material. λ̾ ʹ ؼ μ Ҵ. ; Ͽ ׷ ¥ ̴. [+] shabby" shrew,"n. scolding woman ܼҸ No one wanted to marry Shakespeare's Kate because she was a shrew. ͽǾ ǰ ӿ Ʈ ܼҸ ڿ ƹ ׳ ȥϱ⸦ ʾҴ. [+] termagant, virago" shunt,"v. turn aside; divert; sidetrack , ϴ If the switchman failed to shunt the Silver Streak onto a side track, the train would plow right into Union Station. ö Siver Streak ص Ƹ Union پ ̴. [+] avert, deflect" sibling,"n. brother or sister , ڸ; ڸ We may not enjoy being siblings, but we cannot forget that we still belong to the same family. ڸ Ͽ̶ ." sibylline,"a. prophetic; oracular ; ź Until their destruction by fire in 83 B.C., the sibylline books were often consulted by the Romans. 83⿡ ȭ 𼭵 θε Ͽ. [+] predictive; cf. sibyl ( )" sidereal,"a. relating to the stars The study of sidereal bodies has been greatly advanced by the new telescope. ׼ ο 濡 ŭ ߴ. [+] astral, stellar" silt,"n. sediment deposited by running water 帣 ; ħ The harbor channel must be dredged annually to remove the silt. ױ ٴ ħ並 ϱ ظ ûҵǰ ִ." simian,"a. monkeylike Lemurs are nocturnal mammals and have many simian characteristics, although they are less intelligent than monkeys. ̺ٴ ̵ ༺ μ Ư¡ ִ." simile,"n. comparison of one thing with another, using the word like or as ""My love is like a red, red rose"" is a simile. , ٿ ǥ ̴. [+] metaphor, similitude" similitude,"n. simil(=same) resemblance in general details but not in everything / similitude; using comparisons such as similes, etc. , / 缺; 񱳹 The portrait bears him a striking similitude . ; Although the critics deplored his use of mixed metaphors, he continued to write in similitudes. ʻȭ ׸ ſ Ҵ . ; Ǻ װ ϴ Ϳ ź ״ . [+] affinity, analogy, comparison, resemblance, similarity,; metaphor, simile" simpering,"a. smirking I can overlook his simpering manner, but I cannot ignore his stupidity. µ . [+] v. simper ; ϰ(simple) (simpering)" simulate,"v. simul(=same) + ate(=make) pretend, feign ; look or act like; to imitate; to copy ... üϴ, ϴ ; 䳻, ϴ, ϴ / - ü ϴ To impress her newly made friends, she simulated an interest in modern art, of which she knew nothing. ; He simulated insanity in order to avoid punishment for his crime.; The model tests in this book simulate the TOEFL examination. ׳ ģ鿡 λ ׳ ϴ ̼ ִ ôߴ . ; ״ ˿ ó ʱ ̻ üϿ. [+] pretend" sinecure,"n. well-paid position with little responsibility 鼭 å; My job is no sinecure; I work long hours and have much responsibility. ƴϴ, ð ؾ ϰ åӵ . [-] arduous employment( )" sinewy,"a. tough; strong and firm , The steak was too sinewy to chew. ũ ʹ ܼ . [+] hardy; [-] weak()" sinister,"a. evil ; ұ We must defeat the sinister forces that seek our downfall. 츮 츮 ĸŰ 񷯾߸ Ѵ. [+] nefarious; (sin) (sinister) ȴ." sinuous,"a. winding; bending in and out; not morally honest; winding; curving ұ; ; The snake moved in a sinuous manner.; Seen from an airplane, the river is as sinuous as a snake. ٺҲٺ . [+] convoluted, meandering, tortuous" sirocco,"n. warm, sultry wind blown Africa to southern Europe ī Ҿ dz We can understand the popularity of the siesta in southern Spain; when the sirocco blows, the afternoon heat is unbearable. ο ڴ αⰡ ִ ִ. dz Ⱑ ƴ." skeptic,"n. doubter ȸǷ In this matter, I am a skeptic; I want proof. ־ ȸǷڴ. Ÿ Ѵ. [+] unbeliever" skimp,"v. provide scantily; live very economically ִ, λϰ ִ; ϸ They were forced to skimp on necessities in order to make their limited supplies last the winter. ׵ ǰ ܿ ؾ߸ ߴ. [+] stint" skinflint,"n. miser μ The old skinflint refused to give her a raise. μ ׳࿡ ӱ ÷ִ ߴ. [+] niggard" skulduggery,"n. dishonest behavior The investigation into municipal corruption turned up new instances of skullduggery daily. ÿ 翡 ο Ƿʰ 巯." skulk,"v. move furtively and secretly ; ẹϴ; ٴϴ He skulked through the less fashionable sections of the city in order to avoid meeting any of his former friends. ״ ģ ʾƼ ƴٳ. [+] sneak" slacken,"v. slow up; loosen ӵ ߴ; ̴ As they passed the finish line, the runners slackened their pace. ڵ ӵ ߾. [+] abate, wane; relax" slattern,"n. untidy or slovenly person ġ If you persist in wearing such sloppy clothes, people will call you a slattern. ׷ Ա⸦ Ѵٸ ġ ڶ ̴. [+] ִ ڴ ġ ڴ. (slattern)" sleazy,"a. flimsy; unsubstantial; sheer; gauzy; cheap ; α This is a sleazy material; it will not wear well.; I like the style and the color, but the material seems a little sleazy to me. ̰ ̴. [+] tenuous" sleeper,"n. something oringinally of little value or importance that in time becomes very valuable ũȣ Unnoticed by the critics at its publication, the eventual Pulitzer Prize winner was a classic sleeper. ǵ 򰡵κ ָ , ᱹ ǽó ۰ ״ ǻ پ ũȣ." sleight,"n. dexterity ɼ ؾ The magician amazed the audience with his sleight of hand. پ ַ ûߵ ߴ. [+] cf. onslaught (Ͱ); ɼ ؾ(sleight) Ͱϴ(onslaught)." slither,"v. slip or slide ̲ During the recent ice storm, many people slithered down this hill as they walked to the station. ֱٿ ɾ ٰ ̲. [+] glide" slough,"v. cast off 㹰 Each spring, the snake sloughs off its skin. ų 㹰 ´. [+] (sleazy) 㹰 (out).(slough)" slovenly,"a. of or like a sloven / untidy; careless in work habits , , ġ , Ȧ / ; Ǵ Isn't it strange that a young woman who will spend hours making sure that she looks ""just right"" for a date is often so slovenly at other times? ; Such slovenly work habits will never produce good products. Ʈ """" ̵ ϴµ ׷ ð Һϴ ڰ ٸ ׷ ϰ ̴ ̻ ʽϱ? ; ׷ ó δ ǰ س ̴. [+] disheveled, unkempt" sluggard,"n. lazy person ""You are a sluggard, a drone, a parasite,"" the angry father shouted at his lazy son. 'ʴ ϰ ϴ ΰ'̶ ȭ ƹ Ƶ鿡 Ҹƴ. [+] μ(niggard) (sluggard) ." sluice,"n. artificial channel for directing or controlling the flow of water The sluice gate is opened only in time of drought to provide water for irrigation.  ." smattering,"n. slight knowledge ӱ I don't know whether it is better to be ignorant of a subject or to have a mere smattering of information about it.  𸣴 ƴϸ ӱ ƴ . [+] sciolism" smirk,"n. conceited smile Wipe that smirk off your face! 󱼿 . [+] simper" smolder,"v. burn without flame; be liable to break out at any moment; to burn with little smoke and no flame ; ӿ ̴ The rags smoldered for hours before they burst into flame.; The forest rangers found a fire smoldering in an abandoned campsite. ո Ҳ Ȯ Ÿ ð ⸸ ." snicker,"n. half-stifled laugh The boy could not suppress a snicker when the teacher sat on the tack. ʾ ҳ ųųŸ . [+] giggle" snivel,"v. run at the nose; snuffle; whine ๰() 긮 Don't you come sniveling to me complaining about your big brother. ϸ鼭 ̸ ãƿ ." sobriquet,"n. nickname Despite all his protests, his classmates continued to call him by that unflattering sobriquet. ǿ ұϰ ݿ ׸ ҷ." sodden,"a. soaked; dull, as if from drink 컶 ; He set his sodden overcoat near the radiator to dry. ״ 컶 濭 ̿ ξ. [+] drenched, saturated, soaked; [-] desiccated()" sojourn,"n. temporary stay Ͻ ü After his sojourn in Florida, he began to long for her colder climate of his native New England home. ÷θٿ Ŀ ״ ױ۷ ߿ ĸ ׸ϱ ߴ." solecism,"n. construction that is flagrantly incorrect grammatically Ʋ I must give this paper a failing mark because it contains many solecisms. ׵ Ƽ . [+] cf. sciolism (õ й); õ й(sciolism) ۹ ð (solecism) ϰ Ǿִ." soliloquy,"n. talking to oneself The soliloquy is a device by the dramatist to reveal a character's innermost thoughts and emotions. üϴ ǰ ſ Ͽ. [+] monologue" solstice,"n. point at which the sun is farthest from the equator ¾ ָ ִ ; , 4. The winter solstice usually occurs on December 21. [+] the summer solstice (), the winter solstice ()" somatic,"a. pertaining to the body; physical ü; ü carnal, corporeal, fleshly Why do you ignore the spiritual aspects and emphasize only the corporeal and the somatic. [+] cf. somatology ü, ü; [-] nonphysical(ü ƴ)" somber,"a. gloomy; depressing , From the doctor's grim expression!, I could tell he had somber news. ǻ ǥ װ ҽ ̶ ־. [+] saturnine" somnambulist,"n. sleepwalker The most famous somnambulist in literature is Lady Macbeth; her monologue in the sleepwalking scene is one of the highlights of Shakespeare's play. п ȯڴ ƺ ̴. 鿡 ׳ ͽǾ ε巯 ϳ." somnolent,"a. somn(=sleep) + ol(=s.e.) + ent(=having the quality of) sleepy ; almost asleep ; causing sleep / half asleep ; ; ϴ He tried hard to remain awake after dinner, but the somnolent atmosphere of that musty old parlor was too much for him. ; The heavy meal and the overheated room made us all somnolent and indifferent to the speaker. Ļ ״ ſ ֽ γ װ ߵ⿡ ʹ á. ; ѵٰ dz 츮 δ Ͽ. [+] drowsy" sonorous,"a. resonant ; His sonorous voice resounded through the hall. Ҹ Ȧ ü . [+] orotund, rotund, vibrant" sophist,"n. teacher of philosophy; quibbler; employer of fallacious reasoning öб; ˺; ߷ Ϸ You are using all the devices of a sophist in trying to prove your case; your argument is specious. ϱ ˺ ϰ ִ. Ѹ ׷ ϴ." sophistication,"n. artificiality; unnaturalness; act of employing sophistry in reasoning ; Ŀ ; ߷п ǽƮ , ˺ Sophistication is an acquired characteristic, found more frequently among city dwellers than among residents of rural areas. ð 麸 ڵ鿡Լ ̴ õ 淯 Ư¡̴. [+] ant. naivete" sophistry,"n. seemingly plausible but fallacious reasoning ˺ Instead of advancing valid arguments, he tried to overwhelm his audience with a flood of sophistries. Ÿ ſ ״ ˺ û еϷ ߴ. [+] casuistry, speciousness" soupcon,"n. suggestion; hint; taste ҷ, , ,Ͻ; Ʈ; A soupcon of garlic will improve this dish. ҷ ÷ ̴. [+] trace; (soup) (con)  (soupcon)" spangle,"n. small metallic piece sewn to clothing for ornamentation Ǻ ٴ ݼ The thousands of spangles on her dress sparkled in the glare of the stage lights. ׳ ǻ ޸ õ ݼ Һ ӿ ½ ȴ." spasmodic,"a. fitful; periodic ; The spasmodic coughing in the auditorium annoyed the performers. 翡 鸮 ħ Ҹ ڵ . [+] sporadic" spatial,"a. relating to space ; It is difficult to visualize the spatial extent of our universe. ðȭϱ ƴ." spatula,"n. broad-bladed instrument used for spreading or mixing ְ The manufacturers of this frying pan recommend the use of a rubber spatula to avoid scratching the specially treated surface. ڴ Ưϰ ó ǥ ְ Ͽ." spectral,"a. ghostly ; / ͽ We were frightened by the spectral glow that filled the room. ; We were frightened by the spectral glow that filled the room. 츮 濡 . ; 츮 濡 . [+] ghostlike, phantomlike, ghostlike, phantomlike" sphinx-like,"a. enigmatic; mysterious , Ұ The Mona Lisa's sphinx-like expression! has puzzled art lovers for centuries. 𳪸 ̼Ҵ ̼ ȣ 򰥸 ߴ. [+] incomprehensible, inscrutable" splenetic,"a. spiteful; irritable; peevish ¢; ; People shunned him because of his splenetic temper. ٷο ׸ ߴ. [+] fretful, petulant, testy, touchy; ¢İ, , ϰ, splenetic! spleen()" spoliation,"n. pillaging; depredation Ż; Ż We regard this unwarranted attack on a neutral nation as an act of spoliation and we demand that it cease at once and tat proper restitution be made. ߸ ȭ ʴ Ż ؼ ﰢ ϰ ׿ 䱸ϴ ̴." spontaneity,"n. inpulsiveness; absence of premeditation ڹ߼ What I liked best about Dale's parties was their spontaneity; a couple of friends would drop by, someone would pull out a fiddle or guitar, and before you knew it the party would be in full swing. Ƽ ڹ߼̴. ģ Ҿ Ƽ忡 鸣⵵ ϰ  ̴ ̿ø Ÿ ⵵ Ѵ. ׷ װ ˱ Ƽ â Ŷ ̴. [+] naturalness" spoonerism,"n. accidental transposition of sounds in successive words ȯ When the radio announcer introduced the President as Hoobert Herver, he was guilty of a spoonerism. Ƴ ĹƮ Ұ ״ ȯ Ǽ ߴ." sportive,"a. playful 峭; Such a sportive attitude is surprising in a person as serious as you usually are. ó ҿ ׷ ִ ϸ ִٴ . [+] gay, jocund jolly" spruce,"a. neat and trim , Ȱ Every button buttoned, tie firmly in place, young Alex Keaton looked spruce and tidy for his job interview at the bank. ߸ ä Ÿ̸ ġ ˷ ϰ ϰ Ҵ. [+] smart, sporty" spume,"n. froth; foam ǰ The spume at the base of the waterfall extended for a quarter of a mile downriver. ǰ Ʒ 1/4 ƴ. [+] exclude, repel; disdain, flout" squalid,"a. dirty; neglected; poor ; ; It is easy to see how crime can breed in such a squalid neighborhood. ׷ ˰  ִ. [+] filthy; despicable, ignoble, vile; [-] pristine(ڿ ״)" staccato,"a. played in an abrupt manner; marked by abrupt sharp sound ; Ȯ  His staccato speech reminded one of the sound of a machine gun. Ÿī Ҹ Ǿ." stagnant,"a. motionless; stale; dull 帣 ʴ, ִ; ; The stagnant water was a breeding ground for disease. ִ »̴. [+] v. stagnate" staid,"a. sober; sedate , , ħ; Her conduct during the funeral ceremony was staid and solemn. ʽ ׳ ൿ ϰ Ͽ. [+] grave, sedate, solemn; stay ¸ staid ...." stalemate,"n. deadlock ٸ; Negotiations between the union and the employers have reached a stalemate; neither side is willing to budge from previously stated positions. ֵ鰣 ߴ. ʵ ġ 纸Ϸ ʾҴ. [+] ģ(stale mate) Բϸ (stalemate) ȴ." stamina,"n. strength; staying power ; I doubt that she has the stamina to run the full distance of the marathon race. ׳డ ִٰ ʴ´. [+] vigor, vitality" stanch,"v. check flow of blood ϴ It is imperative that we stanch the gushing wound before we attend to the other injuries. ٸ ó ǰ ó Ű ϴ. [+] check, stem" stanza,"n. division of a poem Do you knew the last stanza of ""The Star-Spangled Banner""? ˰ ִ°?" statute,"n. law We have many statutes in our law books which should be repealed. 츮 Ǿ ִ. [+] decree, ordinance, precept, regulation" statutory,"a. created by statute or legislative action ; The judicial courts review and try statutory crimes. ǼҰ Ǵ ˸ ϰ ɸѴ." stein,"n. beer mug She thought of college as a place where one drank beer from steins and sang songs of lost lambs. ׳ ֳ ø Ҿ 鿡 뷡 θ ߴ." stellar,"a. pertaining to the stars Ÿ ϴ; Ϸ; α, He was the stellar attraction of the entire performance. ״ ü ⿡ ְ α̾. [+] astral, sidereal" stem,"v. check the flow ϴ, The paramedic used a tourniquet to stem the bleeding from the slashed artery. ϻ ⸦ ߴ. [+] stanch" stentorian,"a. extremely loud ūҸ The town crier had a stentorian voice. 繫 Ҹ ſ Ǵ. [+] roaring" stereotyped,"a. fixed and unvarying representation ǿ ; My chef objection to the book is that the characters are stereotyped. å Ⱦϴ ū ι ϱ ̴. [+] commonplace, trite" stertorous,"a. having a snoring sound ڰ He could not sleep because of the stertorous breathing of his roommates. ״ ģ ڸ ٶ . [+] ׷(stereo) ڸ .(stertorous)" stickler,"n. perfectionist; person who insists things be exactly right Ϻ The Internal Revenue Service agent was a stickler for accuracy; no approximations or rough estimates would satisfy him. 븮 Ȯ ־ Ϻڿ. ٻġ δ ׸ Ű Ͽ." stigma,"n. token of disgrace; brand ; I do not attach any stigma to the fact that you were accused of this crime; the fact that you were acquitted clears you completely. ˷ Ǽҵ ִٴ ǿ ݵ Ҹ ϰ ʴ. ˸ ޾Ҵٴ ϰ ϱ ̴. [+] besmirchment, disfigurement, disgrace, dishonor, taint" stilted,"a. bombastic; inflated ; dz His stilted rhetoric did not impress the college audience; they were immune to bombastic utterances. dz ûߵ Ű ߴ. ׵ Ǿ ־. [+] inflated, swollen, fustian; cf. stilt (׸); ׸(stilt) Ÿ鼭 ˳, dz (stilted)" stipple,"v. paint or draw with dots ϴ Seurat carefully stippled dabs of pure color on the canvas, juxtaposing dots of blue and yellow that the viewer's eye would interpret as green. Ǫ 迭ؼ, ʷ νϰ ĵ ε帲 ɽ ߴ. [+] speck" stoke,"v. to feed plentifully Ҹ Դ They swiftly stoked themselves, knowing they would not have another meal until they reached camp. ׵ ķ ޸ Ļ縦 ̶ ˾ұ Ҹ Ծ." stolidity,"n. dullness; impassiveness а, Ű The earthquake shattered his usual stolidity; trembling, he crouched on the no longer stable ground. ߷ȴ. 鸮 ״ ̻ ưư ͵ 鿡 ٽ ũȴ. [+] inertia, insensibility" striated,"a. marked with parallel bands ٹ̰ ִ The glacier left many striated rocks. Ϸ ٹ ִ ." strident,"a. loud and harsh ĥ ū Ҹ She scolded him in a strident voice. ׳ īο ׸ ߴ. [+] raucous" strut,"n. pompous walk / supporting bar ܻ ȱ / , His strut as he marched about the parade ground revealed him for what he was : a pompous buffoon. ; The engineer calculated that the strut supporting the rafter needed to be reinforced. 忡 ౺ ȴ ̾ ش. - dz  ;  ִ ְ Ǿ ʿ䰡 ִٰ ߴ. [+] prop" stultify,"v. cause to appear foolish or inconsistent  ̰ ϴ; By changing your opinion at this time, you will stultify yourself. ̶ ظ ٲν ̴. [+] ٺ(stupid)ó ̰ ϴ stultify" stygian,"a. gloomy; hellish; deathly įį, ħ; , They descended into the stygian, half-lit sub-basement. ׵ ħϰ ο 2 . [+] infernal" suave,"a. smooth; bland ; ε巯 He is particularly good in roles that require suavity and sophistication. ״ ϰ ϴ ҿ Ư ɼߴ. [+] refinement" suavity,"n. urbanity; polish ; He is particularly good in roles that require suavity and sophistication. ״ ԰ ϴ ҿ Ư ϴ." sub rosa,"a. in strict confidence; privately / in strict sonfidence; / , I heard of this sub rosa and I cannot tell you about it. ; I heard of this sub rosa and I cannot tell you about it. ̰ ʿ . ; ̰ ʿ . [+] furtively, stealthily, surreptitiously, furtively, stealthily, surreptitiously" subaltern,"n. subordinate , The captain treated his subalterns as though they were children rather than commissioned officers. ; ϵ 屳μٴ ֵó ٷ." subjective,"a. occurring or taking place within the subject; unreal ְ Your analysis is highly subjective; you have permitted your emotions and your opinions to color your thinking. м ̴ְ. ϱ ص ״ ġߴ." sublimate,"v. refine; purify ȭŰ; ȭϴ, ȭϴ We must strive to sublimate these desires and emotions into worthwhile activities. 츮 ̷ ġ ִ Ȱ ȭŰ ؾ Ѵ. [+] purge" subliminal,"a. below the threshold ǽ We may not be aware of the subliminal influences which affect our thinking. 츮 츮 ġ ǽ 𸣴 . [-] at a perceptible level( ִ)" subsequent,"a. sub(=under) + sequ(=follow) coming after, following in time, place, or order / later ļ, / ļ; / ; The lawyer made the point that her client had been at the scene of the crime before the murder but not subsequent to it. ; In subsequent lessons, we shall take up more difficult problems.; The problem will be discussed at length in subsequent chapters. ȣ ׳ ҼǷ λ ƴ϶ 忡 ־ٴ . ; а ٷ ̴. [+] ensuing, posterior" subservient,"a. sub(=under) + serv(=serve) useful as a means to a purpose ; giving ot much respect to / behaving like a slave; servile; obsequious Ǵ ; ǰŸ, / 뿹ó ൿϴ; ÷ϴ I noticed with diataste how his usually overbearing manner became subservient when our employer joined the group. ; He was proud and dignified; he refused to be subservient to anyone. Ϲ Ÿ µ ڸ ǰŸ µ ٲ . ; ״ ںνɰ ־. ׷ ״ Ե ʾҴ. [+] ignoble, menial, slavish" subsidy,"n. direct financial aid by government, etc. ΰ Without his subsidy, American ship operators would not be able to compete in world markets. ٸ ̱ ڵ 忡 ̴. [+] cf. subside (ɴ, Ǵ)" subsistence,"n. existence; means of support; livelihood ; ȣå; / Ȱ; In these days of inflated prices, my salary provides a mere subsistence. δ ۿ ʴ´. [+] maintenance, sustenance" subtlety,"n. nicety; cunning; guile; delicacy ̹; Ȱ; ; The subtlety of his remarks was unnoticed by most of his audience. ټ ûߵ ߾ Ȱ ν ߴ. [+] finess, nicety; duplicity" succor,"n. aid; assistance; relief ; ; We shall be ever grateful for the succor you country gave us when we were in need. 츮 츮 츮 ̴. [+] 2002 Ŀ , (succor) ʿϴ" succulent,"a. juicy; full of richness ; The citrus foods from Florida are more succulent to some people than those from California. ÷θٻ ַ ĶϾƻ꺸 ٰ Ѵ." sudorific,"a. pertaining to perspiration Manufacturers of deodorants have made the public conscious of the need to avoid offending people with sudorific odors. ڵ ϰ ʵ ʿ伺 ߿ ǽ ؿԴ. [+] ó (sudorific)" sully,"v. tarnish; soil ; ջϴ He felt that it was beneath his dignity to sully his hands in such menial labor. ״ ׷ ü 뵿 ջǴ ̶ ߴ. [+] besmirch, defile, stain, taint, tarnish; cf. sullen (η)" sultry,"a. sweltering; hot, moist weather He could not adjust himself to the sultry climate of the tropics.; Southern Florida is very sultry during the summer month. ״ Ŀ . [+] muggy; (sultry) 길(desultory) ." summation,"n. act of finding the total; summary ; ; In his summation, the lawyer emphasized the testimony given by the two witnesses. п ȣ ߴ." sumptuary,"a. limiting or regulating expenditures , ġ ϴ While no sumptuary law has been enacted, the public will never tolerate the expenditure of so large a sum. ġ ϴ  ʾ ε ׷ ū ׼ ̴." sunder,"v. separate; part иϴ; Northern and southern Ireland are politically and religiously sundered. ϾϷ Ϸ ġ, иǾ ִ. [+] cleave, dichotomize, dismember, sever" sundry,"a. various; several پ; My suspicions were aroused when I read sundry items in the newspapers about your behavior. ൿ Ź ǽ . [+] multifarious, multitudinal, numerous; ޺ (sundry) ִ." superannuated,"a. retired on pension because of age ް The superannuated man was indignant because he felt that he could still perform a good day's work. ڱ ϰ Ǹ س ִٰ ȭ ." superfluity,"n. excess; overabundance ; Please try not to include so many superfluous details in your report; just give me the bare facts. Ʈ ʿ ׵ ׷ . ٸ Ǹ ϶. [+] supernumerary" superimpose,"v. place over something else Your attempt to superimpose another agency in this field will merely increase the bureaucratic nature of our government. о߿ ٸ ̷ õ 츮 Ḹ ϰ ̴. [+] overlay" supernal,"a. heavenly; celestial ϴ; õ His tale of supernal beings was skeptically received. õ ͵鿡 ̾߱ ȸ ޾Ƶ鿩. [+] empyreal, unearthly" supernumerary,"n. person or thing in excess of what is necessary; extra , , ; ؿ ܿ His first appearance on the stage was as a supernumerary in a Shakespearean tragedy. ù ͽǾ ؿ ܿ ⿬ ̾. [+] overabundance, superfluity, surplus" supplant,"v. sup < sub(=under, in place of) + plant(=plant) take the place of ; take the place of someone, especially after getting him out of office / replace; usurp ϴ ; ŵɴ / üϴ I know that love is fickle, but I never expected to be supplnted in her affections by a crumb like Danny Orr. ; Ferdinand Marcos was supplanted by Corazon Aquino as president of the Philippines. Ѵٴ ˰ ׳ Danny Orr Ǵ޿ Ѿ ʾҴ. ; ʸ 丣𳭵 ڽ ڶ Ű üǾ. [+] displace, supersede" supple,"a. flexible; pliant ִ; The angler found a supple limb and used it as a fishing rod. ò ū ãƼ װ ˴ ߴ. [+] flexible, elastic, resilient" suppliant,"a. entreating; beseeching źϴ; ûϴ He could not resist the dog's suppliant whimpering, and he gave it some food. ״ ֿϸ Ÿ Ҹ ٸ ־. [+] supplicatory; cf. supplant üϴ,ϴ" supplicate,"v. sup < sub(=under) + plic(=fold) make a humble petition to someone / petition humbly; pray to grant a favor źϴ,ûϴ,ֿϴ / Ư ޶ Although I ask no special consideratopn for myself, I am not too proud to supplicate in behalf of my children. ; We supplicate Your Majesty to grant him amnesty. ڽ Ư Ÿ ڳ û ŭ ϴ. ; 츮 Ȳ ׸ ûߴ. [+] beg, beseech, implore, import!une, plead; [-] demand(䱸ϴ)" supposition,"n. sup < sub(=under) + pos(=put) supposing ; guess ; hypothesis / surmise ? ; ; You may be right in your belief that Jan won't let us use her car, but remember that this is still only a supposition . ; I based my decision to confide in him on the supposition that he would be discreet. Jan 츮 ׳ ̰ ̶ . ; ׸ ŷϰ ϴ װ ̶ ٰŸ ξ. [+] assumption, conjecture, postulation, presumption, speculation, theory; [-] certainty(Ȯ)" supposititious,"a. assumed; counterfeit; hypothetical Ǵ; ¥; I find no similarity between your supposititious illustration and the problem we are facing. 츮 ϰ ִ ã ϰڴ. [+] conjectural, hypothetical, supposed, suppositious" suppurate,"v. create pus The surgeon refused to lance the abscess until it suppurated. ܰ ǻ Ⱑ װ ߴ. [+] fester" surcease,"n. cessation He begged the doctors to grant him surcease from his suffering. ״ ǻ鿡 ġ ش޶ ûߴ. [+] ceasing, halt, pause" surly,"a. bad-tempered and unfriendly / rude; cross; rude; arrogant η, / ; ù Is there anything more unpleasant than to go to a store and find yourself in the hands of a surly salesperson? ; Because of his surly attitude, many people avoided his company.; His surly manner keeps him from having many friends. Է ϴ ͺ ? ; µ ׿ ʹ ߴ. [+] sullen, dour" surmount,"v. sur(=over) + mount(=hill, rise) overcome difficulties or obstacles ; have on or over the top [,ֹ]غϴ,ѱ ; ... , The fact that Abraham Lincoln was able to surmount the handicap of limited education dose not mean that you should quit school. ; He had to surmount many obstacles in order to succeed. Abraham Lincoln غߴٴ װ б ׸ ξѴٴ ʴ´. ; ״ ϱ ָ غϿ. [+] conquer, surpass" surpass,"v. evceed ɰϴ, Ѵ / ɰ(ʿ)ϴ Her SAT scores surpassed our expectations. ׳ з° 츮 ġ ɰߴ. [+] transcend" surveillance,"n. sur(=over) + vei(=look) close watch kept on person suspected of wrong doing, etc. ; supervision / watching; guarding [ڵ] ; / Ŵ; Only someone utterly naive about international affairs would shoked to learn that every nation tries to keep its potential enemies under constant surveillance . ; The FBI kept the house under constant surveillance in the hope of capturing all the criminals at one time. ؼ ִ Ͽ дٴ ˰ ̴. ; 籹 ڵ Ѳ ϸŸϱ ؼ ߴ. [+] vigilance" sustenance,"n. means of support, food, nourishment ھ繰; ; 繰 In the tropics, the naives find sustenance easy to obtain, due to all the fruit trees. ֹε ־ ϱ . [+] aliment, nutrient; maintenance, subsistence" suture,"n. stitches sewn to hold the cut edges of a wound or incision ó?; տ We will remove the sutures as soon as the wound heals. ó?ġǸ ٷ ս ̴. [+] cf. tonsure " swarthy,"a. dark; dusky ,  Despite the stereotypes, not all Italians are swarthy; many are fair and blond. κ ׷, Żε ƴϴ. ." swathe,"v. wrap around; bandage δ; When I visited him in the hospital, I found him swathed in bandages. Կ ׸ 湮 ״ ش ־. [+] enwrap, wrap" swelter,"v. be oppressed by heat Դ I am going to buy an air conditioning unit for my apartment as I do not intend to swelter through another hot and humid summer. Ǵٽ ġ ʾƼ Ʈ 缭 ޷ Ѵ. [+] sweat" swerve,"v. deviate; turn aside sharply; to turn aside; to veer , The car swerved wildly as the driver struggled to regain control of the wheel.; The driver had to swerve his car in order to avoid hitting a little boy on a bicycle. ڰ  ã ϰ . [+] digress, stray" swindler,"n. cheat , She was gullible and trusting, as easy victim for the first swindler who came along. ׳ Ӱ Ͼ. ׷ Ÿ ù ° ս ڰ ǰ Ҵ. [+] defrauder, trickster" sybarite,"n. lover of luxury , Rich people are not always sybarites; some of them have little taste for a life of luxury. ׻ 縲 ƴϴ. ׵ Ϻδ ġ Ȱ ̰ . [+] hedonist" sycophantic,"a. servilely flattering ˶; ÷ϴ The king enjoyed the servile compliments and attentions of the sycophants in his retinue. ߿ ִ ÷۵ ÷ 縦 . [+] cf. sycophant (÷); ڵ ȯ ÷Ѵ.... (sycophantic)" syllogism,"n. log(=speech) a formal argument with a major and minor premise and a conclusion / logical formula utilizing a major premise, a minor premise and a conc ܳ? ""All Romans are Italians, all Italians are Europeans; therefore, all Romans are Europeans"" is an example of a syllogism . ; There must be a fallacy in this syllogism; I cannot accept the conclusion. "" θ Ż̰ Ż ̴. ׷ θ ̴."" ܳ ̴. ; ܳ Ʋ. ޾Ƶ ." sylvan,"a. pertaining to the woods; rustic ; ð His paintings of nymphs in sylvan backgrounds were criticized as overly sentimental. ؼ ׷ ̼ҳ ׸ ġ ̶ ޾Ҵ. [+] woody; bucolic, pastoral" symbiosis,"n. bio(=life) harmonic association of different organisms, etc. / intrdependent relationship, often mutually beneficial The trade agreement was based on the symbiosis of the two nations and furthered it. ; Both the crocodile bird and the crocodile derive benefit from their symbiosis; pecking away at food particles embedded in the crocodile's teeth, the bird derives nourishment: the crocodile, meanwhile, derives proper dental hygiene. 籹 ٰŸ ξ װ ״. ; Ǿ Ǿ ´. Ǿ ̻ ⸦ ɾ 鼭 Ǿ ׵ Ǿ Ư ġ ´." symmetry,"n. metr(=measure) a balanced arrangement in size and form / arrangement of parts so that balance is obtained; congruity , ȭ, Ī / κе 迭; ¿Ī The architect admired the symmetry of the columns. ; The addition of a second tower will give this edifice the symmetry which it now lacks. డ ¿Ī Īߴ. ; 2 ž Ǹ ǹ ῩǾ ִ ̴." synchronous,"a. similarly timed; simultaneous with ÿ Ͼ We have many examples of scientists in different parts of the world who have made synchronous discoveries. ٸ ߰ ڵ . [+] concurrent, contemporary; [-] occurring at different times(ٸ ð Ͼ); [-] out-of-shape( )" synoptic,"a. providing a general overview; summary The professor turned to the latest issue of ""Dissertation Abstracts"" for a synoptic account of what was new in the field. о߿ ο ' ' Ѿ." tactile,"a. pertaining to the organs or sense of touch ˰ His calloused hands had lost their tactile sensitivity. յ ˰ ߴ." tainted,"a. contaminated; corrupt ; Ÿ Health authorities are always trying to prevent the sale and use of tainted food. 籹 Ǹſ ̿ ־ ִ. [-] wholesome(, )" talisman,"n. charm ȣź She wore the talisman to ward off evil. ׳ ѱ Ͽ ȣźθ ." talon,"n. claw of bird ? The falconer wore a leather gauntlet to avoid being clawed by the hawk's talons. Ÿ θ 鿡 尩 ." tantalize,"v. tantal(= Tantalus) keep just out of reach something that somebody desires ; raise hopes that cannot be realized / tease; torture with disappointment ϴ ; ٶ ϴ / Ÿ; Ǹ How can you be so cruel as to tantalize the poor dog by offering him tidbits that you will never let him have? ; Tom loved to tantalize his younger brother. Ե ̸ ༭ ȴ ϰ ŭ ׷ ־? ; Ž  ŷ⸦ ߴ." tantrum,"n. fit of petulance; caprice ߲ ȭ, ; The child learned that he could have almost anything if he went into tantrums. ̴ ڱⰡ  ͵ ˾Ҵ. [+] outburst, paroxysm; go [fly, get] into one's tantrums Ҳ ȭ " taper,"n. candle He lit the taper on the windowsill. ״ âο ʸ ξ." tarantula,"n. venomous spider Ź(Ż Taranto Ź) We need an antitoxin to counteract the bite of the tarantula. 츮 Ź̿ ȭϱ ׵Ұ ʿϴ." tarn,"n. small mountain lake ȣ This mountainous area is famous for its picturesque tarns and larger lakes. Ƹٿ ȣ ū ȣ ϴ." tarry,"v. delay; dawdle θ We can't tarry if we want to get to the airport on time. ׿ Ϸ θ . [+] dally, drag, loiter, procrastinate" tatterdemalion,"n. ragged fellow ⸦ Do you expect an army of tatterdemalions and beggars to put up a real fight? ⸦ ¥ ο ̶ ϴ°? [+] ragamuffin" taurine,"a. like a bull Ȳ, Ȳ The bull charged into the ring, a mighty specimen of taurine power. ȲҴ Ȳ Ŵ ǥ ߴ." taut,"a. tight; ready , ; (谡)غ , The captain maintained that he ran a taut ship. 踦 Ҵٰ ߴ. [+] tense" tautology,"n. unnecessary repetition; pleonasm ʿ ݺ, ݺ; ߺ ""Joyful happiness"" is an illustration of tautology. "" ູ"" Ǿ ݺ . [+] redundancy, verbiage" tawdry,"a. cheap and gaudy ΰ ȭ; , , õ He won a few tawdry trinkets in Coney Island. ״ ڴ ű . [+] meretricious" taxonomist,"n. specialist in classifying (animals, etc.) з Dental patterns often enable the taxonomist to distinguish members of one rodent species from those of another. ġ зڿ ġ ٸ ġ ְ ش." teleology,"n. doctrine of final causes The questions propounded by teleology have long been debated in religious and scientific circles. п ü鿡 ." temerarious,"a. rash , Mountain climbing at this time of year is temerarious and foolhardy. 1 ̸ ϴ ϰ  ̴. [+] adventurous, audacious, foolhardy, reckless, venturous" temper,"v. restrain; blend; toughen ϴ, ȭϴ; ܷýŰ / His hard times in the army only served to temper his strength. 뿡 ñ ܷý۵ Ǿ. [+] moderate, modulate; anneal, harden" tempo,"n. speed of music / ӵ; I find the conductor's tempo too slow for such a brilliant piece of music. ׷ پ ǰ ʹ ٰ Ѵ. [+] pace" tenacity,"n. firmness; persistency; adhesiveness Ȯ; ; , It is extremely difficult to overcome the tenacity of a habit such as smoking ġ ƴ. [+] obstinacy, pertinacity" tendentious,"a. having an aim; designed to further a cause <,߾ > Ư ȣϴ ִ, The editorials in this periodical are tendentious rather than truth-seeking. ๰ 缳 ߱ ٸ ǵ ִ. [+] jaundiced, partial, prejudiced, prepossessed; [-] unbiased()" tenebrous,"a. dark; gloomy ο; We were frightened as we entered the tenebrous passageways of the cave. 츮 ο ο  . [+] dim, dusky, murky, obscure; cf. nebulous (Ȱ , 帴)" tensile,"a. capable of being stretched ƴ ִ Mountain climbers must know the tensile strength of their ropes. 갡 ڱ ϴ ˰ ־ Ѵ. [+] stretchable" tenure,"n. ten(=hold) holding political office / holding of an office; time during which such an office is held <б > , < > / Ⱓ; ӱ, The tenure of office of the president of our club is one year. ; He has permanent tenure in this position and cannot be fired. 츮 Ŭ ȸ ӱ 1̴. ; ״ å ϰ ذ ʴ´. [+] occupation" tergiversation,"n. evasion; fickleness ΰ; I cannot understand your tergiversation; I was certain that you were devoted to our cause. . 츮  ߴٰ Ȯߴ. [+] subterfuge" termagant,"n. shrew; scolding, brawling woman ܼҸ , ; ""The Taming of the Shrew"" is one of many stories of the methods used in changing a termagant into a demure lady. "" ̱"" 糪 ڸ ڷ ȭ۵ ִ Ҽ ϳ. [+] virago; (term) ڴϱ termagant" terminate,"v. termin(=end) + ate(=make) bring to an end ; come to an end / to bring to an end , Ű ; / ϴ Either party has the right to terminate the agreement whenever the partnership proves unprofitable. ; When his contract was terminated unexpectedly, he desperately needed a new job.; This is a dead-end road; it terminates at the end of the next block. Ҹϴٴ ǸǸ Ǹ Ǹ ִ. ; ʰ Ǿ ״ ο ʿߴ. [+] complete" terminology,"n. terms used in a science or art ̳ Ǵ The special terminology developed by some authorities in the field has done more to confuse the layman than to enlighten him. о 鿡 Ư ǹ̸ иϰ ֱ⺸ ׵ ȥ״." terminus,"n. last stop of railroad ö After we reached the railroad terminus, we continued our journey into the wilderness on saddle horses. 츮 ö Ŀ Ÿ ߷ ߴ." terrapin,"n. American marsh tortoise ̱ ˿ ź The flesh of the diamondback terrapin is considered by many epicures to be a delicacy. ̰ ִ Ϲ̻ Ŀ ź ̽İ ̷ ֵȴ." terrestrial,"a. on the earth / We have been able to explore the terrestrial regions much more thoroughly than the aquatic or celestial regions. 츮 ̳ õ 麸 ξ ö Ž ־. [+] earthy" tertiary,"a. third 3; ° He is so thorough that he analyzes tertiary causes where other writers are content with primary and secondary reasons. ״ ʹ öϿ ٸ ڵ ù° ° ϴ ° ε мѴ." tessellated,"a. inlaid; mosaic ̸ ھ ; ũ I recall seeing a table with a tessellated top of bits of stone and glass in a very interesting pattern. ſ ִ ũ ǥ Źڸ ִ. [+] cf. serrated ( )" testator,"n. test(=witness) man who has made a testament / maker of a will The testator left many charitable bequests. ; The attorney called in his secretary and his partner to witness the signature of the testator. ڴ ڼ . ; ȣ ڰ ϴ 񼭿 Ḧ ҷ." testy,"a. irritable; short-tempered ߳; My advice is to avoid discussing this problem with him today as he is rather testy and may shout at you. װ ſ Ҹĥ 𸣱 ׿ dz ̴. [+] irascible, petulant, touchy" tether,"v. tie with a rope ٷ Before we went to sleep, we tethered the horses to prevents their wandering off during the night. 츮 ڸ ڴ ٴ ϵ ξ. [+] bridle, pinion" thaumaturgist,"n. miracle worker; magician ϴ ; I would have to be a thaumaturgist and not a mere doctor to find a remedy for this disease. ġ ߰ϴ ܼ ǻ簡 Ǿ ȵǰ ϴ ǻ簡 Ǿ 𸥴. [+] wizard; cf. dermatologist (Ǻΰ ǻ)" thematic,"a. relating to a unifying motif or idea Those who think of ""Moby Dick"" as a simple adventure story about whaling miss its underlying thematic import!. """" ̿ ܼ ̾߱ ϴ װ ٺ ǹ̸ ̴." theocracy,"n. government of a community by religious leaders űü, Some Pilgrims favored the establishment of a theocracy in New England. û ױ۷忡 űġ Ȯϴµ ߴ." theosophy,"n. wisdom in divine things , Theosophy seeks to embrace the essential truth in all religions. 鿡 ϰ ִ." therapeutic,"a. curative ġ, ġ These springs are famous for their therapeutic and healing qualities. ġ ȿ ϴ." thermal,"a. pertaining to heat The natives discovered that the hot springs gave excellent thermal baths and began to develop their community as a health resort. ֹε õ ¼ ϴµ ſ ٴ ˾Ƽ ޾ ϱ ߴ. [+] calorific" thrall,"n. slave; bondage 뿹; The captured soldier was held in thrall by the conquering army. ΰ Ǿ. [+] enslavement" threnody,"n. song of lamentation; dirge ; ۰ When he died, many poets wrote threnodies about his passing. װ ׾ ε ֵϴ 񰡸 . [+] elegy, requiem" thrifty,"a. careful about money; economical; frugal ϴ, ˼ A thrifty shopper compares prices before making major purchases.; Mr. Thompson is so thrifty that he is able to save more than half of his weekly salary. ˼ ڴ ֿ ǰ ϱ Ѵ. [+] frugal" throes,"n. violent anguish The throes of despair can be as devastating as the spasms accompanying physical pain. ü ϴ øŭ̳ ִ. [+] ache" throng,"n. crowd; a crowd , Throngs of shoppers jammed the aisles.; A throng of well-wishers gathered at the airport see him off. İ θ ޿. [+] flock, multitude" thyme,"n. aromatic plant used for seasoning ̷Ḧ Ǵ ο Ĺ, 鸮, The addition of a little thyme will enhance the flavor of the clam chowder. 鸮 ̴." timbre,"n. quality of a musical tone produced by a musical instrument DZ⿡ ؼ We identify the instrument producing a musical sound by its timbre. 츮 Ҹ DZ⸦ Ѵ. [+] tone" timidity,"n. lack of self-confidence or courage ; ҽ If you are to succeed as a salesman, you must first lose your timidity and fear of failure. ǿμ Ϸ η ҽ Ѵ. [+] a. timid (̸, ҽ)" tipple,"v. drink alcoholic beverages frequently ô He found that his most enjoyable evenings occurred when he tippled with his friends at the local pub. ״ ģ ð ſ ð̾ٴ ˾Ҵ. [+] ø(tipple) (tip) Ѵ." titanic,"a. gigantic Ŵ Titanic waves beat against the shore during the hurricane. dz Ŵ ĵ ؾ ģ. [+] colossal, enormous, gargantuan, huge, tremendous, prodigious" tithe,"n. tax of one-tenth Because he was an agnostic, he refused to pay his tithes to the clergy. ״ Ұڿ 10 1 ʾҴ." titter,"n. mervous langh Her aunt's constant titter nearly drove her mad. ؼ ׳ űűŸ ׳ ĥ ̾." toady,"v. flatter for favors Ư ƺϴ, ()÷ I hope you see through those who are toadying you for special favors. Ư ޱ Ͽ ſ ƺϴ ϱ⸦ ٶ." tocsin,"n. alarm bell Awakened by the sound of the tocsin, we rushed to our positions to await the attack. 溸 Ҹ 츮 غϱ ġ 绡 . [+] alarm, alert! (tocsin) (tocsin) ־ Ѵ." toga,"n. Roman outer robe θù Դ ѿ; Marc Antony pointed to the slashes in Caesar's toga. ũ ϴ ѿ ӿ ߾ ó ״." tome,"n. large volume ū å He spent much time in the libraries poring over ancient tomes. ״ ū 鿡 ϸ鼭 鿡 ð ´." tonsure,"n. shaving of the head, especially by person entering religious orders ¹  ϴ His tonsure, even more than his monastic garb, indicated that he was a member of the religious order. 庸ٴ ü װ ȸ Ÿ." topography,"n. physical features of a region , Before the generals gave the order to attack, they ordered a complete study of the topography of the region. 屺 캸 ߴ. [+] terrain" torpid,"a. dormant; dull; lethargic ; ; The torpid bear had just come out of his cave after his long hibernation. ܿ ڰ Դ. [+] n. torpor (= coma, languor, lassitude, stolidity, stupor, torpidity)" torque,"n. twisiting force; force producing rotation ȸ Ʈ With her wrench she applied sufficient torque to the nut to loosen it. ġ ׳ Ʈ Ǯ ŭ Ʋ ־." torso,"n. trunk of statue with head and limbs missing; human trunk Ӹ ü ; 丣 This torso, found in the ruins of Pompeii, is now on exhibition in the museum in Naples. 㿡 ߰ߵ κ ڹ õǾ ִ. [+] trunk" tortilla,"n. flat cake made of cornmeal, etc. ձ۳ϰ As we traveled through Mexico, we became more and more accustomed to the use of tortillas instead of bread. ߽ڸ η 츮 ٴ ƿ Դµ ͼϰ Ǿ." touchy,"a. sensitive; irascible; sensitive; irritable ΰ; ߳, Ű Do not discuss this phase of the problem as he is very touchy about it.; That is a very touchy subject and I prefer not to discuss it. ״ ΰϹǷ ̷ 鿡 ؼ . [+] irritable, petulant, testy" tract,"n. pamphlet; a region of indefinite size å; The King granted William Penn a tract of land in the New World. 濡 Ŵ ϻߴ. [+] brochure; Ʈʹ (tract) ƴٴϴ !" tractable,"a. docile You will find the children in this school very tractable and willing to learn. б ̵ ſ ¼ؼ Ⲩ нϰ Ѵٴ ˰ ̴. [+] amenable, obedient; [-] headstrong(ϰ)" traduce,"v. tra < trans(=over, across) + duc(=lead) say untrue or malicious things about ; slander / expose to slander ߻ϴ ; ϴ / It is one thing to oppose him vigorously in the election; it is quite another to traduce his character and his record. ; His opponents tried to traduce the candidate's reputation by spreading rumors about his past. ſ ׸ ϰ ݴϴ Ͱ ΰ̳ ϴ . ; ĺ ſ  ۶߷ ߸ ߴ. [+] asperse, calumniate, defame, denigrate, libel, malign" trajectory,"n. path taken by a projectile ü ׸ ź The police tried to locate the spot from which the assassin had fired the fatal shot by tracing the trajectory of the bullet. Ѿ ź Ͽ ϻ ġ ġ ã ߴ." tranquillity,"n. calmness; peace ; ȭ After the commotion and excitement of the city, I appreciate the tranquillity of these fields and forests. ҵ . [+] composure, placidity, serenity; [-] pandemonium(ȥ)" transcribe,"v. tran < trans(=across) + scrib(=write) copy something by writing or typewriting ; make a recording of something for broadcasting ; arrange music for an instrument, voice, etc. ; []ϴ, ȭ[]ϴ ; ϴ / When you transcribe your notes, please send a copy to Mr.Smith and keep the original for our flies. ; When you transcribe your notes, please send a copy to Mr. Smith and keep the original for our files. Ʈ 纻 ϳ Smith 츮 öϵ Ͻÿ. ; Ʈ ̽Դ 纻 ð 츮 ö ֽø ڽϴ. [+] duplicate" transgression,"n. violation of a law; sin ; Forgive us our transgressions; we know not what we do. 츮 ˸ 뼭ϼҼ 츮 츮 ߴ ϳ̴. [+] contravention, infraction, infringement, trespass" transition,"n. trans(=over) + it(=go) a passing from one condition, period, form, stage, activity, place, etc. to another / going from one state of action to another [],ȭ,õ, / The years of adolescence mark the transition from childhood to adulthood. ; During the period of transition from oil heat to gas heat, the furnace will have to be shut off. ̿  Ѿ ȴ. ; 濡 ȯ⿡ θ  Ѵ. [+] alteration, conversion, transformation" transitoriness,"n. impermanence , Ͻ, Conscious that all things pass, the psalmist relates the transitoriness of happiness and fame. ͵ ٴ ƴ () ڴ ູ ϰ ִ. [+] evanescence" translucent,"a. partly transparent , , ִ We could not recognize the people in the next room because of the translucent curtains which separated us. 츮 Ŀư 濡 ִ ˾ . [+] diaphanous, limpid, pellucid, translucid" transmute,"v. trans(=intensive) + mut(=change) change the shape, nature or substance of / convert to something different [,,]ȭŰ The task of education, said the speaker, is to transmute the primitive selfishness of the child into socially useful modes of behavior. ; He was unable to transmute his dreams into actualities. ӹ  ̱ ȸ ൿ ٲٴ ̶ 簡 ߴ.. ; ״ ޵ ȭų . [+] convert, transform" transparent,"a. trans(=through, across) + par(=appear) allowing light to pass through ; about which there can be no mistake or doubt / permitting light to pass through freely; easily detected ,ġ ; , / Ron's excuse for missing basketball practice was so transparent that the coach refused to accept it. ; Your scheme is so transparent that it will fool on one. Ron ִ и߱ ڿġ װ ޾Ƶ̱⸦ źߴ. ; å ʹ ؼ ƹ ̴. [+] diaphanous, limpid, pellucid, translucid; lucent, lucid, pellucid, translucent, distinct, unambiguous, unequivocal; [-] opaque()" transpire,"v. tran < trans(=through) + spir(=breathe) give off moisture or pass off vapor ; become public or come to be known / exhale; become known; happen [,Ĺ а ⸦]߻ϴ,ϴ ; [,],˷ / մ; Ǵ; Ͼ In spite of all our efforts to keep the meeting secret, news of our conclusions transpired . ; In spite of all our efforts to keep the meeting a secret, news of our conclusions transpired. з Ϸ 츮 ¿ ұϰ 츮 ҽ ˷ . ; ȸǸ з Ϸ ¿ ұϰ 츮 е鿡 ҽ Ǿ. [+] leak; occur" trappings,"n. outward decorations; ornaments He loved the trappings of success: the limousines, the stock options, the company jet. ״ ܾ - ¿, ֽ ñ, ȸ Ʈ - ߴ." traumatic,"a. pertaining to an injury caused by violence ܻ; â In his nightmares, he kept on recalling the traumatic experience of being wounded in battle. Ǹ ӿ ״ ÿ Ծ ܻ ؼ ø Ǿ. [+] cf. trauma (ܻ)" travail,"n. painful labor , How long do you think a man can endure such travail and degradation without rebelling? 󸶳 ݹ õ ߵ ִٰ ϴ°? [+] drudgery" traverse,"v. go through or across; to move along dzʴ When you traverse this field, be careful of the bull.; The wagon trains had to traverse Indian territory in order to reach California. Ȳҿ ض. [+] transverse" treacle,"n. syrup obtained in refining sugar Treacle is more highly refined than molasses. ""treacle"" ""molasses"" õ ̴." treatise,"n. article treating a subject systematically and thoroughly He is preparing a treatise on the Elizabethan playwright for his graduate degree. ״ ؼ ں ô ۰鿡 غϰ ִ. [+] disquisition, dissertation, thesis" trek,"v. travel; migrate ϴ; ϴ The tribe made their trek further north that summer in search of game. ɰ ã . [+] peregrinate" tremor,"n. trem(=to shake) shaking or trembling ; thrill / slight quiver , 鸲, ; , / A slight tremor preceded the earthquake. ; She had a nervous tremor in her right hand. ռ ־. ; ׳ տ Ű漺 ־. [+] shivering, vibration" tremulous,"a. trembling; wavering ; 䵿ϴ She was tremulous more from excitement than from fear. ׳ ⺸ ȴ. [+] quivering, tremorous, vibrating" trencherman,"n. good eater İ He is not finicky about his food; he is a trencherman. ״ Ŀ ٷ ʴ. ״ İ. [+] glutton" tribulation,"n. distress; suffering ; After all the trials and tribulations we have gone through, we need this rest. ÷ð Ŀ ̷ ޽ ʿϴ. [+] ordeal; (tribunal) (tribulation) ޴." tribunal,"n. place of judgment / court of justice , Ǽ / The prisoner appeared before the tribunal for sentencing. ; The decision of the tribunal was final and the prisoner was sentenced to death. ˼ ޱ Ÿ. ; ǰ μ ˼ ޾Ҵ. [+] court, lawcourt" tribute,"n. tax levied by a ruler; mark of respect ; ǥ / Ī; The colonists refused to pay tribute to a foreign despot. Ĺ ֹε ܱ ֿ ġ⸦ źߴ. [-] denunciation(ź, )" trident,"n. three-pronged spear ? ۻ Neptune is usually depicted as rising from the sea, carrying his trident on his shoulder. ٴ ƪ â Ű ٴٿ ȴ." trilogy,"n. log(=speech) group of three novels, plays, operas, etc. to be performed etc. in succession, each complete in itself but having a common subject / group of three works 3, 3α, 3ΰ The novelist's chief work was an epic trilogy . ; Romain Rolland's novel ""Jean Christophe"" was first published as a trilogy. Ҽ ǥ ÿ. ; θ η Ҽ "" ũ"" ó 3 ǵǾ." triolet,"n. eight-line stanza 2 8 The triolet is a difficult verse pattern because it utilizes only two rhymes in its eight lines. Ʈ÷ 8ÿ 2  ϹǷ ´." trite,"a. hackneyed; commonplace ; The trite and predictable situations in many television programs alienate many viewers. ڷ α׷ غ Ȳ ûڵ TV ־. [+] banal, stereotyped" troglodyte,"n. cave dweller ; Ȱ We know that the first men in this area were troglodytes by the artifacts we have discovered in the caves. ߰ߵ ΰ Ҵ ε̾ٴ ִ. [+] (trogl) Ȱϴ (troglodyte)" trope,"n. figure of speech , The poem abounds in tropes and alliterative expression!s. ô  ο ǥ dzϴ." troth,"n. pledge of good faith especially in betrothal ȥ; He gave her his troth and vowed he would cherish her always. ״ ׳࿡ ͼϸ鼭 ׻ ׳ฦ ߴ. [+] betrothal" truckle,"v. curry favor; act in an obsequious way ϴ; ǰŸ If you truckle to the lord, you will be regarded as a sycophant; if you do not, you will be considered arrogant. ο ǰŸ ÷ ̰ ׷ ̴. [+] fawn, toady; (truckle) Ʈ Ѵ" truculence,"n. aggressiveness; ferocity ߸, Tynan's reviews were noted for their caustic attacks and general tone of truculence. Ÿ̳ е Ŷ ݰ ϴ. [+] barbarity, brutality, cruelty, savagery" truculent,"a. aggressive; savage , ; ߸ Tynan's reviews were noted for their caustic attacks and general tone of truculence. Ÿ̳ е Ŷ ݰ ߴ. [+] Ʈ ϴ κ ϰ ߸ϱ? (truculent); [-] gentle(ȭ)" truism,"n. self-evident truth , ڸ ġ Many a truism is well expressed in a proverb. ڸ ġ Ӵ㿡 Ÿ ִ. [+] axiom, veracity, verity" trumpery,"n. objects that are showy, valueless, deceptive Ѹ All this finery is mere trumpery. ǰ α." truncate,"v. cut the top off ڸ The top of a cone which has been truncated in a plane parallel to its base is a circle. ظ鿡 ߸ κ ̴. [+] abbreviate, abridge, curtail" tumbrel,"n. a farm tipcart ; ȣ The tumbrels became the vehicles which transported the condemned people from the prisons to the guillotine. ȣ ˼ ҿ ܵδ Ǿ." tumid,"a. swollen; pompous; bombastic ; üϴ; dz ġ I especially dislike his tumid style; I prefer writing which is less swollen and bombastic. Ư ü ȾѴ. ǰ dz  Ѵ. [+] inflated, turgid; grandiloquent, magniloquent, rhetorical; humid ϸ tumid ȴ." tundra,"n. rolling, treeless plain in Siberia and arctic North America ; Despite the cold, many geologists are trying to discover valuable mineral deposits in the tundra. ұϰ ڵ ߰Ϸ ̴." turbulence,"n. state of violent agitation , Ҷ, ҵ, ҿ; We were frightened by the turbulence of the ocean during the storm. dz ĥ 糪 . [+] agitation, commotion, tumult, turmoil; [-] tranquility(, ȭ)" tureen,"n. deep table dish for holding soup ǫ The waiters brought the soup to the tales in silver tureens. ͵ ׸ ̺ Դ." turgid,"a. swollen; distended Ҿ; â The turgid river threatened to overflow the levees and flood the countryside. Ҿ Ѿ ð 濡 ȫ ־. [+] inflated, tumid" turnkey,"n. jailer By bribing the turnkey, the prisoner arranged to have better food brought to him in his cell. ־ ˼ ڱ 濡 ߴ." tutelage,"n. guardianship; training İ; , ȣ Under the tutelage of such masters of the instrument, she made rapid progress as a virtuoso. DZ 밡 ޾ ׳ μ ޼ ̷. [+] aegis, protection, safeguard" tutelary,"a. protective; pertaining to a guardianship ȣϴ,ȣ; İ I am acting in my tutelary capacity when I refuse to grant you permission to leave the campus. ſ ķ۽ ʴ İڷμ ϴ ̴. [+] protecting" tycoon,"n. wealthy leader ŵ, Ź John D. Rockefeller was a prominent tycoon. 緯 Ź Ǿ Ź̾. [+] magnate" tyranny,"n. oppression; cruel government , ; ġ Frederick Douglass fought against the tyranny of slavery throughout his entire life. ۷ 뿹 ¼ ο. [+] autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, totalitarianism" tyro,"n. beginner; novice; a beginner ʺ; ʽ For a mere tyro, you have produced some marvelous results.; He is a tyro in art,but he shows great promise. ܼ ʺ ġ Ҵ [+] apprentice(), neophyte; [-] expert()" ukase,"n. official decree, usually Russian ; þ Ģ It was easy to flout the ukases issued from St. Petersburg; there was no one to enforce them. װ Ģɵ ſ . װ͵ ϴ ƹ . [+] edict" ulterior,"a. beyond what is first seen or said ; situated beyond / unstated <ǥ鿡> Ÿ ʴ, ; / (ǥ鿡) Ÿ ʴ His ulterior motive was not clear even to himself. ; You must have an ulterior motive for your behavior, since there is no obvious reason for it. ڽſԵ и ʾҴ. ; ൿ Ⱑ Ʋ. ֳϸ װͿ и ̴." ultimate,"a. ultim(=last) + ate(=having the quality of) last, furthest, basic / final; not susceptible to further analysis , ñ, ٺ / ⺻; ̻ м ʴ The ultimate goal of the United Nations is to achieve a lasting peace among all nations. ; Scientists are searching for the ultimate truths.; Her ultimate goal is to receive her degree and return to her country to work. ñ ǥ ̿ ȭ ̷ϴ ̴. ; ڵ ñ ã ִ. [+] eventual, hindmost, terminal" ultimatum,"n. last demand; warning ; ø Since they have ignored our ultimatum, our only recourse is to declare war. ׵ 츮 ø ߱ 츮 ִ ̾." umbrage,"n. resentment; anger; sense of injury or insult а; ȭ; ó; 尨 She took umbrage at his remarks and stormed away in a huff. ׳ ȭ ߲Ͽ ȴ. [+] exasperation, irritation, pique, rage, wrath; ()θ ȭ(umbrage) !" unanimity,"n. anim(=mind) complete agreement or unity ġ She was pleased by the unanimity of their agreement. ; We were surprised by the unanimity with which our proposals were accepted by the different groups. ׳ ׵ ǰ ġ ⻼. ; 츮 츮 ٸ ü鿡 ġ ޾Ƶ鿩 Ϳ ." unassuaged,"a. unsatisfied; not soothed Ҹ; ʴ Her anger is unassuaged by your apology. ׳ г ʴ´. [+] unalleviated" unassuming,"a. sum(=take) not pushing oneself forward ; not drawing attention to oneself ; modest տ ʴ ; ü ʴ ; Garish clothes seemed to contradict his unassuming manner. ; He is so unassuming that some people fail to realize how great a man he really is. Garish µ ġǴ Ҵ. ; ״ ʹ ؼ װ 󸶳 Ѵ. [+] meek" unbridled,"a. violent She had a sudden fit of unbridled rage. ׳ ۽ г븦 Ͷ߷ȴ. [+] unrestrained; cf. bridle ( 簥, )" uncouth,"a. rough, awkward, not cultured / outlandish; clumsy; boorish; rude in one's behavior <, ൿ> , , ģ, / ; ; Ƽ The handsome young man was surprisingly uncouth at dinner. ; Most biographers portray Lincoln as an uncouth and ungainly young man.; His uncouth manners made everyone at the table uncomfortable. û Ҷߴ. ; κ ۰ ǰ û糪 ̷ Ѵ. [+] bizarre, eccentric, odd; coarse, crude, unrefined; discourteous, impertinent, impolite" unction,"n. the act of anointing with oil , The anointing with oil of a person near death is called extreme unction. ⸧ ٸ Ѵ." undulate,"v. move with a wavelike motion ġ The flag undulated in the breeze. dz ĵó ȴ. [+] fluctuate, surge, wave" unearth,"v. dig up ij When they unearthed the city, the archeologists found many relics of an ancient civilization. ø ߱ ڵ ״ ߰ߴ. [+] exhume; [-] conceal()" unearthly,"a. supernatural ; mysterious, ghostly, frightening ; unreasonable / not earthly; weird ڿ ; źο, , ù ; ͹ / ; An unearthly creature descended from the strange spaceship. ; There is an unearthly atmosphere in her work which amazes the casual observer. ƴ ΰ ּ Դ. ; ׳ Ͽ װ 캻 ϴ Ⱑ ִ. [+] celestial, empyreal, heavenly; supernatural, uncanny" unequivocal,"a. equ(=same,voc(=call,voice) clear, having one only possible meaning / plain; obvious , ȣ / ѷ; She won his unequivocal support. ; My answer to your proposal is an unequivocal and absolute ""No."" ׳ и . ; ȿ ϰ ȣϴ. ""ƴϿ."". [+] distinct, evident, manifest, patent" unerringly,"e. plain; obvious Ʋ, My teacher unerringly pounced on the one typographical error in my essay. ̿ ϳ Ʋ ̴. [+] certainly" unfaltering,"a. steadfast ; ȣ She approached the guillotine with unfaltering steps. ׳ 鸲 ܵδ뿡 . [+] cf. faltering (ƲŸ)" unfeigned,"a. genuine; real ¥, ; ٹҾ She turned so pale that I am sure her surprise was unfeigned. ׳ ʹ â ׳ ¥ ȮѴ. [+] -ü ʴ(un-feigned)" unfledged,"a. immature , ̼ It is hard for unfledged writer to find a sympathetic publisher. ̼ ۰ Ǿڸ ã ƴ. [+] callow, juvenile" ungainly,"a. clumsy, awkward, ungraceful , , ǰ / The ungainly youth failed to make the team. ; He is an ungainly young man; he trips over everything. ǰ û ߴ. ; ״ ̴. ״ Ϳ Ǽ Ѵ. [+] clumsy; ϰ ؼ(ungainly) Ѵ.; cf. gainly (, )" unguent,"n. ointment Apply this unguent to the sore muscles before retiring. ڸ ߶." uniformity,"n. sameness; consistency; monotony , ȹ, After a while, the uniformity of TV situation comedies becomes boring. TV ڹ̵ ߴ. [+] difference" unimpeachable,"a. blameless and exemplary ҳ ; Her conduct in office was unimpeachable and her record is spotless. ׳ Ȱ ϵ ߴ. [+] faultless, irreproachable; [-] open to question(ǽɽ)" uninhibited,"a. unrepressed , е The congregation was shocked by her uninhibited laughter during the sermon. ȸ ߿ ׳ ߴ. [+] unrestrained" unique,"a. having no like or equal, being the only one of its sort / without an equal; single in kind , Ư / ϳ ۿ The curator tried to buy her unique collection of modern german art. ; You have the unique distinction of being the first student who I have had to fail in this course. ڹ ׳డ ִ Ư ̼ǰ ߴ. ; ʴ Ե 񿡼 Ų ù° л̴. [+] matchless, singular, sole" unison,"n. son(=sound) concord or agreement / unity of pitch; complete accord ȭ, ġ / ; ȭ They responded in unison to her question. ; The choir sang in unison. ׵ ׳ ġ Ͽ ߴ. ; â ġ 뷡ߴ. [+] concord, harmony" unkempt,"a. untidy ; uncombed / disheveled; with uncared for appearance ; , Ӽ / ġ He returned unkempt from the muddy game. ; The beggar was dirty and unkempt. ״ â ⿡ ƿԴ. ; ߴ. [+] messy, slovenly" unmitigated,"a. mitig(=soft) complete, absolute / harsh; severe; not lightened , / Ȥ; ; 氨 Her unmitigated grief finally made her ill. ; I sympathize with you in your unmitigated sorrow. ׷ ᱹ ׳ ̰ Ǿ. ; ׷ ʴ Ŀ Ѵ. [+] unalleviated, unassuaged" unobtrusive,"a. trus(=thrust) not too obvious or easily noticeable ; discreet / inconspicuous; not blatant , ʴ ; / Ѱ ʴ, ﰡ The photographer tried to be unobstrusive during the ceremony. ; The secret service agents in charge of protecting the President tried to be as unobtrusive as possible. ǽ ߿ ذ ߴ. ; ȣϴ ӹ ȣ ʾҴ. [+] modest" unprecedented,"a. novel; unparalleled ο? ʰ / ; ű Margaret Mitchell's book ""Gone with the Wind"" was an unprecedented success. ÿ å ""ٶ Բ "" ̾. [+] original" unruly,"a. not easily controlled ; disorderly / disobedient; lawless ٷ ; / а ʴ, Һϴ; The unruly child was expelled from school. ; The only way to curb this unruly mob is to use tear gas. Ģ ̴ б Ѱܳ. ; ٴ մ ַ簡 ϴ ̴. [+] fractious, indocile, intractable, recalcitrant, untoward" unsavory,"a. sav(=taste) nasty ; disgusting / kistasteful; morally offensive ; / , () ҹ̽ The unsavory meal was disappointing. ; People with unsavory reputations should not be allowed to work with young children. Ǹ. ; ҹ ִ ̿ Բ ϴ Ͽ Ǿ ȵȴ. [+] flavorless, insipid, savorless unpalatable; disreputable" unscathed,"a. unharmed ó? They prayed he would come back from the war unscathed. ׵ װ £ ƹ ó ⸦ ⵵ߴ." unseemly,"a. not suitable or proper / unbecoming; indecent <ൿ > ︮ʴ, / ︮ ʴ; û糪, She later apologized for her unseemly outburst. ; Your levity is unseemly at this time of mourning. ׳ ϰ ѵ Ŀ ߴ. ; ñ⿡ ʴ. [+] inappropriate, malapropos, unsuitable; improper, indecent, indecorous;︱ (seem) (un-)" unsullied,"a. untarnished I am happy that my reputation is unsullied. ʾƼ ڴ. [+] immaculate, spotless, taintless, unoiled" untenable,"a. unsupportable I find your theory untenable and must reject it. ̷ ̶ ʱ ź ." untoward,"a. unfortunate; annoying ҿ, ; , , ٷ Untoward circumstances prevent me from being with you on this festive occasion. ҿ Ȳ Ͽ Ű Բ . [+] hapless, misfortunate; fractious, intractable, recalcitrant, unruly; ư ߴµ Ե(untoward) ʾҴ.; [-] favorable and anticipated(ȣ̰ )" unwonted,"a. unaccustomed ͼ He hesitated assume the unwonted role of master of ceremonies at the dinner. ״ ͼ ǽ ϱ⸦ ߴ. [+] extraordinary, singular, uncommon, unusual" upbraid,"v. scold; reproach ߴϴ; I must upbraid him for his unruly behavior. ൿ . [+] berate, chide, rebuke, reprimand, reprove" upshot,"n. outcome The upshot of the rematch was that the former champion proved that he still possessed all the skills of his youth. èǾ ڱ ״ ϴ ̾. [+] aftermath, consequence" urchin,"n. mischirvous child 峭ٷ, Get out ! this store is no place for grubby urchins ! ! ֵ ƴϾ." ursine,"a. bearlike; pertaining to a bear ; Because of its ursine appearance, the great panda has been identified with the bears; actually, it is closely related to the raccoon. ū Ҵ ִ. ׷ װ ̱ ʱ ." usufruct,"n. right of enjoying things belonging to another ͱ, , ̿ By contract, the tenant has the usufruct of all the livestock and machinery on the farm. ༭ ϸ 忡 ִ 迡 ͱ ´." usurpation,"n. act of seizing power and rank of another Ǹ ħ; Ż The revolution ended with the usurpation of the throne by the victorious rebel leader. ¸ ݶ ڰ Żν ." uxorious,"a. excessively devoted to one's wife ó His friends laughed at him because he was so uxorious and submissive to his wife's desires. ״ ڱ Ƴ ʹ Ͽ ڱ Ƴ 䱸 а߱ ģ ." vacillation,"n. fluctuation; wavering ȭ; , 鸲 His vacillation when confronted with a problem annoyed all of us who had to wait until he made his decision.  ϰ ״ Ƿ װ ٷ ߴ 츮 δ ο. [+] (va) 鸮(cillate) vacillation̴.; [-] motionless balance(Ӿ )" vagabond,"n. wanderer; tramp; one who moves from place to place without a fixed abode; a wanderer , In summer, college students wander the roads of Europe like carefree vagabonds.; Since he had no responsibilities he decided to take one year to lead a vagabond's life,traveling from town to town and writing about his experiences. л ó ٴѴ. [+] migrant, vagrant" vainglorious,"a. boastful; excessively conceited ڶϴ, 㿵 ; ġ ڸ She was a vainglorious and arrogant individual. ׳ ڸ ̾. [+] (vain) + (glory) = 㿵 (vainglorious)" valance,"n. short drapery hanging above window frame â The windows were curtainless; only the tops were covered with valances. κе鸸 ־. [+] õ(valance) (balance) ̷ Ѵ." valedictory,"a. pertainig to farewell , ۺ I found the valedictory address too long; leave-taking should be brief. 簡 ʹ ٰ ߴ. ۺ λ ªƾ Ѵ. [+] farewell" valetudinarian,"n. invalid He enjoyed the attentions showered upon him while he was a valetudinarian and insisted that they be continued long after his recovery from his illness. ״ ڷ ־ ޾Ұ ȸ Ŀ ӵDZ⸦ ٷ. [+] (vale) ġ (ian)̴ϱ.... (valetudinarian)" validate,"v. confirm! ratify Ȯϴ; ϴ I will not publish my findings until I validate my results. Ȯ ߰ ̴. [+] authenticate, corroborate, justify, substantiate" valor,"n. val(=worth,strength) bravery, especially in war / He was awarded for valor in combat. ; He received the Medal of Honor for his valor in battle. ״ ޾Ҵ. ; ״ ޾Ҵ. [+] courage, fortitude, intrepidity" vampire,"n. ghostly being that sucks the blood of the living Children were afraid to go to sleep at night because of the many legends of vampires. ֵ Ϳ 㿡 ڷ ߴ." vanguard,"n. forerunners; advance forces ; ߴ We are the vanguard of a tremendous army that is following us. 츮 츮 ڸ 뱺 ÷̴. [+] precursor" vantage,"n. position giving an advantage ġ, They fired upon the enemy from behind trees, walls and any other point of vantage they could find. ׵ ׵ ߰ ִ , , ׸ ٸ ġ ߴ." variegated,"a. many-colored ٻ He will not like this solid blue necktie as he is addicted to variegated clothing. ״ ٻ ʿ ֱ ܻ Ǫ Ÿ̸ ̴. [+] motley, piebald, pied" vassal,"n. in feudalism, one who held land of a superior lord ; The much vaunted proved a disappointment when it collapsed. ڽŸϴ ȹ ū Ǹ Ȱ ־. [+] , (vassal) ε ܸ ?" vaunted,"a. boasted; bragged; highly publicized ڶϴ; dz; Īش This much vaunted project proved a disappointment when it collapsed. ڽŸϴ ȹ ū Ǹ Ȱ ־. [+] vanity(㿵,ڶ,ڸ) ; cf. flaunt (ϴ,(flag) ޷̴)" veer,"v. change in direction ٲٴ After what seemed an eternity, the wind veered to the east and the storm abated. ӵ ٶ ߿ ٲپ dz . [+] 'V' ó(vee) ٲ(Veer) ̴." vegetate,"v. live in a monotonous way ϴ, ϴ I do not understand how you can vegetate in this quiet village after the adventurous life you have led. ٰ  . [+] Ĺ(vegetable)ó Ӱ ڶ ٷ vegetate" vellum,"n. parchment , Bound in vellum and embossed in gold, this book is a beautiful example of the binder's craft. ϰ å ؾ ִ Ǹ ." velocity,"n. speed ӵ The train went by at considerable velocity. û ӵ . [+] rapidity" vendetta,"n. feud; private warfare ; ο, Ⱓ ģ ȭ The rival mobs engaged in a bitter vendetta. ̹ 迡 ִ ɰ ƴ. [+] revenge, vengeance" vendor,"n. seller; one who sells some- thing , ; The fruit vendor sold her wares from a stall on the sidewalk.; The streent vendors sell the same item more cheaply than you can buy it in a store. ε ȾҴ." venerable,"a. deserving high respect We do not mean to be disrespectful when we refuse to follow the advice of our venerable leader. 츮 Ϸ ǵ . [+] admirable, revered" venial,"a. forgivable; trivial 뼭 ִ; We may regard a hungry man's stealing as a venial crime. ڰ ġ ˷ ִ. [+] pardonable; ('i') ް żǴ(venal) ˴ 뼭 ִ (venial) ˰ ƴϴ." venison,"n. the meat of a deer The hunters dined on venison. ɲ۵ 罿 Ծ." ventral,"a. abdominal We shall now examine the ventral plates of this serpent, not the dorsal side. 츮 ū ƴ϶ ̴. [+] cf. dorsal ()" ventriloquist,"n. someone who can make sis or her voice seem to come from another person or thing ȭ This ventriloquist does an act in which she has a conversation with a wooden dummy. ȭ ̾߱ϴ ô ϰ ִ." venturesome,"a. bold , A group of venturesome women were the first to scale Mt. Annapuran. ȳǪ ϴ ڵ̾. [+] imprudent, incautious, indiscreet, rash, temerarious, venturous" venturous,"a. daring The five venturous young men decided to look for a new approach to the mountain top. ټ ϴ ̴ ̸ ã ߴ. [+] imprudent, incautious, indiscreet, rash, temerarious, venturesome" venue,"n. location , The attorney asked for a change of venue; he thought his client would do better if the trial were held in al less conservative county. ȣ ٲ 䱸ߴ. ״ ڱ Ҽ Ƿ ̶ ߴ." veracious,"a. truthful , I can recommend him for this position because I have always found him veracious and reliable. װ ׻ ϰ ˱ ڸ ׸ õ ִ. [+] candid, frank, honest, ingenuous, sincere; n. veracity" verbalize,"v. to put into words Ÿ, ǥϴ I know you don't like to talk about these things, but please try to verbalize your feelings. װ ̰͵鿡 ϰ ȴ. Ϸ غ ׷. [+] utter" verbatim,"a. word for word ״; , He repeated the message verbatim. ״ ޽ о." verbiage,"n. verb(=word) + i(=s.e.) + age(=collective) unnecessary words for the expression! of an idea, etc. / pompous array of words , / Ȳ, 伳 That book has an interesting plot, but the author has practically smothered it in endless pages of unnecessary verbiage . ; After we had waded through all the verbiage, we discovered that the writer had said very little. Ҽ ̷ο ٰŸ ۰ װ ʿ ӿ ǻ Ľ ȴ. ; 츮 ij ǻ ۰ ٴ ˰ Ǿ. [+] garrulity, loquacity, prolixity, talkativeness, verbosity" verdigris,"n. a green coating on copper which has been exposed to the weather û Despite all attempts to protect the statue from the elements, it became coated with verdigris. ȯκ ȣϷ ¿ ұϰ װ û . [+] patina; verdant ̴ϱ verdi + û̴" vermicular,"a. pertaining to a worm Cut out those old-fashioned thee's and thou's and write in the vernacular. ʴ thee's thou's ְ ϴ . [+] language, tongue" vernal,"a. pertaining to spring We may expect vernal showers all during the month of April. 츮 4 Ѵ ҳ⸦ 𸥴. [+] vernal equinox[point] " versatile,"a. vers(=turn) + at(=s.e.) + ile(=capable of) interested in and clever at many different things ; having various uses / having many talents; capable of working in many fields; having varied uses; flexible ٴ,ٹ ; 뵵 پ / ٴ Leonardo da Vinci was a versatile genius who excelled in many different fields of art and science. ; He was a versatile athlete; at college he had earned varsity letters in baseball, football, and track.; Danny is a very versatile athlete;he can compete in either soccer or track. Leonardo da Vinci ٸ о п پ ٴ õ翴. ; ״ ٴ  . п ״ , ౸, پ. [+] talented" vertex,"n. summit , Let us drop a perpendicular line from the vertex of the triangle to the base. ﰢ? ظ鿡 ׾ . [+] acme, apex, pinnacle, zenith" vertiginous,"a. giddy; causing dizziness ; I do not like the rides in the amusement park because they have a vertiginous effect on me. Ű ü Ÿ⸦ ʴ´." vertigo,"n. dizziness We test potential plane pilots for susceptibility to spells of vertigo. 츮 簡 鿡 󸶳 ΰѰ ׽ƮѴ. [+] 켱 Ƽ(vertigo) Ѵ" verve,"n. enthusiasm; liveliness , Ȱ She approached her studies with such verve that it was impossible for her to do poorly. ׳ ڱ ο ʹ ̾ ׳డ ߸Ѵٴ ̾. [+] animation, vigor, vivacity" viand,"n. food There was a variety of viands at the feast. ġ پ Դ. [+] (viable) (viand) Ծ Ѵ." victuals,"n. food Ĺ; I am very happy to be able to provide you with these victuals; I know you are hungry. ſ ĵ ־ ڴ. ˰ ִ. [+] viand" vigilance,"n. vigil/lively watchfulness, keeping watch , , ħ Constant vigilance is necessary in order to avoid accidents in driving. ; Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty.; After a week of constant vigilance and intensive care,the patient began to respond to treatment. ϱ ؼ ʿϴ. ; 밡. [+] vigil (,ö,ħ)" viper,"n. poisonous snake The habitat of the horned viper, a particularly venomous snake, is in sandy regions like the Sahara or the Sinai Peninsula. Ư кϴ ִ ϶ 縷̳ ó ݵ ̴. [+] ڽ VIP ϴ (viper) ؾ Ѵ." virago,"n. shrew ٰ ܴ Rip Van Winkle's wife was a veritable virago. Ŭ Ƴ ٰ ܴ ڿ. [+] (virile) ... virago" virile,"a. manly ڴٿ I do not accept the premise that a man is virile only when he is belligerent. ڴ ȣ ڴٴ ޾Ƶ ʴ´. [+] the virile age ( â )" virtual,"a. in a essence; for practical purposes ǻ, She is a virtual financial wizard when it comes to money matters. ׳ ¥ . [+] practical" virus,"n. disease communicator ̷; ü The doctors are looking for a specific medicine to control this virus. ǻ ̷ ϱ ̷ ۿϴ ã ִ." visage,"n. face; appearance ; ܸ The stern visage of the judge indicated that she had decided to impose a severe penalty. ǻ ǥ ϱ ߴٴ ־. [+] countenance" viscid,"a. sticky; adhesive ; Glue is a viscid liquid. ü. [+] glutinous, viscous; [-] slick(Ų)" vitreous,"a. pertaining to or resembling glass ; Although this plastic has many vitreous qualities such as transparency, it is unbreakable. öƽ ʴ´. [+] vitri- (glass) " vituperative,"a. abusive; scolding 弳ϴ; ¢ He became more vituperative as he realized that we were not going to grant him his wish. 츮 װ ϴ ̶ װ ״ ϰ 弳 ۺξ. [+] contumelious, invective, opprobrious, scurrilous; [-] complimentary(Ī, )" vivisection,"n. act of dissecting living animals üغ The Society for the prevention of Cruelty to Animals opposed vivisection and deplored the practice of using animals in scientific experiments. ȣ ȸ ü غθ ݴϰ 迡 ϴ ࿡ źߴ." vixen,"n. female fox; ill-tempered woman Ͽ, ܼҸ Aware that she was right once again, he lost his temper and called her a shrew and a vixen. ׳డ Ǵٴ ˾ ״ ȭ ׳ ܼҸ ƴ϶ Ű ڶ Ҹ. [+] shrew, termagant, virago" voluble,"a. volu(=roll) + ble < able(=capable of) loquacious ; able to talk very quickly and easily ; fluent ; rotating / glib ٽ ; ޺, ; â ; ȸ / Խ His answer at the press conference was rambling and voluble while giving practically no information. ; She was a voluble speaker, always ready to talk. ȸ߿ ƹ 鼭 길ϰ ٽ . ; ׳ غ Ǿ ִ Խ ." votary,"n. follower of a cult ; ; , She was a votary of every new movement in literature and art. ״ а ο  ڿ. [+] devotee" vouchsafe,"v. grant condescendingly; guarantee (ģϰԵ) ֽô, ϴ; ϴ Vouchsafe me a visit. Mr. Johnson vouchsafed to attend our party. ո ֽñ ٶϴ. 츮 ȸտ ̴ּ." vulnerable,"a. susceptible to wounds; weak óޱ?, ΰ Achilles was vulnerable only in his heel.; The army's retreat left the city vulnerable to enemy attack. ų ߵڲġ ־. [+] sensitive" vulpine,"a. vulp(=fox) of or like a fox ; crafty , 찰 ; Ȱ / With vulpine stealth, she removed the cash from his wallet. ; She disliked sly ways, but granted him a certain vulpine intelligence. ó ׳డ κ ´. ; ׳ Ȱ Ⱦ װ Ȯ پ . [+] astute, guileful, sly, wily" vying,"a. contending ϴ; ܷ Why are we vying with each other for her favors? 츮 ȣǸ ؾ ϴ°? [+] v. vie (ϴ)" waggish,"a. mischievous; humorous; tricky 峭 ϴ; Ӱ ִ; 콺ν He was a prankster who, unfortunately, often overlooked the damage he could cause with his waggish tricks. ״ 峭 ظ 峭ٷ⿴. [+] (gg) wa ish ̴ 콺ν. n. waggery (콺ν)" waif,"n. homeless child or animal ζ,  , Although he already had eight cats, he could not resist adopting yet another feline waif. ̹ ״ Ǵ ̸ µ ٸ ̸ Ű ߴ. [+] stray" wallow,"v. roll in; indulge in; become helpless ߵѴ; ߱ The hippopotamus loves to wallow in the mud. ϸ ӿ ߱⸦ Ѵ. [+] tumble, welter" wan,"a. having a pale or sickly color; pallid Ķ ; â Suckling asked, ""Why so pale and wan, fond lover?"" "" ׷ â, ?"" ϰ ö . [+] ashen" wangle,"v. wiggle out; fake տ ִ She tried to wangle an invitation to the party. ׳ Ƽ ʴ տ ߴ." warble,"v. sing; babble 뷡ϴ Every morning the birds warbled outside her window. ħ ׳ â ۿ ϴ." warranty,"n. guarantee; assurance by seller ; ǰ; The purchaser of this automobile is protected by the manufacturer's warranty that he will replace any defective part for five years or 50,000 miles. ڵ ڴ ڷκ 5Ⱓ Ȥ 50,000  κп װ ü شٴ ǰ ޴´. [+] security" warren,"n. tunneis in which rabbits live; crowded conditions in which people live 䳢 ; ִ ǹ The tenement was a veritable warren, packed with people too poor to live elsewhere. ʹ ؼ ٸ ״ ̾." wastrel,"n. profligate , ζ He was denounced as a wastrel who had dissipated his inheritance. ״ ڱ ڷ 񳭹޾Ҵ. [+] lecher, profligate, libertine, reprobate" wax,"v. increase; grow ϴ, Ŀ With proper handling, his fortunes waxed and he became rich. þ ״ ڰ Ǿ. [+] augment, expand, multiply" waylay,"v. ambush; lie in wait ẹϴ, ٸ They agreed to waylay their victim as he passed through the dark alley going home. ׵ װ ִ ο ϱ ߴ. [+] skulk" wean,"v. accustom a baby not to nurse; give up a cherished activity , ϴ He decided he would wean himself away from eating junk food and stick to fruits and vegetables. ȵǴ ϰ äҸ ̶ ߴ. [+] alienate, estrange" welkin,"n. sky â; ϴ They made the welkin ring with their shouts. ׵ ϴ Ҹƴ." welt,"n. mark from a beating or whipping ڱ The evidence of child abuse was very clear; Jennifer's small body was covered with welts and bruises.  д Ŵ ſ Ȯߴ. ׸ ڱ ̿." welter,"v. wallow / turmoil; bewildering jumble / ȥ, ׹ / ߱ At the height of the battle, the casualties were so numerous that the victims weltered in their blood while waiting for medical attention. ; The existing welter of overlapping federal and state programs cries out for immediate reform. ; At the height of the battle, the casualties were so numerous that the victims weltered in their blood while waiting for medical attention. â ڵ ʹ Ƽ ڵ ġḦ ٸ鼭 ӿ ߱. ; ο ȹ ȥ ֱ ﰢ ڴ Ҹ . ; â ڵ ʹ Ƽ ڵ ġḦ ٸ鼭 ӿ ߱. [+] cf. swelter (Դ) - (swelter) ߱(welter) 's' ., confusion, tumble; [-] orderly arrangement(ְ ϴ)" wheedle,"v. cajole; coax; deceive by flattery ̼ ̴; ޷; ̴ She know she can wheedle almost anything she wants from her father. ׳ ڱⰡ ϴ ̵ ƹ ӿ ȴ." whelp,"n. young wolf, dog, tiger, etc. , , ȣ This colie whelp won't do for breeding, but he'd make a fine pet. ݸ Ŀδ ʰ ֿϿ ̴." whet,"v. sharpen; stimulate ; ڱؽŰ The odors from the kitchen are whetting my appetite; I will be ravenous by the time the meal is served. ξ Ŀ ִ. ̴. [+] whet (whit) whit ȴ." whinny,"v. neigh like a horse ó When he laughed through his nose, it sounded as if he whinnied. װ ġ Ҹ ó 鸰." whit,"n. smallest speck ణ; There is not a whit of intelligence or understanding inn your observations. ݵ ˰ų Ѵ. [+] no[not a, never a] whit ݵ ʴ(not at all)" whorl,"n. ring of leaves around stem; ring ü; Identification by fingerprints is based on the difference in shape and number of the whorls on the fingers ſ Ȯ հ ִ ־ ̿ ٰѴ. [+] verticil; cf. whirl (,ȸϴ)" wily,"a. cunning; artful Ȱ; ɼɶ She is as wily as a fox in avoiding trouble. ״ ϴ ŭ̳ Ȱϴ. [+] astute, crafty, Machiavelian, sly, guileful" windfall,"n. fallen fuit; unexpected lucky event ٶ ҷ ; Ⱦ This huge tax refund is quite a windfall. ȯ Ⱦ." winnow,"v. sift; separate good parts from bad ҷ , üϴ This test will winnow out the students who study from those who don't bother. л ߿ ϴ л ̴. [+] sort" winsome,"a. attractive ; pleasing, bright / agreeable; gracious; engaging ŷִ ; Ӽ ִ, Ȱ / ; ; Marie is not particularly pretty, but her sparkling personality and high spirits make her extremely winsome . ; By her winsome manner, she made herself liked by everyone who met her. Marie Ư ۰ ƴ ׳ ǰ Ȱ ׳ฦ ſ Ϳ Ѵ. ; ׳ µ ׳ ڱ⸦ κ ޾Ҵ. [+] gay, sportive; attractive, captivating, charming" wither,"v. shrivel; decay; to lose freshness; to dry up;to fade õ Cut flowers are beautiful for a day, but all too soon they wither.; The spring flowers witherd under the hot sun. ߸ ɵ Ϸ Ƹ õ. [+] wizen" witless,"a. foolish; idiotic ; û Such witless and fatuous statements will create the impression that you are an ignorant individual. ׷  ϸ ʴ ̶ λ ְ ̴. [+] asinine, silly, unwitty" witticism,"n. witty saying; facetious remark ; 汸 What you regard as witticisms are often offensive to sensitive people. ġִ ̶ ϴ ΰ Դ ִ. [+] drollery" wizardry,"n. sorcery; magic ; Merlin amazed the knights with his wizardry. ޸ ڱ ߴ. [+] thaumaturgy" wont,"n. custom; habitual procedure ; As was his wont, he jogged two miles every morning before going to work. ħ ״ ϱ 2 پ. [+] cf. mores (ȸ )" worldly,"a. engrossed in matters of this earth; not spiritual ; You must leave your worldly goods behind you when you go to meet your Maker. âָ ͵ ܵΰ Ѵ. [+] earthly, mundane" wraith,"n. ghost; phantom of a living person ; It must be a horrible experience to see a ghost; it is even more horrible to see the wraith of a person we know to be alive. ù üӿ Ʋ. ִ ˰ ִ ξ ̴. [+] apparition, specter" wrangle,"n.v. such an argument / take part in a noisy or angry argument / quarrel; obtain through erhuing; herd cattle , / / ϴ, ϴ They had such a long wrangle over the use of the bicycle that their mother finally wouldn't allow either of them to use it. ; They wrangled over their inheritance. Ÿ Ÿ ׵ ʹ ߱ ׵ Ӵϴ Ե Ÿ Ÿ ߴ. ; ׵ ׵ 꿡 ߴ. [+] altercate, dispute" wreak,"v. inflict ; Ͷ߸ I am afraid he will wreak his wrath on the innocent as well as the guilty. װ Ӹ ƴ϶ ˾ ұ ηƴ. [+] cf. reek (븦 dz, ⸦ )" wrench,"v. pull; strain; twist Ʋ, ƶ She wrenched free of her attacker and landed a powerful kick to his kneecap. ׳ ڱ⸦ ϴ κ ͼ ȴ. [+] wrest" wrest,"v. pull away; take by violence Ʋ; Ѵ With only ten seconds left to play, our team wrested victory from their grasp. Ұ 10ʸ ܵΰ 츮 ׵ ߿ ¸ ë. [+] wrench, wry" writhe,"v. squirm, twist θġ, Ʋ He was writhing in pain, desperate for the drug his body required. ״ θġ ڱ ʿ ϴ ⸦ ãҴ. [+] contort, distort" wry,"a. twisted; with a humorous twist Ʋ, ; , ü We enjoy Dorothy Parker's verse for its wry wit. 츮 ν Ŀ ø Ѵ. [+] contorted, distorted; cynical, sardonic" xenophobia,"n. fear or hatred of foreigners ܱ () When the refugee arrived in America, he was unprepared for the xenophobia he hound there. ̱ ״ ܱε鿡 ƹ غ Ǿ ʾҴ." yen,"n. longing; urge , She had a yen to get away and live on her own for a while. ׳ а а ڱ ڽ ƺ ;." yeoman,"n. man owning small estate; middle-class farmer ; ۳ It was not the aristocrat but the yeoman who determined the nation's policies. å ƴ϶ ۳̾." yield,"n. amout produced; crop; income on investment An experienced farmer can estimate the annual yield of his acres with surprising accuracy. δ ڱ Ȯ Ȯϰ ߻ ִ. [+] output, product" yoke,"n. join together, unite ۿ ϳǰ ϴ I don't wish to be yoked to him in marriage, as if we were cattle pulling a plow. ⸦ Ҹ ȥ ׿ ¦ ʴ. [+] combine, conjoin, conjugate, connect" yokel,"n. country bumpkin ð߱ At school, his classmates regarded him as a yokel and laughed at his rustic mannerisms. б ģ ׸ ð߱ ؼ ̽ µ ." zealot,"n. fanatic; person who shows excessive zeal; an eager,enthusi- astic person;a fan- atic ; ģ ̴ It is good to have a few zealots in our group for their enthusiasm is contagious.; A religious zealot,Joseph Smith led his congregation from New York to Salt Lake City where they established the Mormon Church. Űܰ ̱ 츮 ü дٴ ̴. [+] Enthusiast, maniac" zephyr,"n. gentle breeze; west wind ֺּδ ٶ; dz When these zephyrs blow; it is good to be in an open boat under a full sail. ̷ ٶ Ҷ 踦 Ÿ Ȱ¦ 켭 ޸ ." converse,"Ųٷ ݴ; ְ޴ ȭ n. opposite ݴ, / ȭϴ; The inevitable converse of peace is not war but annihilation. ȭ ݴ ƴ϶ ̴. [+] antithesis, contradictory, contrary, opposite" wrath,"г ݳ n. anger; fury; great anger г, ݳ She turned to him, full of wrath, and said, ""What makes you think I'll accept lower pay for this job than you get?""; The slaves obeyed their master because they feared his wrath. ׳ п ׿ "" ź ϸ ߴ°?"" . [+] rage, resentment" wistful,"Ž ϴ a. sad and longing ; showing a rather unsatisfied and often vague desire? / vaguely longing; sadly óӰ ϴ ; ƽ Ÿ / Ž ; With a wistful expression! on his face, the prisoner looked through the window of his cell at the blue patch of sky that meant freedom to him. ; With a last wistful glance at the happy couples dancing in the hall, Sue headed back to her room to study for her exam. 󱼿 ϴ ǥ ϰ ˼ â ׿ ǹϴ Ķ ϴ ٶ󺸾Ҵ. ; Ȧ ߰ ִ ູ Ŀõ η Ĵٺ θ ڱ ߴ. [+] meditative" wake,ʽ ö ȸ ; ö; ߰ ֱ volition," ܷ ǿ n. vol(=will) + i(=s.e.) + tion(=that which) the act of exercising one's will, the power of willing / act of making a conscious choice , , ܷ Although she emphasizes that she was the helpless victim of bad luck, one can recognize the effects of her own volition in bringing about her own downfall. ; She selected this dress of her own volition ׳ ڽ ҿ ¿ ̶ ׳ ׳ ڽ ִ. ; ׳ ڽ ߴ. [+] will" vindicate,"ȣϴ ȣϴ ȸϴ; ϴ v. vin(=force) + dic(=say) + ate(=make) prove the justice, truth, validity, etc. of / clear of charges .. <<,Ÿ缺>> ϴ, ȣϴ / Ǽ[缺] ϴ My faith in that seemingly ""ordinary"" young girl was vindicated many years later when she won the Pulitzer Prize in fiction. ; I hope to vindicate my client and return him to society as a free man. """" ̴  ҳ࿡ ŷڰ ׳డ Ҽ ι Pulitzer Ÿ Ǿ . ; Ҽ Ƿ ȣϿ μ ׸ ȸ ǵ ʹ. [+] exculpate" vignette,"ȭ ʹ n. picture; short literary sketch ? ġ ""The New Yorker"" published her latest vignette. ""The New Yorker"" ǻ翡 ׳ ֱ Ʈ ߴ. [+] depiction" vigilant, ʰ Ű ʴ vehement," ͷ a. impetuous; with marked vigor ݷ; ⿡ ġ He objected vehemently to a vote taking place in the absence of a quorum. ״ ¿ ǥ ݷ ݴߴ. [+] ad. vehemently; ardent, fervent, fervid, passionate" vanquish,ϴ ̱ utopia,"̻ȸ n. imaginary land with perfect social and political system ȸ,ġ Ϻ Shangri-la was the name of James Hilton's Tibetan utopia. ׸ ӽ ƼƮ ̻ ̸̴. [+] paradise" urbane,"dz õ a. suave; refined; elegant ε巯; õ; the courtier was urbane and sophisticated. ÷ ϰ õǾ. [+] cultivated, polished" unwitting,"ǽ ʴ a. unknowing, unaware, unintentional / not knowing 𸣴, ҽİ, ƴ / ǽ , ǰ ƴ; Her unwitting insight made him uncomfortable. ; She was the unwitting tool of the swindlers. ׳ ǽ ׸ Ҿϰ ߴ. ; ׳ ƴϰ ۵ ʸ̰ Ǿ. [+] inadvertent" uniform, (consistent unchanging) undermine,"... Ĵ; ġ ջŰ v. weaken gradually ; make a hollow or tunnel under / sap ȭŰ ; ... Ĵ, ؿ Ĵ / ջŰ, The foreign agent sought to undermine the government. ; The recent corruption scandals have undermined many people's faith in the city government. ܱ ı ߴ. ; ֱ ĵ ο ŷڰ . [+] attenuate, debilitate, enfeeble; [-] undergird( ܴϰ ); [-] reinforce(ȭϴ)" ubiquitous,"𿡳 ִ ϴ a. being everywhere; omnipresent ó ִ; ϴ You must be ubiquitous for I meet you wherever I go. ̾߸ 𿡳 ִ Ʋ. [+] universal; [-] unique()" trenchant,"1. Ŷ 2. Ȯ; nonchalant=indifferent penchant- ȣ a. trench(=cut) + ant(=having the quality of) sharp ; keen, penetrating, incisive ; clear-cut, distinct / cutting; īο ; <<,å>> ; <<>>ѷ / ڸ; After the Senator's trenchant analysis, each of us should have a clear idea of what is involved and where we stand on the issue. ; I am afraid of his trenchant wit for it is so often sarcastic. ǿ īο м 츮  ԵǾ ־ 츮 ġϰ ִ 򰡸 и ˾ƾ Ѵ. ; Ŷ Ʈ ʹ 񲿴 ̶ . [+] biting, incisive, penetrating, piercing, poignant, pungent" timorous,"̸ (timid) a. fearful; demonstrating fear η; , ̸, ҽ His timorous manner betrayed the fear he felt at the moment. ̳ µ װ 巯 ̾. [+] cowardly, timid; [-] intrepid(̾)" threshold,1. Ա 2. ߴ thesis, temperate," ȭ(mild) ° ϴ a. restrained; self-controlled ϴ / Noted for his temperate appetite, he seldom gained weight. ϴ Ŀ ״ ü ʾҴ. [+] abstemious, abstinent, continent" taint, / ; Ÿ; () systemic,1. (ü ) 2. ( ) ¸ syntax, surrogate,"븮 n. substitute 븮 For a fatherless child, a male teacher may become a father surrogate. ƹ л鿡 ƹ 븮 ̴. [+] alternate, deputy" surreal,; corporea- supine,"1. ݵ 2. (lethargic) a. lying on back ݵ The defeated pugilist lay supine on the canvas. й ĵ . [+] cf. vulpine (찰); [-] vigilant( ʴ)" succumb,"״ ; ϴ v. suc < sub(=under) + cumb(=lean, lie) give way to ; yield to temptation,flattery, etc. ; die / give in; ϴ ; [Ȥ,÷],Ѿ ; ״ / ϴ I refuse to believe thar our society will succumb to the weaknesses that have destroyed other nations. ; I succumb to temptation whenever it comes my way. 츮 ȸ ٸ ı ׷ 鿡 Ѿ ϱ⸦ źѴ. ; Ȥ 濡 Ÿ Ѵ. [+] capitulate, submit, surrender" substantive," ; a. essential; pertaining to the substance , Although the delegates were aware of the importance of the problem, they could not agree on the substantive issues. ǿ ߿伺 ˰ ־ ؼ Ǹ . [+] cardinal, substantial; [-] trival()" sublime,"(lofty) Ź η(awesome) a. exalted; noble; uplifting , ; ; , , / ȭŰ Mother Teresa has been honored for her sublime deeds. ׷ ׳ ൿ ް ִ. [+] elevated, grand, lofty; glorious, resplendent, splendid; ȭǸ(sublimate) ϰ ϰ(sublime) ȴ." stratum," ȸ (layer level) n. layer of earth's surface; layer of society ; ȸ Unless we alleviate conditions in the lowest stratum of our society, we may expect grumbling and revolt. 츮 ȸ ʴ´ٸ 츮 ݶ ϰ 𸥴." stipend," ޿ remuneration n. pay for services There is a nominal stipend for this position. å . [+] emolument" stigmatize,"ϴ v. stig(=to prick, to mark) describe somebody scornfully / brand; mark as wicked <ƹ> ... 򺸾 ϴ / ; Have we reached the stage where anyone who refuses to go along with the majority opinion is to be stigmatized as a malcontent and a radical? ; I do not want to stigmatize this young offender for life by sending her to prison. ټ ǰ߿ ϱ⸦ źϴ ڳ ķ 񳭹޾ƾ ܰ迡 츮 ̸°? ; ڸ ҿ ؼ ϰ ʴ. [+] denounce, vilify" specter, specious," ׷ Ѹ 巹 a. spec(=look) + i(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) seeming right or true, but not really so / seemingly reasonable but incorrect , Ǽ , Ѹ ׷ / ǰ We are mostly likely to fall victim to specious reasoning when we have an emotional desire to believe what we are being told. ; Let us not be misled by such specious arguments. 츮 ִ ϰ ׷ DZⰡ ſ . ; ׷ 忡 . [+] casuistic; [-] valid(ȿ, Ȯ)" spate,"( ) ݹ ignite n. sudden flood ȫ I am worried about the possibility of a spate if the rains do not diminish. ȫ . [+] deluge, inundation, overflow" solvent," ɷ ִ ׷ ϴ n.a. solv(=loosen) + ent(=having the quality of) substance able to dissolve another substance / of the power of dissolving or forming a solution ; having money enough to meet one's debts / able to pay all debts , / ط ִ ; <<ä>>Ҵɷ ִ Since most solid dissolve in water to some degree, this liquid is called ""the universal solvent "". ; By dint of very frugal living, he was finally able to become solvent and avoid bankruptcy proceedings. κ ü صDZ ü ""Ϲ "" ҷ. ; ſ ˼ Ȱ ״ ħ ä ־ Ļ ־. [-] precipitant(ħϴ)" slander,"߻ϴ Ѽϴ n. defamation; utterance o false and malicious statements ߻; Ѽ Unless you can prove your allegations your remarks constitute slander. ߾ ̴. [+] belittlement, calumny, depreciation, detraction, disparagement" shibboleth,"( ü Ư) ǥ n. watchword; slogan ǥ; ȣ We are often misled by shibboleths. 츮 ΰǿ Ȥȴ. [+] Ÿ ߸ 缭 ڴ ȣ(shibboleth) ɷִ." servile,"뿹 ټ a. serv(=serve) + ile(=capable of) of or like a slave ; lacking in the spirit of independence ; obsequious / slavish; cringing 뿹,뿹 ; ; ÷ϴ,ϴ / 뿹; DZϴ A President needs people who will tell him frankly when they think he is wrong, rather than just offer servile approval of everything he says. ; Uriah Heep was a very servile individual. ϴ ÷ װ Ʋȴٰ ϰ ʿϴ. ; U. H. ſ ̾. [+] menial, obsequious, subservient" sententious,"1. ݾ 2. ݾ a. sent(=feel) + ent(=nature) + i(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) dull and moralizing ; having an air of wisdom ; in the habit of saying or writing things in a short and witty manner / terse; concise; aphoristic , ݾ ; ݾ , üϴ ; , / ִ; 汸 In his efforts to impress moral principles on the children, he made use of sententious fomulas, such as ""To be good, do good."" ; After reading so many redundant speeches, I find his sententious style particularly pleasing. ̵鿡 ɾ ַ ¿ ״ ""Ϸ ϶."" ̿ߴ. ; Ȳ а ü ſ ȣ . [+] epigrammatic, laconic, pithy, succinct" scrupulous,"ƴ ; ִ a. conscientious; extremely thorough ; ƴ, IJ I can recommend him for a position of responsibility for I have found him a very scrupulous young man. װ ſ ϴٶ ˱ ׸ å ִ ڸ õ ־. [+] fussy, heedful, meticulous, punctilious" scant,1. 2. ܿ Ǵ scarce; cant- recant-ϴ öȸϴ repudiate sarcasm," dz (sneer) n. scornful remarks; stinging rebuke , His feeling were hurt by the sarcasm of his supposed of his supposed friends. ״ ģ Ͽ. [+] acerbity, causticity, corrosiveness, sarcasticness" ribald,"Թ ߺ 󽺷(indecent) a. wanton; profane ; 󽺷, , He sang a ribald song that offended many of the more prudish listeners. ״ 󽺷 뷡 ҷ ôϴ ûߵ ȭ . [+] blasphemous, dissolute; ϰ ϸ(ribald) ٽ(ri) Ӹ(bald) ȴ." revile,"... ϴ ... ϴ belie- v. re(=back) + vil(=cheap) swear at, abuse / slander; vilify ϴ, 弳ϴ Instead of recognizing that he caused his own failure, he continues to revile all the people who were ""unfair"" to him. ; He was avoided by all who feared that he would revile and abuse them if they displeased him. ״ и ߴٰ ϴ ڱ⿡ ""ġ ߴ"" Ѵ. ; ׸ ϰ װ ϰ ұ η ׸ ߴ. [+] calumniate, defame, libel, malign, traduce; cf. vile , " revere,ϴ ϴ reticent," ſ ﰡ a. re(=intensive) + tic < tac(=silent) not saying all that is known or felt ; in the habit of saving little / reserved; uncommunicative, inclined to silence ; / Why should he be so talkative about most things but so reticent about his own personal background. ; Hughes preferred reticent employees to loquacious ones, noting that the formers' dislike of idle chatter might ensure discretion about his affairs. ״ κ ϵ鿡 ؼ ׷ ٽ鼭 ڽ 濡 ؼ ұ? ; ִ 㿡 Ͽ ׵ ִ 𸥴ٰ ߱ 麸 ߴ. [+] tacitum" resolute, ȣ Ȯ repartee,"; ġִ (ȭ); ġִ n. re(=back) + part(=part) a quick, witty reply ; skill in making witty replies / clever reply ġִ ; ġְ ϴ 簣 / ġִ Repartee has been likened to a sort of verbal fencing, with the more skillful contestants driving home their weapons for the kill. ; He was famous for his witty repartee and his sarcasm. ġ ɼ ڰ ڽ ⸦ ޼ҿ 񷯳־ 븦 ¦ϰ ϴ ν ο ̿ 񱳵Ǿ. ; ״ dzڷ ϴ." reiterate,"Ǯϴ ݺϴ v. re(=again) + it(=go) say or do again several times / repeat; to say again; to repeat Ǯ ϴ, ݺϴ What a bore to hear the same silly advertising slogans reiterated endlessly on TV programs! ; I shall reiterate this message until all have understood it.; Before proceeding with the experiment the lab assistant reiterated what the professor had said in his last lecture. TVο ݺǴ 󸶳 ΰ? ; ޽ ݺ ̴. [+] iterate" refute,"ϴ ݹϴ v. disprove ϴ, ݹϴ The defense called several respectable witnesses who were able to refute the false testimony of the prosecution's only witness. ǰ ݹ ִ Ҹ ҷ. [+] controvert, disprove, rebut; [-] prove(ϴ)" quizzical,"⹦ 콺ν a. bantering; comical; humorously serious ; ͻ; ſ ְ Will Rogers' quizzical remarks endeared him to his audiences. 콺ν ûߵ ȣ . [+] droll, ludicrous" quintessential, qualify,ϴ ϴ ȭϴ; ڰ ִ οϴ pseudonym,"͸ n. onym(=name) name taken, especially by author, instead of his real name / pen name ͸, , <Ư > ȣ, ʸ He used a woman's psudonym for the Gothic romance. ; Samuel Clemen's pseudonym was Mark Twain. ״ Ҽ ʸ ߴ. ; 繫 ũ ʸ ũ Ʈ̾. [+] alias" prudent," ˾ϴ ƴ a. pr < pro(=before) + ud < vid(=look) acting only after careful thought or planning ; careful / cautiouss;; careful; wise, complete ; ɽ / , ɼ ִ / ˾()ϴ The only advice I can give you is to take the problems one at a time and try to deal with each of them in a sensible and prudent way. ; A miser hoards money not because he is prudent but because he is greedy.; In order to make a prudent decision, you must comsider ail of the possibilities carefully. ſ ִ ѹ ϳ Ƽ ְ ϰ óϵ ϴ ̴. ; μ ˼ؼ ⺸ٴ Ž彺 . [+] chary, circumspect, discreet, heedful, wary" provisional," Ͻ ӽ a. tentative Ͻ, The appointment is provisional; only on the approval of the board of directors will it be made permanent. ̴. ̻ȸ װ ̴. [+] conditional" provident," ִ; ˼ a. displaying foresight; thrifty; preparing for emergencies ִ; ˼; ÿ ϴ In his usual provident manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss. Կ ϴ µν ״ ̷ 迡 . [+] canny, chary, economical, frugal" protocol,"ܱǷ n. col(=glue) first ro original draft of an agreement, signed by these making it ; code of behavior, etiquette as practiced on diplomatic occasions / diplomatic etiquette < > , ; ൿԾ, ܱǷ Foreign service officers and their spouse must learn the rules of protocol . ; We must run this state dinner according to protocol if we are to avoid offending any of our guests. ܱ ׵ ڴ ܱǷ Ģ Ѵ. ; մ ȭ ܱ Ƿʿ ʴ ̲߸ Ѵ." proselytize,"Ű Ű v. convert to a religion or belief Ű In these interfaith meetings, there must be no attempt to proselytize; we must respect all points of view. ̷ ü ӿ θ Ű ؼ ȵȴ. 츮 ظ ؾ Ѵ. [+] change" proscribe,"ϴ ôϴ ߹ϴ; α Żϴ v. pro(=before) + scrib(=write) forbid someone to do something ; put outside the protection of the law ; force someone to go away / ostracize; banish; outlaw ϴ ; α Żϴ, ȣۿ δ ; ߹ϴ / Ѵ; ۿ δ, ϴ Laws against slander and libel have their place, but they must never be used to proscribe criticism of public officials. ; Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus proscribed all those who had conspired against Julius Caesar. ߻ ϴ ϴµ ̿Ǿ ȴ. ; , Ÿ콺, ǵν 츮 ϴ ٹ ߹ߴ. [+] exile, expatriate; ban, forbid, interdict, prohibit; [-] sanction(ΰϴ)" prosaic,"깮 a. commonplace; dull , ο; I do not like this author because he is so unimaginative and prosaic. ڴ ʹ ϱ ׸ ʴ´. [+] tiresome, unimaginative" profound," Ѹ ; ɿ ع ɿ n(þ) ɿ a. deep; not superficial; complete , ɿ, / ع; 漺 Freud's remarkable insights into buman behavior caused his fellow scientists to honor him as a profound thinker.; After the nurse gave him a sedative, he fell into a profound sleep. ΰ ൿ ̵ پ ڱ ڵ Ͽ ڽ ɿ 󰡷μ ϵ Ͽ. [+] abstruse, esoteric, recondite" profligate,"a ǰ n n.a. pro(=forward) + flig(=drive) + ate(=make) profligate person / shamelessly immoral ; reckless, extravagant / dissipated; wasteful; licentious , / , ǰ ; << >>к, ſ ϴ He was so profligate with his inheritance that he consumed in a few years the fortune it had taken his parents a lifetime to accumulate. ; In this profligate company, she lost all sense of decency. ״ ؼ θ ɸ ɸ ⿡ ȴ. ; ȸ翡 ׳ ǰ Ұ Ҵ. [+] extravagant, wasteful; dissolute, wanton" proficient,޵ ɼ (at in) n (expert) prodigal,"dz Ƶ; ϴ a. prod < pro(=forth) + ig(=drive) wasteful ; too free in giving or spending ; abundant / reckless with money ϴ, ; Ƴ ִ, Һϴ ; dz / It will take us months of strict economizing to make up for that one prodigal shopping spree. ; The prodigal son squandered his inheritance. ѹ ̸ ϱ ؼ 츮 ޵ ؾ ̴. ; ̸ ڱ ߴ. [+] extravagant, lavish, profuse" primal,1. ٿ 2. ֿ presentiment,"(Ư ) n. pre(=before) + sent(=feel) vague feeling that somthing unpleasant or undesirable is about to happen / premonition; foreboding , According to psychologists, when you have an ""uncanny"" feeling that somthing is about to happen, you may unconsciously that somthing is about to happen, you may unconsciously act in a way that will help the presentiment to come true. ; Hamlet felt a presentiment about his meeting with Laertes. ɸڵ鿡 Ͼ 鶧 츮 Ǵµ ǵ ǽ߿ ൿ ִ. ; ܸ 󿡸׽ . [+] prediction, presage" premeditated,̸ ȹ preempt,"űǿ v. pre(=before) + empt(=take) optain by preemption ; occupy public land so as to have the right of preemption / appropriate beforehand űǿ ; ű ϴ / ϴ What motive do we have for going out for the school show when we know that all the good roles are being preempted by members of the senior class? ; Your attempt to preempt this land before it is offered to the public must be resisted. л ϰ ִٴ ˸鼭 пȸ ǹ̰ ? ; ߿ ȷ Ϸ õ Ʋ ׿ ̴. [+] arrogate, commandeer, usurp" predilection," n. pre(=before) + di(=apart) + lect(=choose) special liking ; mental preference / partiality; Ư ; To say that Hal has a predilection for blonds is to underrate his sincere partiality toward brunettes and redheads. ; Although the artist used various media from time to time, she had a predilection for watercolors. Hal ݹ Ư Ѵٰ ϴ ̳ Ӹ ö ָ ϴ ̴. ; ̼ ü äȭ ׸ ȣߴ. [+] disposition, inclination, penchant, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency; [-] propensity to dislike(Ⱦϴ )" precept," ݾ(maxim); Ģ ɼ n. pre(=before) + cept(=take) moral instruction / practical rule guiding conduct; a rule; a command I intend to be guided by the simple precepts that have proved their value over long periods of human experience. ; ""Love they neighbor as thyself"" is a worthwhile precept.; The following precept is worth remembering: If at first you don't succeed, try, try again. ΰ Ⱓ ļ ġ Ǹ ܼ ̾. ; ' ̿ ϶' ġ ִ ̴. [+] decree, ordinance, prescript, regulation, statute" ponderous," ſ(massive) ٷ⿡ (dull) Ȳ a. weighty; unwiedy ſ His humor lacked the light touch; his jokes were always ponderous. Ӵ ġ ϴ. ׻ ʹ ̴. [+] heavy, massive" plebeian," ; ӵ(vulgar) õ a. common; pertaining to the common people ; His speeches were aimed at the plebeian minds and emotions; they disgusted the more refined. ӵ 鿡 ܳؼ õ 鿡 ߴ." phantasm, ȯ peruse,ϴ ϴ perquisite,"μ (=perk) n. any gain above stipulated salary ӽ , μ The perquisites attached to this job make it even more attractive than the salary indicates. μ ޺ . [+] bonus" periphery," ֺ; ǥ ܸ n. pher(=carry) external boundary or surface / edge, especially of a round surface , ܸ, / ٱѷ The debate touched only the periphery of the issue. ; He sensed that there was something just beyond the periphery of his vision. ֺ 鸸 ٷ. ; ״ þ߰ ġ ϴ ΰ . [+] circumference, perimeter" perfidy,"Ҽ (treachery) n. violation of a trust ҽ; When we learned of his perfidy, we were shocked and dismayed. 츮 ſ ˾ ޾Ұ Ȳߴ. [+] treachery, disloyalty, faithlessness; [-] gratitude()" partition, ȹ paranoia," n. chronic form of insanity marked by delusions grandeur ; The psychiatrists analyzed his ailment as paranoia when he claimed that everyone hated him. Ű ǻ ڱ⸦ ̿Ѵٰ ϴ мߴ." paltry," ý ġ ȵǴ a. insignificant; petty ; ġ This is a paltry sum to pay for such a masterpiece. ̰ ׷ ǰ δ 󸶵 ʴ´. [+] puny, trivial, unconsequential" override,ϴ ϴ ϴ oust,"Ѵ ҹ Ѵ expel v. expel; drive out Ѵ, ߹ϴ The world wondered if Aquino would be able to oust Marcos from office. Ű밡 ·κ ڽ ñߴ. [+] banish, expatriate, ostracize" osmosis, oscillate,"ϴ 鸮 ϴ Ǹ v. vibrate pendulumlike; waver 䵿ϴ; ϴ It is interesting to note how public opinion oscillates between the extremes of optimism and pessimism. ǿ ش ̿  Ǵ ִ ̴. [+] pendulate, sway, swing" olfactory,"İ ; İ a. concerning the sense of smell İ The olfactory organ is the nose. İ ڴ." officious,"ϱ ϴ ϴ a. of < ob(=in the way) + fic(=do, make) very fond of giving unwelcome services or advice / meddlesome; excessively trying to please ϴ, Ͽ / ģ Ǫ And there was good old Dan, shouting orders, handing out papers, and generally making an officious nuisance of himself! ; Browning informs us that the Duke resented the bough of cherries some officious fool brought to please the Duchess. ׸ ű⼭ Dan Ҹ ָ鼭 ڽ ϱ ϴ ־. ; 밡 ̰ ַ ȭ ٰ 츮 Ϸ ־. [+] intrusive, meddlesome, obtrusive" odious," ӻ콺 ߾ a. hateful I find the task of punishing you most odious. ϴ ȴ. [+] abhorrent, abominable, detestable, loath, repulsive" obscure,"иġ ȣ; ʴ 帰 a. dark; vague; unclear / darken; make unclear; not easily seen ο; ָ, ȣ / Ӱ ϴ; ָϰ ϴ Even after Iread the poem a fourth time, its meaning was still obscure. ; At times he seemed purposely to obscure his meaning, preferring mystery to clarity.; The meeting of this poem is very obscure;I really do not understand it. ø ̳ Ŀ װ ǹ̴ ȣߴ. ; Ժٴ ȣ ؼ ״ װ ǹϴ ٸ ǵ ָϰ ϴ Ҵ. [+] dim, murky, tenebrous; ambiguous, equivocal, unexplicit, adumbrate, dim, eclipse, gloom murk" notorious,"Ǹ /ҹ ̸ a. not(=know) + ori(=s.e.) + ous(=many, full) widly known for something bad / outstandingly bad; unfavorably known << >> ̸,Ǹ / ڰ ˷ / Ǹ He is notorious for his habit of taking small loans from friends and then conveniently forgetting about them. ; Captain Kidd was notorious pirate. ״ ģκ ؾ ̸ ִ . ; Ű Ǹ ̾. [+] flagrant, infamous" nominal,"̸ ̸ Ÿ ̸; ׸ a. nomin(=name) + al(=nature of) of a name ; existing in name or word only, not in fact ; of little importance or value ; of a noun or nouns / in name only; trifling ̸,ǻ ; ,̸ ; ߿ġ , ; <> Although the Queen is the nominal head of the British state, the Prime Minister has the real responsibility for leading the government. ; He offered to drive her to the airport for only a nominal fee. θӸ̰ θ ̲ å ִ. ; ״ ׳ฦ ױ ¿ ְڴٰ Ͽ. [+] titular" noisome,"밡 Ž; ; a. foul smelling; unwholesome 밡 ; طο I never could stand the noisome atmosphere surrounding the slaughter houses. . [+] fetid, malodorous, putrid, rancid; insalutary, noxious; [-] attractively fragrant(⳻ )" nirvana," Ż n. the ideal state in Buddhist teachings He tried to explain the concept of nirvana to his skeptical students. ״ ȸ л鿡 Ϸ ֽ." munificent,"λ Ƴ ִ(lavish) a. mun(=gift, service) + i(=s.e.) + fic(=make, do) +ent(=having the quality of) extremely generous ; large in amount or splendid in quality / very generous Ƴ ִ, ū ; <<ִ >> ų Ǹ My sad story is that after working for three hours in the hot sun cleaning up the yard, I received the munificent sum of 1 dollar 75 cents. ; The munificent gift was presented to the bride by her rich uncle. ̾߱ ûҸ ϴ ߰ſ ޺ Ʒ ð 175Ʈ Ƴ ִ ޾Ҵٴ ̴. ; ź źο ־. [+] bountiful" municipal,ġ(); moratorium,"Ͻ Ⱓ; n. legal delay of payment չ ҿ If we declare a moratorium and delay collection of debts for six months, I am sure the farmers will be able to meet their bills. 츮 ϰ 6 Ѵٸ ε ׵ ä ȮѴ." monolithic," ȹ; a. mono(=one) + lith(=stone) + ic(=nature of) of or like a stone / solidly uniform; unyielding ȹ, ϳε<< >> / In a plurastic democracy, such as the United States, there is a little chance that a monolithic public opinion will develop on any controversial issue. ; The patriots sought to present a monolithic front. ̱ ٿ ֱ  ǰ ִ ȹ ɼ . ; ֱڵ ϳ ϵ µ ̰ ߴ. [+] homogeneous" mitigate,"ȭϴ / ׷߸ ޷ / 氨ϴ v. appease ׷߸ Nothing he did could mitigate her wrath; she was unforgiving. װ ׳ г븦 ׳ 뼭 ʾҴ. [+] allay, alleviate, assuage, mollify, palliate, relieve; [-] exacerbate(ȭŰ)" melee," ȥ ȥ n. fight The captain tried to ascertain the cause of the melee that had broken out among the members. ¹鰣 ο ˾Ƴ ߴ. [+] cf. levee ()" medium,Ű ü; mediate,"ϴ ϴ v. medi(=middle) + ate(=make) act as go-between or peace-maker ; bring about by doing mediation / settle a dispute through the services of an outsider <<>>ϴ, ȭؽŰ ; Ͽ .. ̷ / ϴ I don't like listening to my mother and my sister quarrel, but I like even less being the person to mediate their disagreements. ; Let us mediate our differences rather than engage in a costly strike. ӴϿ ̰ ο Ҹ ⸦ Ⱦ ׵ ǰ ̸ ϴ Ǵ ȴ. ; ľ ϱ⺸ ΰ ̸ . [+] arbitrate, intercede" martial," ; δٿ; ȣ 밨 a. mar(=war) + ti(=s.e.) + al(=nature of) of war ; military ; brave ; fond of fighting / warlike ; ; ; ȣ We learned in our history class that the ancient Romans were great soldiers and excelled in all the martial arts. ; The sound of martial music is always inspiring. θε ̾ ־ پٴ ð . ; ο ϵ Ҹ ׻ ڱ̴. [+] bellicose, belligerent, combative, militant, pugnacious, warlike" mania, ... ... magnanimous," Ʒ ִ ū a. magn(=great) + anim(=mind) + ous(=having the quality of) having generosity / generous , Churchill told his countrymen to be resolute in war,defiant in defeat,and magnanimous in victory. ; The philanthropist was most magnanimous. Churchill £ ȣϰ, й踦 ̰, ¸ ŵξ ϵ ε鿡 Ϸ. ; ھڴ ̾. [+] benevolent, chivalrous, considerate, lofty" lyrical, (dz) ̰ ִ livid,"(Ÿڻ Ǻ )Ǫ; ; ݳ(enraged) a. lead-colored; black and blue; enraged ; Ǫ; ݳ His face was so livid with rage that we were afraid that he might have an attack of apoplexy. г â 츮 װ ұ . [+] ashen, pallid, wan" listless," Ű ʴ; a. too tired to show interest or do anything / lacking in spirit or energy ½, Ű ʴ, / , Ű ʴ When a normally bright and active child becomes so listless , we must suspect that she is ill. ; We had expected him to be full of enthusiasm and were surorised by his litless attitude. ϰ Ȱ ̰ ɸ ǽؾ Ѵ. ; 츮 װ Ƿ ٷµ Ű ʴ µ . [+] lackadaisical, languid" limpid,"( ) ; (ü) a. clear; lucid A limpid stream ran through his property.; There was only one cloud in an otherwise limpid sky. ó 귶. [+] pellucid, translucent; [-] turbid(帰)" libel, Ѽ ߻; Ǵ lethargy,ȥ; Ȱġ jargon,"Ư ; ; n. language used by special group; gibberish ; Ⱦ We tried to understand the jargon of the peddlers in the marketplace but could not find any basis for comprehension. 츮 ε  Ϸ ظ ʿ  ͵ ãƳ . [+] argot, cant" ironic,"񲿴 dz ݾ a. resulting in an unexpected and contray manner ݾ It is ironic that his success came when he least wanted it. װ Դٴ ̷ϴ." irascible," a. irritable; easily angered ; ȭ Her irascible temper frightened me. ׳ ȭ ߴ. [+] choleric, fractious, peevish, petulant, touchy" invidious," Ž ; ɳ ϴ; malaise a. in(=in, on, against) + vid(=look) likely to cause ill-feeling because of real or apparent injustice / designed to create ill will or envy [ Ǵ ǥ ҰϿ] Ž, The question she asked was not an honest request for information but an invidious effort to embarrass and discredit the speaker. ; We disregarded her invidious remarks because we realized how jealous she was. ׳డ ϰ ij 䱸ϴ ƴ϶ 縦 Ȳϰ ϰ õ. ; 츮 ׳డ 󸶳 ñ ˱ ׳ Ž ߾ 츮 ߴ. [+] hateful, obnoxious, odious" intimate,"... ߴ Ͻϴ; ģ ģ v. hint Ͻϴ She intimated rather than stated her preferences. ׳ ϴ ǥ ʰ ߾. [+] allude, connote, imply, insinuate" insular," ټ a. like an island; narrow-minded ; The insularity of the islanders manifested itself in their suspicion of anything foreign. ܺο Ϳ ǽ Ȯ." insolent,"Ÿ ŵ巰Ÿ a. haughty and contemptuous Ÿ I resent your insolent manner. Ÿ µ ϴ. [+] domineering, haughty, imperious, overweening, supercilious, impertinent" insipid," ̰ſ Ȱ ̰ a. tasteless; dull ; I am bored by your insipid talk. ̾߱⿡ . [+] flavorless, savorless, tasteless, unpalatable" insinuate," ġ ϴ(hind) v. in(=in) + sinu(=curve) make a way for oneself or something gently and craftily ; suggest unpleasantly and indirectly / hint; imply  ϴ ; ϴ / ɾִ; Why don't you say openly what is on your mind instead of insinuating such vile chrages against me? ; What are you trying to insinuate by the remark? ׷ ϴ ӿ ִ ʽϱ? ; ߾ ϽϷ ϴ°? [+] allude, connote, intimate" innate,"Ÿ õ a. in(=in) + nat(=to be born) existing naturally rather than acquired ; existing as an inherent attribute / inborn Ÿ ; õ,õ / õ Only when we tried to carry out the plan did its innate defects become evident to us. ; His innate talent for music was soon recognized by his parents. 츮 ȹ õϷ 츮 и. ; Ÿ θ鿡 ̽ĵǾ. [+] congenital, congenital, inherent, intrinsic" infringe,"... ϴ (Ǹ) ħϴ break infringe breach v. violate; encroach ϴ; ħϴ I think your machine infringes on my patent and I intend to sue. 谡 Ư㸦 ħߴٰ ϹǷ ̴. [+] breach, contravene, offend, transgress" infamous,"ġ ķġ Ǹ ; ; a. in(=not) + fam < fa(=say) disgraceful ; having a bad reputation ; wicked / notoriously bad Ҹ ; Ǹ ; / Ǹ ; â For some years Benedict Arnold served heroically in the American Revolution, but then he disgraced his name for all time by an infamous act of treason. ; Jesse James was an infamous outlaw. Benedict Arnold ص ̱£ 밨ϰ ο ״ Ǹ ݿ ̸ ǰ ߴ. ; ӽ Ǹ ڴ. [+] notorious, opprobrious" inexorable,"뼭 Ȥ a. in(=not) + ex(=out) + or(=say) that cannot be moved or influenced by persuasion or entreaty ; unyielding / relentless; implacable ,Ȥ ; ʴ / We begged him to reconsider his dicision, but he remained inexorable . ; After listening to the pleas for clemency, the judge was inexorable and gave the convicted man the maximum punishment allowed by law. ; After listening to the pleas for clemency, the judge was inexorable and gave the convicted man the maximum punishment allowed by law. ϵ û ״ ʾҴ . ; ó ޶ ȣҸ ǻ Ȥϰ ϴ ִ ߴ. ; ó ޶ ȣҸ ǻ Ȥϰ ϴ ִ ߴ. [+] adamant, inflexible, obdurate, adamant, inflexible, obdurate" ineradicable, ֱ +eradicable eradicate incursion,"ħ incursive n. temporary invasion ħ; The nightly incursions and hit-and-run raids of our neighbors across the border tried the patience of the country to the point where we decided to retaliate in force. Ѿ 츮 ̿鿡, ߹㿡 ħѴٰų ߴٰ ޾Ƴ ݵ Ա 츮 ٸ ߴ. [+] foray, raid; [-] retreat(, )" incumbent,"1. 2. ǹ ִ n.a. in(=on) + cumb(=lie) person holding an official position / pressing as a duty ; lying or resting with its weight on something else / officeholder ִ ,, / ǹμ ; ,ϴ; Of the ten Congressional seats in our state, only one was won by a new member; all the other winners were incumbents . ; The newly elected public official received valuable advice from the present incumbent. 츮 Ͽ Ǽ  ڸ ߰ 缱ڵ ǿ̾. ; ڷκ ." incongruous,"︮ ʴ ȭ a. not fitting; absurd ; ո There remarks do not have any relationship to the problem at hand; they are incongruous and should be stricken from the record. ߾ 巡 ƹ . װ͵ յڰ ʾƼ Ͽ Ǿ Ѵ. [+] conflicting, disconsonant, discordant, discrepant, dissonant, incompatible, incongruent, inconsonant" incisive,"īο ģ Ŷ a. in(=in, into) + cis(=cut) sharp and cutting ; acute ; clear-cut; crisp; trenchant īο,Ŷ ; [ ,]ΰ ; / In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln asked a few incisive question that showed up the fatal weaknesses in his opponent's position. ; His incisive remarks made us see the fallacy in our plans.; After such incisive criticism from the press, it is doubtful that the city coundil will approve the project. Lincoln Douglas п Lincoln ġ  Ŷ ߴ. ; ߾ 츮 ȹ ˰ Ǿ. [+] biting, penetrating, trenchant" incessant,"Ӿ ܾ a. in(=not) + ces (=go) continuous ; not stopping ; often repeated / uninterrupted; without interruption; continuous Ӿ ; ĥ ; Ǯ Ǵ / ĥ HIs feverish and incessant activity cannot hide the fact that he dosen't know what he is doing. ; The crickets kept up an incessant chirping which disturbed our attempts to fall asleep.; After a week of incessant rain, the river overflowed its banks. ̰ Ӿ Ȱ ڱⰡ ϰִ 𸥴ٴ . ; ͶѶ̰ 뼭 츮 . [+] ceaseless, continuous, everlasting, interminable, perpetual, unceasing" incandescent,"鿭 a. strikingly bright; shining with intense heat , If you leave on an incandescent light bulb, it quickly grows too hot to touch. ѵ ä дٸ װ ʹ ߰ſ մ ȴ. [+] brilliant, effulgent, fulgent, lambent, lucent, luminous, radiant, refulgent" inane,"  ֺ a. silly; senseless ; Such comments are inane because they do not help us solve our problem. ׷ 츮 ذϴµ ȵDZ ǹ̰ . [+] asinine, fatuous" inadvertent, Ȧ insouciant impromptu," غ n.a. im < in(=not) + pro(=before) + mpt < empt(=take) improvisation ; an promptu speech,performance,etc. / without preparation or advance thought / without previous preparation; without preparation; unrehearsed; extempore ; N[,] / غ,<λ>N / N Far from being impromptu , all those jokes and wisecracks you hear on TV talk shows are usually prepared by professional gag writers and are carefully rehearshed. ; Her listeners were amazed that such a thorough presentation could be made in an impromptu speech.; Since he did not have time to prepare a talk, his comments were completely impromptu. TV ũ쿡 N ϴ ƴ϶ ۰ غؼ DZ ͵̴. ; ׳ ûڵ ׷ ǥ ̶ ǿ . [+] extemporaneous, improvised, offhand; [-] carefully rehearsed( )" impoverish,1.... ϰ ϴ 2. ( )ϰ ϴ ϽŰ implement," ϴ(to carry out) ִ ʿ ִ n.v. im < in(=in) + ple(=fill) tool or instrument for working with / carry an undertaking, agreement, promise into effect / suppy what is needed; furnish with tools , / <<, , >> ϴ / ʿ ϴ; ϴ / ǽϴ; () In your training course for dental assistant, you will become familiar with many of the implements that dentists use. ; I am unwilling to implement this plan until I have assurances that it has the full approval of your officials. ġ Ʒð ġǻ ϴ ģ ̴. ; Ѵٴ Ȯ ȹ ϰ ʴ. [+] complete, fulfill" immigrate,ؿ idiom," ( ) n. special usage in language I could not understand their idiom because literal translation made no sense. ״ ؼ ƹ ǹ̵ ߱ ׵  ." ideology," ̵÷α n. ideas of a group people ϴ ̳; ̵÷α That ideology is dangerous to this country because it embraces undemocratic philosophies. ̳ ö ϰ ־ 轺. [+] credo, creed" heresy,"̴ ̱ n. opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion contrary to accepted reli ̱; ̴ He was threatened with excommunication because his remarks were considered to be pure heresy. ״ ڱ ߾ ̶̱ Ĺ ̶ ηߴ. [+] dissent, unorthodoxy" heinous,"ؾ ӻ a. atrocious; hatefully bad ; Hitler's heinous crimes will never be forgotten. Ʋ ؾ ˴ ̴. [+] desperate, monstrous" habituate,... ̴ ͼϰ ϴ guise,"ܰ ܾ Ѻ Ǻ n. appearance; costume ܸ, ܰ In the guise of a blumber, the detective investigated the murder case. ʿ ǿ ΰ ã ߴ. [+] semblance" guile,"Ȱ ݽ å n. deceit; duplicity ⸸, Ȱ She achieved her high position by guile and treachery. ׳ Ȱ԰ . [+] craftiness, cunning, trickery" grandiose," üϴ ŵ帧 ǿ a. imposing; impressive , λ His grandiose manner impressed those who met him for the first time. µ ׸ ó 鿡Դ λ̾. [+] majestic, stately" grandiloquent,"ȣ ϴ ϴ a. pompous; bombastic; using high-sounding language , dz The politician could never speak simply; she was always grandiloquent. ġ ܼ . ȣ̾. [+] magniloquent, rhetorical" ghastly,"ù () a. causing horror or fear ; death-like, pale and ill ; very unsatisfactory or unpleasant / horrible , Ҹġ ; 尰, ۾ ; ϰ , I shall never forget the ghastly sight that greeted us when we arrived at the scene of the accident. ; The murdered man was a ghastly sight. 忡 츮 Ҵ ̴. ; ص Ⱑ ùߴ. [+] grisly, gruesome, lurid, macabre, terrible" genteel,"ǰ ִ ; Ѵ; a. well-bred; elegant ; ǰִ We are looking for a man with a genteel appearance who can inspire confidence by his cultivated manner. 츮 ִ µ ڽŰ ġ ܸ ڸ ã ִ. [+] cultured, graceful, polished, refined, urbane" genre,"帣 ; dzȭ n. style of art illustrating scenes of common life dzȭ; , 帣 His painting of fisher folk at their daily tasks is an excellent illustration of genre art. ε ۾ ׸ dz Ǹ . [+] category" gastronomy,"̽Ĺ 丮 culinary n. science of preparing and serving good food ̽Ĺ One of the by-products of his trip to Europe was his interest in gastronomy; he enjoyed preparing and serving foreign dishes to his friends. ࿡ װ λ깰 ϳ 丮 ̾. ״ ģ鿡 ܱ 丮  ϴ ߴ. [+] cuisine" galvanize,"... ڱ Ȱ ϴ ⸦ ȸŰ(revitalzie) bracing v. stimulate by shock; stir up ִ; ڱϴ The entire nation was galvanized into strong military activity by the news of the attack on Pearl Harbor. ָ Ȱ ڴ Ǿ . [+] activate, energize, motivate, provoke, vitalize" furtive," Ȱ ½ a. stealthy; secret The boy gave a furtive look at his classmate's test paper.; While they were taking a test, Peter cast a furtive glance at his friend's paper. ҳ ģ ô. [+] covert" founder,"谡 ħϴ ϴ ϴ ħŰ v. fail completely; sink / person who establishes (an oranization, business) ϴ; ħϴ / , â After hitting the submerged iceberg, the titanic started taking in water rapidly and soon foundered. ; Among those drowned when the Titanic sank was the founder of the Abraham & Straus chain. ӿ ִ εģ Ŀ ŸŸȣ ޼ӵ Ͽ ħߴ. ; ŸŸȣ ɾ ͻ ߿ ƺ԰ Ʈ콺 ڵ ־. [+] submerge, submerse, establisher, originator" forswear,... ͼ ... ͼ ϴ öȸϴ(recant) forgo,"ϴ ... ϴ v. give up ; do without; give up; do without ׸δ ; ; ׸δ, ﰡ In order to get to the movie in time they had to forgo dinner.; Determined to lose weight for the summer, Ida decided to forgo dessert until she could fit into a sixe eight again. ð ȭ ϱ ׵ ߴ .; ü ϱ ߱ ̴ٴ 8 ڱ⿡ Ʈ ʱ ߴ. [+] abandon, abdicate, relinquish, renounce,waive" flippant, ; ǹ flaunt,"ڶϴ ϴ; ϴ; 㿵 θ v. display ostentatiously ϴ She is not one of those actresses who flaunt their physical charms; she can act. ׳ ü ŷ ϴ 鿡 ȴ. [+] boast, gasconade, vaunt" flagrant,"Ǹ ؾǽ a. conspicuously wicked Ǹ / Ǹ We cannot condone such flagrant violations of the rules. ; We cannot condone such flagrant violations of the rules. 츮 ׷ ɰ Ģ 뼭 . ; 츮 ׷ ɰ Ģ 뼭 . [+] egregious, gross, heinous, notorious, egregious, gross, heinous" figurative," ; ¡; a. not literal, but metaphorical; using a figure of speech , ""To lose one's marbles"" is a figurative expression! if you're told Jack has lose his marbles, no one expects you to rush out to buy him a replacement set. ""ڱ ̸ Ҿȴ."" ǥ ̴. , ڱ ̸ Ҿȴٴ ֱ ٸ ü ο 迡 ֱ ѷ ƹ ʱ ̴. [+] allegorical, metaphorical" fidelity," ź n. fid(=trust) + el(=s.e.) + ity(=act) faithful devotion to duty or to one's obligations or vows, loyalty, faithfulness ; accuracy, exactness ,漺, ; Ȯ, Although I don't agree with all her ideas, I must admire her unshakable fidelity to them. ; A dog's fidelity to its owner is one of the reasons why that animal is a favorite household pet. ׳ 鿡 ׳ 鸮 ʴ Ǽ Īؾ Ѵ. ; ֿ ȣϴ ϳ ο 漺 ̴. [+] allegiance, devotion, faithfulness" fiat," ΰ n. command I cannot accept government by fiat; I feel that I must be consulted. ϴ δ ޾Ƶ . dz մ ο ȴٰ Ѵ. [+] decree, mandate" fetter,"ӹϴ ⸦ ä v. shackle ⸦ ä The prisoner was fettered to the wall. ˼ . [+] manacle" fecund,ٻ dz () ⸧ fallacy,׸ () ߸ facetious,"ͻ 콺ν a. humorous; jocular 콺; ͻ Your facetious remarks are not appropriate at this serious moment. ӽ ߾ ð ϴ. [+] droll, jocose, ludicrous, witty; [-] lugubrious((dismal))" exuberant," dz; ; ĥ; ( ) ȭ a. abundant; effusive; lavish dz; ġ; His speeches were famous for his exuberant language and vivid imagery. dz ַ° ִ ߴ. [+] lavish, luxuriant, opulent, profuse, prodigal" expiate,"... ϴ; ( ) ϴ amend atone v. ex(=out, intensive) + pi(=holy, tender) submit to punishment for wrongdoing ; make amends for / make amends for a sin ϴ ; <<߸>>ϴ He expiated the crime committed during his youth by a life time of service to humanity. ; He tried to expiate his crimes by a full confession to the authorities. ״ ڼ 縦 ν  ˸ ߴ . ; ״ 籹 ڹν ڽ ˸ Ϸ ߴ. [+] amend, atone, correct, rectify, redress" exemplify,"ϴ ... Ǵ v. show by example; furnish an example ϴ, ϴ Three-time winner of the super Bowl, Joe Montana exemplifies the ideal quarterback. ̱ ̽ ౸ ¿ 3ȸ Ÿ ̻ ͹ . [+] illustrate, instance" exacting," Ȥ a. extremely demanding; detaled ;meticulous Ȥ, The colonies rebelled against the exacting financial claims of the mother country.; Accounting is a very exacting profession ;there is no room for error. Ĺ Ȥ 䱸 ݹϿ. [+] burdensome, exigent, oppressive" euphemism,"ϰ n. phe(=say) use of other mild, vague and indirect words or phrases in place of what is required by truth or accuracy / mild expression! in place of an unpleasant one ϰ, ϰ / ϰ ǥ ""John"" is a euphemism for the toilet. ; The expression! ""he passed away"" is a euphemism for ""he died."" ""John"" ȭ ϰ ǥ ̴. ; ""״ "" ǥ ""״ ׾"" ǥ ϰ̴. [+] circumlocution, roundabout" espouse,"ϴ ȣϴ v. adopt; support ޾Ƶ̴, ϴ She was always ready to espouse a worthy cause. ׳ ׻ ġִ ޾Ƶ̷ Ѵ. [+] advocate, embrace" esoteric,"ɿ a. known only to the chosen few ̾; Those students who had access to his esoteric discussions were impressed by the breadth of his knowledge. ɿ ߴ л ū ޾Ҵ. [+] abstruse, hermetic, profound, recondite; [-] generally known(Ϲ ˷)" equanimity," ħ n. equ(=equal, same) + anim(=mind, life, breath) +ity(=state) calmness of mind or temper / calmness of temperament <<, >>, To bear evils with equanimity doesn't mean that you should make no effort to correct them. ; In his later years, he could look upon the foolishness of the world with equanimity and humor. ϰ ´ٴ ϱ ʾƵ ȴٴ ǹϴ ƴϴ. ; ״ ⿡ ° ӷ  ٶ ־. [+] aplomb, composure, imperturbability, phlegm, placidity, poise, sangfroid, serenity, tranquility; [-] agitation()" epigram,"汸 dzڽ n. gram(=write) breif or pointed saying ; short poem expressing an idea in amusing way / witty thought or saying, usually short 汸 ; <ª> dzڽ Benjamin Franklin was a master of the epigram . ; Poor Richard's epigrams made Benjamin Franklin famous. Benjamin Franklin 汸 밡. ; 汸 ڹ Ŭ ϰ . [+] apothegm" entrepreneur,"ûξ (Ϲ); n. businessman; contractor ; ; ; Ǿ Opponents of our present tax program argue that it discourages entrepreneurs from trying new fields of business activity. ݴϴ ε Ͽ ο о Ȱ ϰ Ѵٰ Ѵ." enormity," ؾ n. hugeness (in a bad sense) ǹ̿ û He did not realize the enormity of his crime until he saw what suffering he had caused. ״ ڽ ؾǼ ݰ ڱⰡ ˰ 󸶳 ִ ̾ ־. [+] enormousness, immensity, magnitude, tremendousness, vastness; atrociousness, atrocity, heinousness, monstrousness" endear,... ް ϴ ϴ ϰ ϴ emulation, empower,... οϴ Ƿ ϴ empiricism, (ö) emigrate,Ÿ ϴ emanate,"( Ҹ ) ߻ϴ ϴ disperse v. e < ex(=out) + man(=flow, stay) come out ; issue / issue forth <<, , Ҹ,, >> , ߻ϴ ; <<å>> / (Ⱑ) You may be sure that any directive that emanates from her office will be clear, precise, and wokable. ; A strong odor of sulphur emanated from the spring. ׳ 繫ǿ  õ иϰ Ȯϰ ٴ Ȯص . ; Ȳ dz. [+] emit, exude, issue" elite,ߵ effusion,"() 糪 (ù) n. pouring forth ; The critics objected to her literary effusion because it was too flowery. ǰ ׳ ǥ ʹ ̻ ĵǾ ִٰ ߴ. [+] ejection, emanation, emission, extrusion" ecosystem,° ecclesiastical,ȸ ebb,"买 ; emaciate v. recede; lessen پ, / ϴ His fortunes began to ebb during the Recession. Ұ ߴ. [+] abate, moderate, relent, subside, wane" duress," ; n. forcible restraint, especially unlawfully ҹ The hostages were held under duress until the prisoners' demands were met. ˼ 䱸 ޾Ƶ鿩 ־. [+] coercion, compulsion, constraint" duplicity,"ǥε Ҽ ߺ cf) duplication duplicate a n纻 v n. double-dealing; hypocrisy ߼; ǥε People were shocked and dismayed when they learned of his duplicity in this affair, as he had always seemed honest and straightforward. װ ׻ ϰ ùٸ Ͽ Ÿ ߼ ˰ ݰ Ȥ . [+] deceit, guile" downplay,... ߽ ʴ 躸 doldrums,"ħü ü n. blues; listlessness;slack period , ħ Once the excitement of meeting her deadline was over, she found herself in the doldrums. ߾ٴ ׳ ڱ ڽ Կ ˾Ҵ. [+] dejection, depression" dogmatic," ; a. positive; arbitrary ; / Do not be so dogmatic about that statement; it can be easily refuted. ؼ ׷ . װ ݹ ִ. [+] authoritarian, authoritative, dictative, dictatorial, doctrinaire" distinct, Ư Ȯ ѷ dissipate,"߸ ϴ ϴ ϼϴ v. squander ϴ The young man quickly dissipated his inheritance and was soon broke. û Ͽ Ļߴ. [+] fritter" disclaim,"ϴ ϴ ϴ v. dis(=not) + claim(=cry) give up ; reject ; deny / disown; renounce claim to ϴ ; ϴ ; ϴ / Ǹ ϴ Rather than disclaim their religious faiths,many Catholics,Protestants,and Jews left Europe to settle in the New World. ; If I grant you this privilege, will you disclaim all other rights? , ű ±ε ׵ ž ⺸ٴ ż迡 ϱ . ; ſ Ư ָ Ǹ ΰ? [+] disavow, disown, repudiate" derogatory,"ջŰ ġ ߸; a. de(=down) + rog(=ask) tending to damage or take away from one's credit, etc. ; insulting / expressing a low opinion < >ջŰ ; / ǰ , ǰ ջŰ The public will not readily accept an intensive investigation designed to turn up derogatory information about so popular a figure. ; I resent your derogatory remarks. ׷ ι Ѽ ִ ߾ 縦 Ϲ ޾ ̴. ; ǰ ջŰ ߾ аѴ. [+] depreciative, depreciatory, detracting, disparaging, pejorative" deploy,"()ϴ v. bring (forces, arguments, etc.) into effective action 븦 Ű; ġϴ The general ordered the battalion to deploy in order to meet the offensive of the enemy. 屹 ݿ óϱ 븦 ġŰ ߴ." demur,"Ǹ ϴ ݴϴ v. delay; object ϴ; ݴϴ Do not demur at my request. 䱸 ݴ ÿ." demeanor,"ൿ ǰ behavior n. de(=intensive) + mean < men(=lead) way of behaving / behavior; bearing µ,ǰ / ; Her gracious demeanor put them at ease. ; His sober demeanor quieted the noisy revelers. ׳ µ ׵ ϰ ߴ. ; پ µ ò ۵ . [+] bearing, behavior, comportment, conduct, mien" demagogue," ġ n. person who appeals to people's prejudice; false leader of people ; He was accused of being a demagogue because he made promises which aroused futile hopes in his listeners. ״ ûڵ鿡 ϴ ӵ ߱ 񳭹޾Ҵ. [+] agitator, fomenter, inciter, instigator" dejected,ϴ Ǯ״ degenerate,"ϴ ; Ÿϴ; ȭϴ; ϴ v. become worse; deteriorate ϴ, Ÿϴ As the fight dragged on, the champion's style degenerated until he could barely keep on his feet. ºΰ èǾ Ÿ ٸ . [+] decline, deprave, descend, deteriorate, retrograde, vitiate" defame, Ѽϴ ϴ deduce,ϴ ߷ϴ; ã 踦 debacle," ü ; ȫ n. breaking up; downfall ; This debacle in the government can only result in anarchy. ش ¸ ʷ ִ. [+] breakdown, collapse, crash; [-] complete success( )" daunt,"... ⼼ ϰ ϴ v. intimidate ̳ ϴ Your threats cannot daunt me. ̳ ʴ. [+] appall, dismay, horrify, intimidate" cursory," ǻ 밭밭 a. curs(=run) + ory(=relating to) quick ; hurried ; done without attention to details / casual; hastily done <<,>> ; θ ; Ǹ ʴ / ӽ; ϰ ̷, ӱ ""I was so pressed for time that I couldn't give the lengthy report more than a cursory reading"", the busy executive confessed. ; A cursory examination of the ruins indicates the possibility of arson; a more extensive study should be undertaken. ""ð ʹ ˹ؼ ѷ д ̻ ڼ 帱 ϴ."" ٻ ߿ ߴ. ; ظ 밭 ȭ ɼ ִ. 簡 Ǿ ϰڴ. [+] shallow, superficial" curmudgeon,"ɼ μ n. churlish, miserly individual 뷩; μ Although he was regarded by many as a curmudgeon, a few of us were aware of the many kindnesses and acts of charity which he secretly performed. ״ 鿡 ؼ 뷩̷μ ֵǾ 츮 װ и ģ ڼ ˾Ҵ." curb,... ϴ ϴ; ; () 簥 cryptic," ź񽺷(mysterious); ⿡ ˸ a. mysterious; hidden; secret; secret;hidden ź; ߾; His cryptic remarks could not be interpreted.; Even after the cast is removed from your foot,the doctor recommeds that you continue to use crutches for a few days. ߾ ؼ . [+] abstruse, enigmatic, mysterious; [-] self-explanatory(ڱ )" criterion,"ǥ Թ n. standard used in judging Ǵܿ Ǵ When criteria did you use when you selected this essay as the prizewinner? ִ°?" coterie," ģ Ŭ; ׷ n. group that meets socially; select circle ; After his book had been published, he was invited to join the literary coterie that lunched daily at the hotel. å ǵ Ŀ ״ ȣڿ Դ ӿ ϵ û ޾Ҵ. [+] clique" copious,"dz dz; 뷮 a. plentiful She had copious reasons for rejecting the proposal. ׳ ź ־. [+] abundant, ample, bounteous, bountiful, plenteous" convolution, ȸ conundrum,"(ͻ콺 峭 ϴ); ι n. riddle; difficult problem During the long car ride, she invented conundrums to entertain the children. ð Ÿ ϴ ׳ ̵ ̰ ֱ  ߴ. [+] enigma, mystery, puzzle, riddle" contumely,"( µ) ( ) n. scornful insolence; insult Ҽ, ; The ""proud man's contumely"" is distasteful to Hamlet. ""ڸ "" ܸ ȾѴ." contrite,"ȸ ȸ a. con(=intensive, together) + trit(=rub) filled with deep sorrow for wrongdoing / penitent ȸϴ,߸ ġ / ȸϴ If you had paid some attention to my warning in the first place, ther would be no need for you to be contrite now. ; Her contrite tears did not influence the judge when he imposed sentence. ó ణ Ǹ ￴ ĥ ʿ䰡 ٵ. ; ׳డ ȸ ǻ簡 ΰ ƹ ⵵ ġ ߴ. [+] compunctious, penitent, remorseful, repentant" construe,"ؼϴ ߷ϴ v. explain; interpret ϴ; ؼϴ If I construe your remarks correctly, you disagree with the theory already advanced. ߾ Ȯ ؼ ̹ ִ ̷п ʴ . [+] explicate, expound" conservatory,½ Ĺ; ̼б б; մ conjugal,"κ() ȥ() a. pertaining to marriage ȥ Their dreams of conjugal bliss were shattered as soon as their temperaments clashed. ׵ ȥ ູ ޵ ׵ 巯 . [+] connubial, marital, matrimonial, nuptial" confidant,"( о ִ) (ģ) ģ n. trusted friend ģ ģ he had no confidants with whom he could discuss his problems at home. ״ δ ڱ ׷ ģ ģ . [+] acquaintance, friend, intimate" concomitant,"ϴ ϴ ϴ; μϴ () μ n.a. con(=together) + comit(=companion) +ant(=having the quality of) accompanying thing / accompanying / that which accompanies μ / ϴ, μ / λ깰 Lack of consideration for other people is an unfortunate concomitant of his driving ambition. ; Culture is not always a concomitant of wealth. ٸ 鿡 ߸ λ깰 ̴. ; ȭ ݵ λ깰 ƴϴ. [+] accompaniment, companion" concoct,"... ڼ ϴ ϴ ٸ系; ϴ v. con(=together) + coct(=cook) prepare by mixing together ; invent a story, and excuse, a plot, etc. / prepare by combining; make up in concert; to device; to invent  ,ϴ ; ٸ系,ϴ / Ḧ  ; Henri, the master chef, has concocted a dessert so rich and so delicious that it will be a menace to hundreds of weight conscious Americans. ; How did the inventive chef ever concoct such a strange dish?; He tried to conceal his identity by disguising his voice. 丮 Henri ſ 簡 dzϰ ִ Ʈ ̰ ü ϴ ̱ε鿡 ̴. ; 丮簡  ׷ ̻ ? [+] contrive, devise, invent" compunction," å Ÿ; ħ; () ȸ n. com < con(=intensive) + punct(=prick) uneasiness of conscience ; feeling of regret for one's action / remorse å ; ħ / ȸ Because her misconduct was deliberate, we have no feeling of compunction in sentencing her to ten days of detention. ; The judge was especially severe in his sentencing because he felt that the criminal had shown no compunction for his heinous crime. ׳ ̾ ׳࿡ 10ϰ ó µ 츮 å ʴ´. ; ǻ ڰ ڱ ˿ å ʴ´ٰ ߱ ־ Ư ߴ. [+] contrition, penance, penitence, punctilious, remorse, repentance, rue, scrupulousness" compromise,"Ÿ 纸 ȭ () v. adjust; endanger the interests or reputation of Ÿϴ,ϴ; ( ſ )·Ӱ ϴ / ȭ; ·Ӱϴ Your presence at the scene of the dispute compromises our claim to neutrality in this matter. 忡 ν 츮 ߸ ǵ ȴ. [+] endanger, hazard, imperil, jeopard, jeopardize, jeopardy, menace, peril" composed,ħ compelling,"... a. overpowering; irresistible in effect , The prosecutor presented a well-reasoned case, but the defense attorney's compelling arguments for leniency won over the jury. ˻ Ÿ ǰ ȣ ٶ ǻ縦 Ű Ҵ." commiserate,"... (ϰ) óοϴ ... ϴ v. com < con(=intensive) + miser(=pity) feel or show sorrow for / feel or express pity or sympathy for / ų ǥϴ Only someone who has suffered from bursitis can fully commiserate with me when I am in the throes of an acute attack. ; Her friends commiserated with the widow. ׳ ξ ִ ִ . ; ģ ̸ ߴ. [+] compassionate, sympathize" cohort, Ƹ; ׷ cogent," Ű a. co(=together) + g < ag(=drive, do) having a powerful appeal to the mind / convincing ִ / ׷, We found her criticism of our conduct unpleasant, but we had to admit that her remarks were cogent and to the point. ; She presented cogent arguments to the jury.; The hijackers tried to coerce the crew into cooperating with them. 츮 ൿ ׳ ϴٰ ׳ ְ ִٴ . ; ׳ ɿ Ȯ ִ ߴ. [+] convincing, persuasive, solid, valid" coddle,"... ϰ ٷ ̷ ⸣; ϰ ڶ v. treat with great care and tenderness ; pamper / treat gently; ϰ ⸣ ; ޾ִ / ̷ Ű Children who are used to being coddled at home sometimes find it hard to get used to school discipline. ; Don't coddle the children so much; they need a taste of discipline. µ ͼ ̵ б Ȱ ͼ ٴ ˰ ȴ. ; ̵ ʹ ̷ Ű ; ʿϴ." clout,չٴ (ǥ) clone,Ȱ ; ; () clique," Ĺ n. small exclusive group ; Ĺ She charged that a clique had assumed control of school affairs. ׳ Ĺ г Ͽ Ϳ ߴ. [+] coterie" cliche," ǥ n. phrase dulled in meaning by repetition ǥ High school compositions are often marred by such cliches as ""strong as an ox."" б л ۹ 'Ȳó '  ν . [+] banality, commonplace, platitude, prosaism" circumscribe,".. ѷ ߴ 輱 ߴ; ϴ Ѱ踦 ϴ; ϴ v. scrib(=write) restrict ; draw a line around / limit; confine Ѱ踦 ϴ, ϴ ; ѷ ߴ / Ű It was necessary to circunscribe the toddler's play area. ; Although I do not wish to circumscribe your activities, I must insist that you complete this assignment before you start anything else. Ʊ Ѱ踦 ϴ ʿߴ. ; ϰ  ϱ ݵ Ѵٰ Ѵ. [+] confine, fetter, restrict" chortle,ȥڼ ųųŸ ⻵ϴ chastise,"¡ϴ ¡ϴ; ϴ v. punish óϴ I must chastise you for this offense. ̷ Ͽ óؾ Ѵ. [+] castigate, chastise, punish" charisma," Ǵ; ŷ n. divine gift; great popular charm or appeal of a political leader õ ; ġ ŷ̳ ȣҷ Political commentators have deplored the importance of a candidate's charisma in these days of television campaigning. ġ а ڷ ĺڰ ī ߿伺 ؼ źϿ. [+] charm, fascination" chagrin," n. vexation; disappointment , , ; Ǹ Her refusal to go with us filled us with chagrin. װ 츮 Բ ⸦ ߱ 츮 ſ Ǹߴ. [+] mortification" cavil,"Ʈ v. make frivolous objections ǰ ݴϴ, Ʈ I respect your sensible criticisms, but I dislike the way you cavil about unimportant details. ġִ λױ ݴϴ ȾѴ. [+] carp, dissent" catalyst,"˸ n. lys(=to loose) a combination which starts a reaction / agent which brings about a chemical change while it remains unchanged ˸ Many chemical reactions cannot take place without the presence of a catalyst . ; Many chemical reactions cannot take place without the presence of a catalyst. ȭ ˸ ̴ Ͼ . ; ȭ ˸ž Ͼ ." castigate,"åϴ Ȥϴ; ¡ϴ; ġ ÷ϴ v. cast(=pure) + ig(=drive) + ate(=make) punish severely with blows or by criticizing; to reprove <<ų ¢>>¡ϴ / óϴ In Gulliver's Travels and other books, Jonathan Swift castigated the human race for its follies and wickedness. ; Sensitive seven to mild criticism, Woolf could not bear the castigation which she found in certain reviews.; Early every morning the fishmen cast their nets into the sea. Gulliver ٸ å鿡 Jonathan Swift ΰ  Կ ؼ ΰ ¢ . ; 򿡵 ΰ߱  п ߰ Ȥ . [+] chastise" careen,"ڱ ٲٴ;( Ŀ꿡) ;(踦)← û()ϴ v. lurch; sway from side to side ̴; ƲŸ ȴ the taxicab careened wildly as it rounded the corner. ýð ̸ ٰ ϰ . [+] stagger" capitulate,"׺ϴ ִ v. cap(=head) + itul(=s.e.) + ate(=make) surrender on stated condition <<Ǻη>> ׺ϴ Completely surrounded at Yorktown by American and French forces, Cornwallis had no choice but to capitulate . ; The enemy was warned to capitulate or face annihilation. Yorktown ̱ ձ Ǿ Cornwallis 屺 ׺ ۿ . ; ϵ ƴϸ ޵ ϵ ޾Ҵ. [+] submit, succumb, yield" capitalism,ں cant," ; recant-öȸϴ n. jargon of thieves; pious phraseology ϵ ; Many listeners were fooled by the cant and hypocrisy of his speech. ûڵ ߴ." canon, Թ calumny," ߻ n. malicious misrepresentation; slander ; ; ߻ He could endure his financial failure, but he could not bear the calumny that his foes heaped upon him. ״ д ߵ ־ ش 濡 . [+] belittlement, defamation, depreciation, detraction, disparagement, slander" callous,"(Ǻΰ) ô a. hardened; unfeeling (Ǻΰ), ; ,ô He had worked in the hospital for so many years that he was callous to the suffering in the wards. ״ ǿ ߱ ǿ 뿡 . [+] uncompassionate, unemotional, unsympathetic" byzantine,ƾ Ƽ( ) brouhaha,Ҷ ҵ ò brawn," Ϸ n. muscular strength; sturdiness ^ , It takes brawn to become a champion weight-lifter. èǾ Ǵµ ʿϴ. [+] might" bracing,...  ϴ ϰ ϴ galvanize bona, ִ bombast, ; blatant,"Ҷ a. loudly offensive Ҷ, I regard your remarks as blatant and ill-mannered. ߾ ǰ ̶ Ѵ. [+] boisterous, clamorous, obstreperous, vociferous" bilious," ٷο irasible choleric a. suffering from indigestion; irritable ȭ ȵǴ; ٷο His bilious temperament was apparent to all who heard him rant about his difficulties. װ ڽ ó ϴ δ װ ̰ ϴٴ ˾Ҵ. [+] fetful, irascible, peevish, petulant, testy, touchy" bemused,"ϰ ϴ ... a. confused; lost in thought; preoccupied , ̳ Jill studied the garbled instructions with a bemused look on her face. ǥ ߸ о. [+] absentminded, distrait" belie," ϴ ̴ v. give a wrong or untrue idea of ; fail to justify or be equal to what is hoped for or promised / contradict; give a false impression ׸ ϴ ; <, > , 巯 / ݵǴ Her behavior belied her story. ; His coarse, hard-bitten exterior belied his innate sensitivity. ׳ µ ׳ ̾߱Ⱑ 巯 . ; ĥ ܸ Ÿ ݵȴ. [+] contradict, contravene, controvert; [-] aver(Ȯϴ)" begrudge,"û; ʴ ֱ Ⱦϴ wistful v. resent Ʊϴ I begrudge every minute I have to spend attending meetings. ȸ Һؾ ϴ ̰ Ʊ." bastion,"() ɺ n. fortress; defense , Once a bastion of democracy, under its new government the island became a dictatorship. Ѷ Ƽ̾ ο Ͽ ġ Ȳ Ǿ. [+] bulwark, rampart" bane," ؾ ĸ n. cause of ruin , ؾ Lack of public transportation is the bane of urban life. ü Ȱ ĸ ٿ̴. [+] poison, venom" balm," (Ű). n. something that relieves pain Friendship is the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love. ִ Ǹ . [+] analgesic, anodyne, paregoric" avow,"ϴ ϴ v. declare openly ϴ, ϴ I must avow that I am innocent. ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] affirm, assert, asseverate, aver, avouch, testify" augur,ġ ... ̴ assuage,"Ű ׷߸ v. ease; lessen pain; to ease to lessen ϰ ϴ; ̴ Your messages of cheer should assuage her suffering.; His insurance company estimates his assets at over three million dollars. ݷ ޽ ׳ ̴. [+] allay, appease, mitigate, mollify, pacify, placate, propitiate, relieve, soothe; [-] intensify(ȭϴ)" assimilate,"ȭϴ ȭϴ ȭϴ ϴ; ϴ v. as < ad(=to, near) + simil(=same) cause someone to be like others in customs, etc. ; compare with ; digest ; understand fully / absorb; cause to become homogeneous ȭŰ ; ϴ ; ȭϴ ; ϴ / ϴ; ȭϴ The United States was able to assimilate millions of immigrants from all over the world who made valuable contributions to their new country. ; The manner in which the United States was able to assimilate the hordes of immigrants during the nineteenth and the early part of the twentieth centuries will always be a source of pride. ̱ 谮ó 鸸 ̹ε ȭų ־, ̵ ׵ ο ߴ. ; 19C 20Cʱ ̱ ̹ ܰ ȭ ־ ںν ٿ ̴. [+] imbibe, incorporate" ascetic,"ݿ ݿ a. practicing self-denial; austere ϴ; , ݿ The wealthy young man could not understand the ascetic life led by the monks. ̴ µ ݿ . [+] abstemious, abstinent, astringent, austere, stern" ascertain,"Ȯϴ ( θ) ˾Ƴ v. as < ad(=to) + cert(=sure) find out in order to be certain about ; get to know / find out for certain Ȯϴ ; ˾Ƴ / Ȯ ˾Ƴ Instead of making an ""informed guess"", why not ascertain exactly how many students are going on the Easter trip to Washington. ; Please ascertain her present address. ""ִٰ "" Ȯϰ л Ȱ ް Ȯ ʴϱ? ; ּҸ Ȯ ּ. [+] discover" ascendancy," ֵ n. controlling influence , 켼 President Marcos failed to maintain his ascendancy over the Philippines. ڽ ʸ 켼 ϴµ ߴ. [+] dominance, preeminence, preponderance" arbitrary," (random) a. ar(=to) + bit < bat(=go) + r(=s.e.) + ary(=relating to) based on opinion or impulse only, not on reason ; dictatorial ; using despotic power / fixed or decided; , ; ; Ⱦ / , ڴ Mr. Ruggles claimed that the policewoman had been arbitrary in giving him a parking ticket while ignoring other cars on the street. ; Any arbitrary action on your part will be resented by the members of the board whom you do not consult. Ruggles 濡 ִ ٸ üϰ ׿ ȣ ߺ ̶ ߴ. ; ൿ dz аϰ ̴. [+] autocratic, despotic, monocratic" appropriate," ︮ Ư; ϴ ϴ a.v. acquire; take possession of for one's own use; suitable ϴ, ϴ, ϴ / ; The ranch owners appropriated the lands that had originally been set aside for the lndians' use.; Appraisal of their new house. ִ ε ξ ߴ. [+] arrogate, commandeer, confiscate, seize; [-] surrender(Ѱִ, 絵ϴ)" apportion,Ҵϴ ϴ allocation allot appendage,μӹ ÷ appalling,Ҹġ ; appellate-׼ϴ compell-ϴ apotheosis,"Űȭ n. theo(=God) deification ; release from earthly life / glorification Űȭ ; ż / Ī Some tyrants believed that they had apotheosis during medieval! age. ; The apotheosis of a Roman emperor was designed to insure his eternal greatness. ߼⿡  ׵ Ű ִٰ Ͼ. ; θ Ȳ Űȭ ϱ . [+] dignification, exaltation, lionization" apostasy, Ż treacher apocryphal,"( ǰ )ڳ Ű ǽɽ; (Ϲ) ¥ a. cryph < crypt relating to the apocryphal ; not genuine / sham , ܼ ; ¥, / Many tales of the old West are apocryphal . ; Her apocryphal tears misled no one. ̾߱ ٸ糽 ̴. ; ׳ ƹ Ȥų . [+] bogus, counterfeit, forged, phony, spurious, ungenuine; [-] authenticated()" apartheid, antipodal, ݴ ݴ antecedent, ; ; ռ animosity," n. anim(=mind, breath, life) + os(=s.e.) + ity(=state) strong dislike or active enmity <<>>, , / Yes, there is some animosity between different racial and ethnic groups, but it can be overcome by education and experience. ; He incurred the animosity of the ruling class because he advocated limitations of their power. ٸ ܵ鰣 մ ̳ ̰ غ ִ. ; ״ Ƿ ϱ⸦ ߱ ׵κ 밨 ״. [+] animus, antagonism, enmity, hostility" anecdote,"ȭ ; ȭ anecdote - n. an(=not) + ec < ex(=out) + dot(=give) short or usually amusing and instructive story about some real person or event ; little-known, entertaining facts of history / short account of an amusing or interesting event <ַ pl.>ȭ,ϻ, ; / I found his anecdotes amusing, but I fail to see what connection they have with the central ideas of his talk. ; Rather than make concrete proposals for welfare reform, President Reagan told anecdotes about poor people who became wealthy despite their impoverished backgrounds. ȭ ִٴ װ ̾߱ ִ 𸥴. ; ̰ å ü ȹ ȯ ȭ ̾. [+] tale" amnesty," Ư; ϴ n. a < an(=not, without) + mne(=remember) a general pardon especially for political offenses against a government ,,Ư / Instead of brooding so much about the wrongs that people have done you in the past, I suggest that you declare a personal amnesty and start thinking about the future. ; When his first child was born, the king granted amnesty to all in prison. ſ ſ ߸ ׷ 뼭 ϰ ̷ ϵ մϴ. ; ù Ƶ ¾ ˼ ߴ. [+] absolution" amiable,"ȣ ִ ֱ ִ a. am(=love, friendly) + i(=s.e.) + able(=capable of) good-tempered ; kind-hearted ; easy and pleasant to talk to / agreeable; lovable ; ģ ; / ȣ ִ He is so skillful in dealing with people that he can seem amiable even when he is refusing to give them what they want. ; His amiable disposition pleased all who had dealings with him. ״ ٷ ɼؼ ׵ ϴ ֱ⸦ ź ִ . ; ׿ ŷ ϴ ̰ ߴ. [+] complaisant, courteous, lenient" alloy,"ձ ȥչ n. a mixture as of metals ձ Alloys of gold are used more frequently than the pure metal. ձ ݺ ȴ." aggregate," ϴ Ѱ谡 ... Ǵ a. sum: total հ: ü, Ѱ The aggregate wealth of this country is staggering to the imagination. ü δ ʹ Ŀ ʿѴ. [+] gross, inclusive, overall, whole; [-] isolated units( )" affluent,dz affinity," ģȭ n. af < ad(=to, near) + fin(=end) a close relationship ; likeness ; strong liking or attraction / kinship ; 缺 ; ģȭ Henry had an excellent chance to make an honorable career for himself, but he seemed to have a fatal affinity for easy money and shady deals. ; She felt an affinity with all who suffered; their pains were her pains. Henry ο ⼼ ִ پ ȸ ־ ״ ϰŷ ϱ⸦ ߴ . ; ׳ ߴ 鿡 ģ ; ׵ ׳ ̾. [+] analogy, comparison, resemblance" affiliate,... պϴ ԽŰ Ͽ ϴ /ϴ advocate,"ȣ/ϴ n.v. ad(=to) + voc(=call) a person who advocates ; barrister / speak in favor of something / urge; plead for ȣ ; ȣ / ȣϴ,ϴ / âϴ; ȣϴ / ˱ϴ; źϴ The Fund for Animals was a strong advocate of the campaign to save dolphins from death in the nets of the tuna fleet. ; The abolitionists advocated freedom for the slaves. ߻ ȣ(The Fund for Animals) ٷ ׹ ׾ ڴ  ߴ . ; 뿹 ڵ 뿹鿡 ˱ߴ. [+] justify, support; [-] denounce(ϴ)" adulterate,"Ű v. ad(=to, add) + ulter < alter(=other) make something poorer in quality by adding something improper / make impure by mixing with baser substances Ҽϰ ϴ, ڰ ϴ / Ҽ  ߸ Do you really believe that the academic curriculum will be adulterated if courses like driver education and consumer science are introduced? ; It is a crime to adulterate foods without informing the buyer. ̳ Һ ԵǸ ʴϱ? ; ڵ鿡 ˸ ʰ ǰ鿡 ̹ . [+] degrade, impurify, pollute" acronym,Ӹڷ (ܾ) ex)U.F.O. acquit,˷ ϴ ϴ ϴ; ൿϴ óϴ abrogate,"( ) ϴ ö/ϴ v. ab(=away) + rog(=ask) abolish laws, customs, etc. <, >ϴ No one, however powerful of intellectually dominant, can abrogate the basic moral laws on which civilization rests. ; He intended to abrogate the decree issued by his predecessor. ƹ ϰ 켼ϴ ̷ ִ ⺻ . ; ״ ڰ öϷ ߴ. [+] annihilate, annul, invalidate, nullify, vitiate; [-] uphold(ϴ)" abjure,"(ͼ ) (Ǹ ) ϴ v. renounce upon oath ͼ ϴ He abjured his allegiance to the king. ״ տ ڱ 漺 ͼߴ. [+] recall, recant, retract, withdraw; [-] espouse(źϴ, ϴ)" abeyance,"()() ; obey- n. bey(=gape) condition of not being in force or in use for a time / suspended action , / The case is being held in abeyance until further evidence can be found. ; The deal was held in abeyance until her arrival. Ű ߰ߵɶ ̰ ΰ ִ. ; ŷ ׳డ ¿. [+] dormancy, intermission, interruption, latency, pause, quiescence, suspension" abet,... ߱ ϴ voluminous," ; μ ; ū ġū a. volu(=roll) + min(=s.e.) + ous(=many, full) great in quantity ; producing many books ; occupuing much space / bulky; large <<>> , Ǽ ; <<۰>>, ; ū, ˳ / ġ ū Even in his old age, Thomas Jefferson kept up a voluminous correspondence with important people in America and abroad. ; Despite her family burdens, she kept up a voluminous correspondence with her friends. ɿ Thomas Jefferson ̱ ؿ λ ȯ ߴ. ; δ㿡 ұϰ ׳ ģ 緮 շ ߴ." denote,ǥϴ nepotism," ӿ ģô ģ n. nepot(=nephew) the giving of special favor by a person in high position to his relatives / favoritism to a relative , ģô, λ / ģ Yes, I believe in helping out relatives, but I haven't spent a lifetime building this business to make it a monument to nepotism . ; John left his position with the company because he felt that advancement was based on nepotism rather than ability. ׷, ģô ° ǵ Һ 鼭 Ų ƴմϴ. ; ɷº 뿡 ؼ ȴٴ ȸ å ׸ξ." renaissance,Ȱ Ż vivacious,"Ȱ Ȱ a. viv(=live, life) + aci(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) lively,high-spirited,gay / animated; Ȱ,,Ȱ / Ȱ; Her manner of speaking is so vivacious that even commonplace remarks semm to suggest charm and excitement. ; She had always been vivacious and sparkling. ׳ ̾߱ϴ µ ſ Ȱؼ ŷ̰ ̷Ӵٴ ִ . ; ׳ Ȱ Ⱑ ƴ. [+] cheerful, frolicsome, gay" adjunct,"ΰ μǰ n.a. ad(=to, add) + junct(=join, bind) something added to another thing, but not essential ; a person connected with another as a helper or subordinate associate / added or connected in a secondary or subordinate way ; temporarily employed / something attached to but holding an inferior position μӹ ; , / μӵ,μ ; Ͻ Her unfailing courtesy to others is not a mere adjunct of her personality; it reflects the essential values and standards by which she lives. ; I will entertain this concept as an adjunct to the main proposal. ٸ 鿡 ׳ ƴ ׳ Ϻκ ƴ϶ ׳డ ư ⺻ ġ ݿ ش. ; ȿ μӹμ ޾Ƶ ̴. [+] accessory, appendage, appendix, appurtenance" intrigue, 跫; ̸ Ȥϴ; destitute," a. de(=down, away) + stit(=stand) without food, clothes and other things necessary for life ; not having / extremely poor , ; ... / غ, His speech at first seemed highly dramatic and impressive, but we soon realized that he was quite destitute of new ideas. ; The illness left the family destitute. ó ſ ̰ λ 츮 װ ο ̵ ٴ ˰ Ǿ. ; . [+] impecunious, impoverished, indigent, penurious" coup,"Ÿ Ÿ; 뼺 ū Ʈ n. highly successfui action or sudden attack Ʈ, 뼺 As the news of his coup spread throughout Wall street, his fellow brokens dropped by to congratulate him. ҽ ߰ε ׸ ϱ 鷶." electorate, decry,"ϴ (denounce) v. disparage ϴ; Do not attempt to increase your stature by decrying the efforts of your opponents. ? ν ʸ ̷ . [+] belittle, depreciate, derogate, detract, deval!uate, disparage, lower opprobriate" suffice,ϴ ... Ű provocation,"ȭ ϱ г ڱ(incitement) n. cause for anger or retaliation ; In order to prevent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must give our foe no provocation. ۽ 밨 ݹ Ͽ 츮 츮 ؼ ȵȴ." juxtapose,"ϴ v. place side by side Comparison will be easier if you juxtapose the two objects. ΰ ´ٸ 񱳴 ̴." propound,"( ȹ ) ϴ ϴ propose v. put forth for analysis м, ϴ In your discussion, you have propounded several questions; let us consider each one separately. ߿ ߴ. װ͵  . [+] propose, suggest" corollary,"߷ 翬 n. consequence; accompaniment (翬) Brotherly love is a complex emotion, with sibling rivalry its natural corollary. ִ װ 翬 ΰ ϴ ſ ̴. [+] consequence, sequence" botch, ; ϴ ij arcane," Ұ(mysterious) a. secret; mysterious What was arcane to us was clear to the psychologist. 츮Դ ǹ ͵ ɸڿԴ ͵̾. [+] inscrutable, mystical, uncanny" austere,"ٹ ؾ a. strict; stern ; ȣ His austere demeanor prevented us from engaging in our usual frivolous activities. ؾ ൿ 츮 . [+] ascetic, rigorous, severe, stern, strict" carcinogenic,"߾ϼ a. causing cancer ߽Ű Many supposedly harmless substances have been revealed to be carcinogenic. ϴٰ ϴ ." ellipsoid,() Ÿ altruism,"Ÿ Ÿ n. unselfish aid to others; generosity ɾ ; ,Ÿ In providing tutorial assistance and college scholarships for hundreds of economically disadvantaged youths, Eugene Lang performed a truly altruistic deed. ҿ ̵鿡 ڸ б """" Ÿ ൿ ־. [+] charitable, humane, humanitarian, magnanimous, philanthropic, unselfish" blanch," ǥϴ; ķ bleach v. bleach; whiten ǥϴ; ϴ Although age had blanched his hair, he was still vigorous and energetic. ̰ Ӹ ״ ̰ Ȱá. [+] palliate" deprecate,"ϴ ݴϴ ϴ v. de(=off, from) + prec(=pray) feel and express disapproval of / disapprove regretfully; to express disapp- roval < >ݴϴ, ϴ , ϴ / ϰ ݴϴ The whole history of social reform demonstrates how much easier it is to deprecate evils than to take effective action against them. ; I must deprecate your attitude and hope that you will change your mind.; In her classic work,Gone With The Wind,Margaret Mitchell depicts the South during the Civil War and Reconstruction period. ȸ ü ǿ ϴ ൿ ϱ ٴ ݴϴ ξ ٴ ش. ; µ ܿ ݴѴ. ׸ ϱ⸦ Ѵ. [+] disapprove, discountenance" induce,"ϴ Ͽ ...ϰ ϴ persuade v. in(=in, into) + duc(=lead) persuade ; bring about ; draw a general conclusion or principle from particular facts; to lead or move by influence or persuasion Ͽ ...ϰϴ ; ߱ϴ, ϴ ; ͳϴ / ~ϰ ϴ / ()ϴ; (߱)ϴ As we moved up the mountain, I had a feeling of dizziness and fatigue induced by the thin air. ; They tried to induce labor because the baby was overdue.; Television commercials induce people to buy new products. 츮 ö ⿡ Ƿΰ . ; ׵ и и Ű ߴ. [+] activate, actuate, impel, motivate" cuisine,"丮 丮 culinary n. (style of) cooking / style of cooking 丮, 丮 They are particularly fond of Chinese cuisine . ; French cuisine is noted for its use of sauces and wines. ׵ Ư ߱ 丮 Ѵ. ; Ҷ 丮 ҽ ϴ. [+] gastronomy" burlesque," б ͻ dzڹ dzڽ v. give an imitation that ridicules / ȭϴ, ȭϴ In his caricature, he burlesqued the mannerisms of his adversary. dz ȭ ״ ڽ ųʸ dzߴ. [+] parody, travesty" transfix,1. ( ) ... ϴ 2. ... Ű ڴ(rivet) stalwart,"1. 2. ϰ ִ a. strong, brawny; steadfast ưư; ; His consistent support of the party has proved that he is a stalwart and loyal member. 翡 Ծ װ ŷ ϰ 漺 ߴ. [+] cf. stall (); (stall) (war)ÿ ưưؾ Ѵ." august,"ִ a. impressive; majestic , ִ Visiting the palace at Versailles, she was impressed by the august surroundings in which she found herself. ϸ鼭 ׳ ִ ȯ濡 ޾Ҵ. [+] grandiose, imposing, magnificent, majestic, splendid, impressive" denomination, Ī pedantic," üϴ a. showing off learning; bookish ƴ ü ϴ; What you say is pedantic and reveals an unfamiliarity with the realities of life. ; What you say is pedantic and reveals an unfamiliarity with the realities of life. ϴ ̾ Ȱ ǰ ش. ; ϴ ̾ Ȱ ǰ ش. [+] scholastic, scholastic" cosmopolitan, ϴ impervious,"̳ Ȥ ʴ; а a. im < in(=not) + per(=through) + vi < via(=road, way) not allowing water, etc. to pass through ; not moved or influenced by / not penetrable; not permitting passage through << >> ʴ ; , ʴ / ʴ His parents tried to encourage an interest in literature, music and art, but he seemed to impervious to such influences. ; You cannot change their habits for their minds are impervious to reasoning. ģ , ׸ ̼ ״ ׷ Ϳ Ҵ. ; ׵ ° ̼ ƴϱ ׵ ȭų . [+] impassable, impenetrable, impermeable, imperviable, unpierceable" hubris,"(ڽ ) ڸ insolent n. arrogance; excessive self-conceit , Ÿ Filled with hubris, Lear refused to heed his friend's warnings. ־ ģ Ǹ ʾҴ. [+] haughtiness, hauteur, imperiousness, loftiness, superciliousness" embellish,"... Ƹ ϴ ϴ(adorn) v. em < en(=make) + bel (=beautiful) make beautiful ; decorate ; make a story, etc. more interesting / adorn Ƹϴ ; ϴ ; <<̾߱ >> ְ ϴ,ϴ / Ƹ ϴ; ϴ As the news traveled from person to person, it became embellished with so many fanciful details that we found it impossible to tell what had actually happened. ; His handwriting was embellished with flourishes. ҽ ̻ 󿡼 ͵ Ǿ  Ͼ . ; ̻  á. [+] beautify, decorate, garnish" allusion,"Ͻ (hint) n. indirect reference Ͻ The allusions to mythological characters in Milton's poems bewilder the reader who has not studied Latin. ÿ ȭ ι鿡 Ͻô ƾ ڵ Ȳϰ . [+] connotation, implication, inkling, innuendo, insinuation, intimation" pluralism,1.(ö)ٿ 2. terse,"(succinct) a. concise; abrupt; pithy ; ۽; I admire his terse style of writing; he comes directly to the point. ü źѴ. ״ ٷ ٰ [+] laconic, succinct" odyssey,"Ⱓ () ; ȭ ¡ n. long, eventful journey Ⱓ The refugee's journey from Cambodia was a terrifying odyssey. į ̾. [+] travel" husbandry," n. frugality; thrift; agriculture ˾; ˼; He accumulated his small fortune by diligence and husbandry. ״ ٸ Ҵ. [+] economy, providence" divulge,"()ϴ v. di < dis(=apart, away) + vulg(=people) make known something secret / reveal; to make known to reveal ϴ,Թۿ / ϴ A person accused of a crime is not obliged to divulge anything that might tend to incriminate him. ; I will not tell you this news because I am sure you will divulge it prematurely.; While it was raining out ,the children diverted themselves by playing games in their room. ˷ ߵ ڱ⸦ ˷ 𸣴  ǵ ʿ . ; ҽ ѷ ̶ Ȯϱ ſ ̴. [+] disclose; [-] keep secret( Ű)" replicate,"... ݺϴ; ... ; ϴ v. reproduce, duplicate ϴ, ݺϴ To the chagrin of the scientists, they were unable to replicate the results of their controversial experiment. ϰԵ ڵ ִ ڱ س . [+] copy" conjure," ...ϴ ӿ ׷ (ȥ)ҷ v. summon a devil; practice magic; inagine; invent (Ǹ, ȥ) ҷ, ̴, θ;(ӿ)Ű He conjured up an image of a reformed city and had the cotters completely under his spell. ״ ν ڵ Ҵ. [+] invoke" dolt," ٺ n. stupid person ٺ I thought I was talking to a mature audience; instead I find myself addressing a pack of dolts and idiots. ڽ û߿ ϰ ִ ٷ , ׷ Ŀ ڽ ٺ ġ鿡 ϰ ȴ." tenet," ġ Ȥ ö n. doctrine; dogma ; The agnostic did not accept the tenets of their faith. Ұڴ ׵ ž ޾Ƶ̷ ʾҴ. [+] credo, creed" conducive," Ǵ ̹ϴ a. con(=together) + duc(=lead) helpful ; contributing to / contributive Ǵ ; ϴ / Our economics teacher emphasized that a policy that is beneficial to some individuals and groups may not be conducive to the ecoonomic health of the entire nation. ; Rest and proper diet are conducive to good health. 츮 ̳ ܿ å ü ̷ ִٴ ߴ. ; ޽İ Ļ ǰ ȴ." utilitarian, ǿ empathy,(ɸ) dilate," âŰ v. di < dis(=apart, away) + lat(=carry) cause to become wider,large,further open ; speak or write in detail / expand; to become wider,la- rger âϴ, ; οϴ, ϴ / âŰ No doubt he knows a great deal about ecology,but is there any need for him to dilate at such length on threats to the environment? ; In the dark, the pubils of your eyes dilate.; The lecturer digressed from the subject so often that it was difficult to take notes. п ؼ ˰ ׷ٰ װ ȯ ؼ ׷ ڼ ʿ䰡 ? ; ӿ ڴ Ŀ. [+] augment, amplify, distend, enlarge, extend, expand, increase, inflate, swell; [-] narrow()" serpentine,"1. 2. Ҳ(sinuous) cf)serpent a. serp(=creep) twisting and curving like snake / winding; <ó> ٺҲٺ When it comes to serpentine dance, no one can beat her. ; The car swerved at every curve in the serpentine road. 㿡 ־ ƹ ׳ฦ ɰ . ; ٺҲٺ 濡 Ŀ긦 . [+] convoluted, meandering, sinuous, tortuous" alchemy,"ݼ n. medieval! chemistry ߼ ȭ(ݼ) The changing of baser metals into gold was the goal of the students of alchemy. ݼ ٲٴ ߼ ݼ ǥ." discriminate,ϴ Ǻϴ; ϴ rebuff,"1. ϴ 2. ... Ű v. snub; beat back ϴ, ¥ She rebuffed his invitation so smoothly that he did not realize he had been snubbed. ׳ ʴ븦 ʹ ε巴 Ͽ ״ ڱⰡ ¥ ߴ. [-] welcome(޾Ƶ̴)" apathy,"ô n. a < an(=not, without) + path(=feel, suffer) absence of sympathy or interest ; indifference / lack of caring; ô ; Her moods seem to go from one extreme to the other-from deepest apathy to unlimited enthusiasm. ; A firm believer in democratic government, she could not understand the apathy of people who never bothered to vote. ׳ ſ ô ̶ ش ϴ . ; ο Ȯ ź ׳ ǥϴ Ϳ ġ ʴ . [+] impassiveness, indifference" competent, ڰ ִ exult,"ũ ⻵ϴ ⻵ ٴ DZ ϴ ... ¸ϴ v. ex(=intensive) + ul < sul < sal(=leap) rejoice greatly ô ⻵ϴ, ⻵ٴ / ſ ⻵ϴ After so many years of losing teams, the entire student body exulted when our team finally won the citywide basketball championship. ; We exulted when our team won the victory. ׷ ص ⸸ϴٰ 츮 󱸼 ¸ ü л ⻵ߴ . ; 츮 츮 ſ ⻼. [+] delight, jubilate" mortify,"ϴ غϴ 尨 ִ ϰ ϴ v. mort(=death) + i(=s.e.) + fy(=make) cause someone to be ashamed, humiliated, or hurt in his feelings ; discipline bodily passions or overcome bodily desires / punish the flesh 尨 ϴ, ϰϴ ; <<>> <<غ>>ϴ / 尨 ִ, ϰ ϴ; ϴ Imagine how mortified I was when I learned that I had failed to get the job simply because of not applying on time! ; She was so mortified by her blunder that she ran to her room in tears. ʾƼ ڸ ߴٴ ˾ 󸶳 . ; ׳ ̾ Ǽ ؼ ʹ âϿ 긮 پ. [+] debase, degrade, demean, humble" nefarious," Ǵ ҹ a. very wicked he was universally feared because of his many nefarious deeds. ״ ؾ ߱ η 翴. [+] flagrant, infamous, vicious" incarnation,"1. ü 簡 DZ 2. üȭ (embodiment) n. act of assuming a human body and human nature ȭ,üȭ; ΰ Ÿ( ) The incarnation of Jesus Christ is a basic tenet of Christian theology. ׸ ΰ Ÿ ٴ ⵶ ⺻ . [+] embodiment, personification" paragon," Ͱ paradigm n. para(=beside) + gon(=compare, test, angle) a model or pattern of perfection or excellence / model of perfection , , , Ͱ My parents set up my older brother as such a paragon that I despaired of ever being able to follow in his footstep. ; The class disliked him because the teacher was always pointing to him as a paragon of virtue. θԵ ʹ Ѽ ⸦ ܳߴ. ; ׻ ׸ ߱ ̵ ׸ Ⱦߴ. [+] archetype, paradigm" consign,... Ѱִ εϴ; Ź/ϴ; Ҵϴ; ... ij fuel,1. () ߱ 2. ... ¿(kindle) contraband,"мǰ; м й; ŷǰ ǰ contraband - n. ban(=control,prohibition) smuggled goods ; unlawful trade / illegal trade; smuggling мǰ ; м / ϰŷ; () The Coast Guard confiscated a ship carrying contraband . ; The Coast Guard tries to prevent traffic in contraband goods. ػ ȴ밡 мǰ ô мߴ. ; ؾ мǰ ֽ. [+] banned, disapproved, forbidden, illegal, illicit, prohibited, proscribed, smuggled" hedonism," n. hedon(=pleasure) belief that pleasure is the chief good / belief that pleasure is the sole aim in life A culture devoted to hedonism is in danger of becoming soft. ; hedonism and asceticism are opposing philosophies of human behavior. ǿ ȭ ִ. ; ǿ ݿǴ ΰ ൿ 븳Ǵ ö̴." vilify," ߻ϴ; ŸŰ v. slander ϴ She is a liar and is always trying to vilify my reputation. ׳ ̴. ׸ ׻ ־. [+] revile, ϰ Ÿ(vile) (vilify)ؾ Ѵ." debilitate,"ϰ ϴ v. de(=reverse) + bilit(=strong) + ate(=make) make weak / weaken; enfeeble ϰϴ / ȭŰ; ϰ ϴ The historian explained that luxury and self-indulgence debilitated the Roman people and led to the fall of the empire. ; Overindulgence debilitates character as well as physical stamina. ġ θ ε ϰ ؼ Դٰ 簡 ߴ. ; ü » ƴ϶ ȭŲ. [+] attenuate, enfeeble, extenuate, weaken" virtuoso," (밡) ̼ ̼ǰ n. highly skilled artist () Heifetz is a violin virtuoso. ̿ø ̴. [+] expert, master" soporific,"ָ鿡 ɸ ϴ n. sleep producer ; I do not need a sedative when I listen to one of his soporific speeches. ʿ䰡 . [+] somnolent, somnorific; [-] stimulant(ڱ)" licentious,"ε (Ư) (lewd); İ a. wanton; lewd; dissolute ; ; The licentious monarch helped bring about his country's downfall. ְ ʷߴ. [+] incontinent, lascivious, lecherous, libertine, libidinous, lustful" audacity,"; n. boldness 㼺 Audiences cheered as Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia made their audacious, death-defying leap to freedom and escaped Darth Vader's troops. ûߵ Luke Skywalker Leia ְ ϸ鼭 ̰ ħ Darth Vader 븦 Ż ä ´. [+] courageous, dauntless, intrepid" fawn,(ߺ ذ) ˶Ÿ ÷ϴ; n. 罿 edict,Ģ (decree) incense," ȭ ϴ / ǿ v. enrage;infuriate ݺнŰ, ȭ ϴ Unkindness to children incensed her. ׳ ̵鿡 ģ ȭ ´. [+] unbrage" definitive," ; Ȯ; n.a. de(=intensive) + fin(=end) a word that defines a noun / final ; to be looked upon as decisive ; limiting / complete / ; ; / There are so many aspects to Shakespeare, and he has so much to say to each new generation, that there is not, and will never be, a fully definitive study of his work. ; Carl Sandburg's ""Abraham Lincoln"" may be regarded as the definitive work on the life of the Great Emancipator. ͽǾԴ ſ ְ ο 뿡 ʹ Ƽ ǰ 絵 ε ̴. ; Į ""ƺ "" ع ֿ ǰ 𸥴. [+] conclusive, ultimate" charlatan," dz ͸; ǻ n. quack; pretender to knowledge ; ƴ ü ϴ , , dz Because he was unable to substantiate his claim that he had found a cure for the dread disease, he was called a charlatan by his colleagues. ״ ġ ߰ߴٴ κ ǻ Ҹ. [+] mountebank, quack" effigy,"ʻ n. ef < ex(=out) + fig(=form) representation of a person in wood, stone, etc. / dummy <<, >>, ʻ, Determined to discredit the fallen leader, the opposition speakers presented a picture od him that was no more than a grotesque effigy for the mob to deride. ; The mob showed its irritation by hanging the judge in effigy. Ÿ ڸ Ƴ ϰ ݴ Ұ ߴ. ; ǻ ʻ Ŵٴ г븦 ǥϿ." incipient,"ó ߴ a. beginning; in an early stage ; ߴ I will go to sleep early for I want to break an incipient cold. ʱ ܰ ⸦ ֱ Ͽ ڸ ̴. [+] initial, nascent; [-] full-blown(ȭ)" milieu," ȯ n. environment; means of expression! ,ȯ; ǥ His milieu is watercolors, although he has produced excellent oil painting and lithographs. ״ پ ȭ ȭ ǥ äȭ. [+] atmosphere, surroundings" revel,ϴ û; rebel-ݿ elation,"DZ ſ ⻵ elate n. a rise in spirits; exaltation ? DZ Grinning from ear to ear, Janet Evans was clearly elated by her Olympic victory. ͱ ڳ ݽ ׳ ø ¿ Ǹߴ. [+] exhilarated" figment,"ٸ糽() ; 㱸 ٸ鳻 ̾߱ / (figure : ϴ/ϴ/...) n. invention; imaginary thing ٸ糽 ̾߱; 㱸 That incident never took place; it is a figment of your imagination. Ͼ ʾҴ. װ 㱸. [+] fabrication, fiction" poignant,"Ŷ īο; ϰ ȣϴ a. keen; piercing; severe ; īο; Her poignant grief left her pale and weak. ׳ 繫ġ âϰ . [+] piquant, pungent" motley," ; ȥ a. parti-colored; mixed ; The captain had gathered a motley crew to sail the vessel. 踦 ؽŰ Ͽ پ ¹ ߴ. [+] multicolor, variegated" inclination, propitious,"ο 󼭷ο ںο; ȣǸ a. pro(=before, forward) + pit < pet(=seek) favorable ; well-disposed / kindly ο, ; , / , ; ģ When I entered his office and observed that he seemed to be in a good mood, I felt that this might be a propitious time to ask for a rise. ; I think it is advisable that we wait for a more propitious occasion to announce our plans; this is not a goodtime. 繫Ƿ  ٴ ˾ ̰ ޷λ Źϱ⿡ . ; 츮 ȹ ǥϱ⿡ ٸ ٶϴٰ Ѵ. Ⱑ ƴϴ. [+] auspicious, opportune" ruminate,"ϴ ɻ ϴ v. chew the cud; ponder ϴ; ϴ We cannot afford to wait while you ruminate upon these plans. ; We cannot afford to wait while you ruminate upon these plans. 츮 ȹ ϴ ٸ . ; 츮 ȹ ϴ ٸ . [+] reflect, meditate, cogitate, deliberate, muse; ,๰ 긮(rheumy) ϴ.(ruminate) 鸮 ҹ(rumor) ϴ., deliberate, meditate, muse, ponder" expedient," ӽ n.a. ex(=out) + ped(=foot) an expedient thing / likely to be useful or helpful for a purpose ; advantageous though contrary to principle / auitable; practical; politic , ӱ ó, , / , ; , å Cut off from all supplies, the soldiers had to use various expedients to keep their equipment in working order. ; A prgmatic politician, he was guided by what was expedient rather than by what was ethical. ǰκ ܵǾ ε ׵ · ϱ ӽù ̿ؾ߰ڴ. ; ǿ 뼱 ġ ״ ͺٴ Ϳ ̲ȴ. [+] advatageous, beneficial, convenient, profitable, utilitarian" supplication,ź û privation," n. hardship; want , In his youth, he knew hunger and privation. ״ ָ ˾Ҵ. [+] destitution, impecuniousness, impoverishment, indigence, penury, poverty" foment,"ϴ ϴ ϴ v. stir up; instigate ϴ; ϴ This report will foment dissension in the club. Ŭ ȭ ҷų ̴. [+] abet, foster, goad, incite, provoke, stir, spur; [-] squelch()" consternation, / stern : -ȣ-Ȥ sovereign,ֱ ġ despondent," a. de(=from) + spond(=promise) having or showing loss of hope / depressed; gloomy ,Ǯ / , Ǯ Many doctors believe that when sick peole become despondent about their health, it is more difficult for them to recover. ; To the dismay of his parents, he became more and more despondent every day. ȯڵ ׵ ǰ ؼ ׵ ȸϱⰡ ƴٰ ǻ ϰ ִ. ; θ ұϰ ״ DZħ . [+] dejected, depressed, disconsolate, dispirited, downcast" tirade,"層 Ŷ n. extended scolding; denunciation ; ݷ Long before he had finished his tirade, we were sufficiently aware of the seriousness of our misconduct. װ 츮 츮 ߸ ɰԿ ˰ ־. [+] diatribe, harangue; [-] dispassionate speech( )" anthology,ǰ / ǰ ( ۰) ǰ collection accouterment,( ̿) 屸 reprehensible," ¢ a. re(=back, against) + prehens(=take) deserving to be blamed / deserving blame / ޾ I don't know which was more reprehensible -making improper use of the money or lying about it later. ; Your vicious conduct in this situation is reprehensible. ߸ Ͱ ڿ ű⿡ ϴ ̾ 𸣰ڴ. ; Ȳ ɼ ൿ ޾ ϴ. [+] blameworthy, blamable, censurable, culpable; v. reprehend (¢, , ϴ)" schism,"1. и п 2. ̱ chasm n. division; split п; ɰ Let us not widen the schism by further bickering. ν п ȮŰ . [+] rupture, disintegration; cf. chasm ɿ" meticulous,"ſ IJ a. excessively careful; to be careful about detail ġ , IJ He was meticulous in checking his accounts and never made mistakes.; He arranged the computer cards with meticulous care, making sure that each one was in the correct order. ״ ڱ ¸ ϴµ IJؼ Ǽ . [+] fastidious, fussy, heedful, punctilious, scrupulous" fiscal,() ȸ; procure,( Ͽ)... տ ִ fastidious,"ٷο ǰ ʿ a. difficult to please; squeamish Ž; ٷο The waitresses disliked serving him dinner because of his very fastidious taste. ٷο ȣ ׿ ⸦ Ⱦߴ. [+] dainty, finicky, fussy" conventional," ν; ; a. ordinary; typical; adjusual;ordinary , / ȸ His conventional upbringing left him wholly unprepared for his wife's eccentric family.; Metal contracts as it cools. ׷ Ͽ ڱ Ƴ ° ǰ ߴ. [+] customary, orthodox" repudiate,"źϴ ϴ ϴ v. re(=back, away) + pud(=ashamed) disown ; say that one will have nothing more to do with ; refuse to accept or acknowledge ; refuse to pay an obligation or dept / disavow ϴ ; 踦 ; ޾Ƶ ʴ, ϴ ; źϴ / ϴ; ϴ To limit the free expression! of unpopular ideas is to repudiate the basic siprit of the Bill of Rights. ; He announced that he would repudiate all debts incurred by his wife. α ο ǥ ϴ Ǹ ⺻ ϴ ̴. ; ״ Ƴ  ͵ ʰڴٰ ߴ. [+] disclaim" critique,() () doleful,Ŀ matriculate, 㰡ϴ ϴ dilettante,"Ƹ߾ ȣ  n. aimless follower of the arts; amateur; dabbler ; Ƹ߾; ȣ He was not serious in his painting; he was rather a dilettante. ״ ׸ ׸µ ʾҴ. ״ Ƹ߾ ȣ . [+] amateur, tyro" disquiet,Ҿ / / ... ... Ҿϰ ϴ amenity, ſ ; ε巯 impetuous,"ݷ ͷ; a. violent; hasty; rash ݷ,; 浿 We tried to curb his impetuous behavior because we felt that in his haste he might offend some people. ؼ ȭ ִٰ ߱ 츮 ൿ Ű ߴ. [+] abrupt, headlong, precipitate; [-] deliberate()" sophomoric,"2г ̼ ƴ üϴ a. immature; shallow ̼; õ Your sophomoric remarks are a sign of your youth and indicate that you have not given much thought to the problem. ̼ ߾ ٴ ǥ̰ ʾҴٴ Ÿ. [+] callow" panegyric," Ī n. pan(=all) + egyr(=bring together) + ic(=nature of) a formal speech or writing praising a person or event ; high or hyperbolic praise,laudation / formal praise ; <,>>Ī / Ī Instead of mouthing empty panegyrics to the Bill of Rights, let's strive to make it a reality in everyday life. ; The modest hero blushed as he listened to the panegyrics uttered by the speakers about his valorous act. Ǹ 縦 ϻȰ װ õϵ սô. ; ڱ 밨 ϴ 縦 Ӿ. [+] compliment, encomium, eulogy" advent,"(߿ ι ) n. ad(=to, near) + vent(=come) coming or arrival ; the second coming of Christ at the Last Judgement ,, ; Ľǽ 縲 With the advent of competitive team sports for girls, our school's athletic budget may have to be readjusted. ; Most Americans were unaware of the advent of the Nuclear Age until the news of Hiroshima reached them. л Ƽ Ⱑ ؼ 츮 б 꿡 ؾ 𸥴. ; κ ̱ε νø ź ҽ Ŀ ٽô ˾Ҵ. [+] exit" chimera,Ű޶ / / bemoan,ϴ źϴ insuperable,"̰ܳ غϱ (invincible) a. in(=not) + super(=over) insurmountable ; that cannot be overcome / invincible غ ; ̰ܳ / ̰ܳ ; Walking out on the empty stage and speaking the opening lines of the play seemed an insuperable difficulty to the young actors. ; In the face of insuperable difficulties they maintained their courage and will to resist. ֺ ͼ 縦 ó 鿡 ſ . ; غϱ ׵ ⸦ ʾҴ. Ƹ غ ̴. [+] impassable, indomitable, invincible, unconquerable" ameliorate,"ϴ ϴ; v. improve ϴ Many social workers have attempted to ameliorate the conditions of people living in the slums. ȸ ΰ ȯ Ű ߴ. [+] amend, improve" debauchery, ֻ ; ߴܹ thwart,"... ϴ ѹ(hinder) v. baffle; frustrate ϴ; Ű, ǸŰ He felt that everyone was trying to thwart his plans and prevent his success. ״ ڱ Ű ȹ ѹ Ѵٰ ߴ. [+] balk, circumvent, foil" circumlocution,"ϰ ǥ ϴ ΰ n. locut(=say) roundabout way of speaking ; roundabout expression! / indirect or roundabout expression! ѷ ϱ ; ϰ ǥ / Ȥ ϰ ǥ The circumlocution ""the game ended with a score that was not in our favor"" should be replaced by ""we lost the game"". ; He was afraid to call a spade a spade and resorted to circumlocutions to avoid direct reference to his subject. "" 츮 Ҹ ھ ."" ȸ ǥ ""츮 ⿡ ."" ٲ Ѵ. ; ͳ ϱⰡ η ״ ڱ Ϸ ϰ ߴ. [+] euphimism, roundabout" phlegmatic,"1. 2. ħ disinterest nonchalant indifferent a. calm; not easily disturbed; sluggish; apathetic ; ô The nurse was a cheerful but phlegmatic person.; Mr.Jones is so phlegmatic that he never gets excited about anything. ȣ ħ ̾. [+] imperturbable, inexcitable; [-] vivacious(Ȱ)" consonant,ȭϴ ġϴ; ȭ propriety,"Ÿ ; ǹٸ n. propr(=one's own) + ie(=s.e.) + ty(=nature) state of being correct in behavior and morals ; details of correct social behavior ; reasonableness, fitness / correct conduct <<ൿ ־>> ùٸ , , ; < pl><<>>, ; Ÿ, / ; ǹٸ He is the kind of person who is concerned not with real moral values but simply with appearances and proprietyty . ; I want you to behave at this dinner with propriety; don't embarrass me. ״ ٿ ġ ƴ϶ ܸ ǹ ִ ̴. ; ǹٸ⸦ Ѵ. Ȳ Ű . [+] aptness, suitability; decorum, decency, dignity" avarice,"Ž n. greediness for wealth Ž King Midas's avarice has been famous for centuries.; Just before the outbreak of the Civil War, the South declared itself to be an autonomous nation. ̴ٽ Ž ߾. [+] avidity, covetousness, cupidity, greed, rapacity" bourgeois,"߻ ں θ; ӹ n. middle class ߻(ư) The French Revolution was inspired by the bourgeois, who resented the aristocracy. ġ θ־ ޿ ߻ߴ." microcosm,"ҿ ΰȸ n. cosm(=universe) something considered as representing mankind or the universe, on a small scale / small world ҿ / Ҽ The plain provided a microcosm of human society. ; In the microcosm of our small village, we find illustrations of all the evils that test the universe. ΰȸ ̴. ; 츮 ̶ ҿֿ 츮 ָ ѷΰ ִ ǵ ãƺ ִ." dictum,"ݾ ݾ; n. authoritative and weighty statement ְ ִ ,()ǰ; ݾ, ݾ She repeated the statement as though it were the dictum of the most expert worker in the group. ׳ о ְ ִ ó Ǯؼ ߴ." emissary," Ư; л n. agent; messenger , Ư The secretary of State was sent as the President's special emissary to the conference on disarmament. ȸ㿡 Ư . [+] envoy" corroborate,"Ȯ ϴ ϴ; Ȯϴ v. cor < con(=intensive) + robor(=strength) give support or certainty to a statement, belief, theory, etc. / confirm! Ȯ ִ / Ȯϴ, ϴ All the available evidence corroborates my theory that the theft was planned by someone familiar with the layout of the house. ; Unless we find a witness to corroborate your evidence, it will not stand up in court. մ Ű ˰ ִ ؼ ȹǾٴ Ȯ ְ ִ . ; 츮 Ÿ Ȯ ڸ ã Ѵٸ װ ȿ ̴. [+] authenticate, confirm!, justify, substantiate, validate, verify; [-] antagonize(ݴϴ); [-] controvert(ݹϴ)" anomaly,"Ģ ̻; ̷ n. irregularity Ģ A bird that cannot fly is an anomaly. ̴. [+] aberration, abnormality; [-] predicted occurrence( ߻)" complicity," n. participation; involvement ; You cannot keep your complicity in this affair secret very long; you would be wise to admit your involvement immediately. ʴ Ͽ з ̴. ׷Ƿ ϴ ϴ. [+] collusion, connivance, implication, machination" denizen,"ֹ ; ȭ n. inhabitant of ֹ Ghosts are denizens of the land of the dead who return to earth. ͽ ᱹ ǵư ڵ 迡 ϴ ̴ֹ. [+] dweller, inhabitant, resident" ensue,"ӵǴ յ Ͼ; (μ) Ͼ v. en(=intensive) + su < sequ(=follow) happen later ; follow immediately ; happen as a consequence Ŀ Ͼ ; մ޾ Ͼ ; μ Ͼ I am taking this step with my eyes open, and I will accept full responsibility for whatever may ensue . ; The evils that ensued were the direct result of the miscalculations of the leaders. δ ȹٷ ߰ ó ϸ ű⿡  ؼ å Դϴ. ; ڵ 糭 ǿ Ե . [+] succeed" turbid," 帰 Ź opaque; morbid- Ұ forbid-ϴ a. muddy; having the sediment disturbed Ź; ħ ִ The water was turbid after the children had waded through it. ̵ dz Ź. [+] (turb-turb) Źϰ 帰 ̴." aggrieve, /... ִ дϴ; grievous-ϴ jingoism," ܱ å() ͸ ֱ n. attitude of mind, principles, of jingoes / extremely aggressive and militant patriotism ͸ ֱ, ȣ / ȣ Jingoism is an attitude of boastful, warlike patriotism. ; We must be careful to prevent a spirit of jingoism from spreading at this time; the danger of a disastrous war is too great. ͸ ֱǴ ǰ ȣ ̴ֱ. ; 츮 ñ⿡ ͸ ֱ ʵ ؾ Ѵ. Ͼ Ŀ ̴." pedestrian," (unimaginative) (banal) a. ordinary; unimaginative ο, / Unintentionally boring, he wrote page after page of pedestrian prose. ǽ߿ ״ ο 깮 . [+] humdrum, monotonous, rutine" florid," a. flowery; ruddy ȭ; ұ׽, His complexion was even more florid than usual because of his anger. Ȼ г Һ Ӿ. [+] rubicund, sanguine" dialectical, autocratic, ٹ pensive," ּ a. dreamily thoughtful; thoughtful with a hint of sadness ; ø The pensive youth gazed at the painting for a long time and then sighed.; You seem to be in a very pensive mood. I hope that nothing is wrong. õ ׸ ϴٰ Ѽ . [+] cogitative, meditative , musing, pondering, reflecting." insouciant," inadvertent a. indifferent; without concern or care Your insouciant attitude at such a critical moment indicates that you do not understand the gravity of the situation. ׷ ߴ ñ⿡ µ ɰ ľ ϰ Ÿ. [+] listless" amid,... Ѻǿ() ... ѷο ...̿ â articulate,"и / / ȶ ϴ a.v. art(=art, skill) + icul(=s.e.) + ate(=having the quality of, make) say words or speak distinctly ; connect by joints / in which the separate sounds and words are clear ; able to put thoughts and feelings into clear speech / effective; ȶ ϴ,и ϴ ; <<>> մ / <<,>>и ; <<̳ >>и ִ / ,; и, One of the duties of a President is to articulate the policies and programs of his administration in a forceful and convincing way. ; Her articulate presentation of the advertising campaign impressed her employers. ӹ  ϳ ڱ å ȹ ϰ ְ и ϴ ̴ . ; ׳డ ķ ϰ Ұ ֵ . [+] distinct, intelligible" propensity," n. pro(=forth) + pens(=hang, weigh) a natural inclination or tendency , , / Ÿ ; Your propensity for spending more than you can affird will lead to only one result-bankruptcy! ; I dislike your propensity to belittle every contribution she makes to our organization. װ ִ ̻ Ļ̶ Ѱ ̴. ; 츮 ׳ ⿩ Ⱦ Ѵ. [+] disposition, inclination, penchant, predisposition, proclivity, tendency" cabal,"а / Ĺ / / ۴ϴ / Ǹ n. small group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests; a group of people united in a scheme to promote their views by intrigue; a group of conspirators ұԸ а, The cabal was defeated when their scheme was discovered.; When the little boy fell down, he skinned his knees and got a bump on his head. ׵ ϸŸǾ. [+] junto, plot" ascribe,"( )... ſ ġ v. a < ad(=to) + scrib(=write) give the cause, etc. of something / refer; attribute; assign < >... / - ϴ ϴ; -ſ You are following an all too familiar pattern in ascribing your failure to anyone and everyone except yourself. ; I can ascribe no motive for her acts. ʴ и ʸ ٸ ſ ʹ ൿ ִ. ; ׳ ൿ ⸦ ſ . [+] attribute, impute" mollify,"ȭϴ 氨ϴ Ű ޷ v. soothe ޷, ׷߸ We tried to mollify the hysterical child by promising her many gifts. 츮 ְڴٴ ν ׸ ̸ ޷ ֽ. [+] allay, alleviate, appease, assuage, mitigate, pacify, placate, propitiate, relieve; [-] ire(ݳϴ)" rogue,Ǵ ; δ conciliatory,"Ÿ ȭ ȸ a. reconciling; soothing ޷, ȸ She was still angry despite his conciliatory words. ׳ װ ޷ ȭ . [+] propitiatory" bauble,"ΰ ű n. trinket; trifle ; The child was delighted with the bauble she had won in the grab bag. ̴ ã⸦ ؼ α ǵ鿡 ⻵Ͽ. [+] bagatelle, triviality" assert,ܾϴ (ȣ)ϴ foreclose,ôϴ / 繰 ã Ǹ ϴ (繰) óϴ; Ѵ ô()ϴ stupor,"1. 2. ƿǻ n. stup(=dumb-struck) almost unconscious condition caused by shock, drugs, alcohol, etc. / state of apathy; daze; lack of awareness λҼ, ȥ̻ / ; ڽ; The pain-killer kept him in a dreamlike stupor . ; In his stupor, the addict was unaware of the events taking place around him. ׸ ް · . ; ¿ ߵڴ ڱ Ͼ ϵ ߴ. [+] coma, lethargy, torpor" rapacious,"Żϴ Żϴ ɸ a. excessively grasping; plundering Żϴ; Żϴ; ϴ Hawks and other rapacious birds may be killed at any time. Ÿ ļ 𸥴. [+] ravening; ̱ (rap) θ鼭 Żϴ(rapacious) θ." quixotic," a. idealistic but impractical , His head is in the clouds; he is constantly presenting these quixotic schemes. ״ ־ ̷ ȹ Ѵ. [+] ant. practical" stratagem," 跫 n. deceptive scheme å; We saw through his clever stratagem. 츮 å ߴ." admonish,"ưϴ ϴ; ϴ v. ad(=to) + mon(=warn, advise, remind) blame or scold gently ; warn ; give advice to someone / reprove; to warn about ưϴ,Ÿ̸ ; ϴ ; ǰϴ The dean admonished the members of the team for neglecting their homework assignments. ; He admonished his listeners to change their wicked ways.; Her boss admonished her against being late for work again. Ƽ 鿡 ߴٰ ưߴ . ; ״ ûڵ鿡 ׵ ٲٵ ߴ. [+] forewarn; chide, rebuke, reprehend, reprimand, reproach" waive,"(Ǹ ) ... Ƿ ϴ; ϴ renounce; waver-鸮 weave-¥ v. give up temporarily; yield , Ͻ ϴ; 纸ϴ I will waive my rights in this matter in order to expedite our reaching a proper decision. ϴ ϱ Ǹ Ϸ Ѵ. [+] cede, relinquish" anathema," ޴ (); ŵ n. them(=put,place) formal declaration of the church, excommunicating somebody or condemning something as evil / solemn curse Ĺ, / Ĺ The church pronounced anathema against the wilful heretic. ; He heaped anathema upon his foe. ȸ ڴ ϴ ̴ڿ Ĺ ߴ. ; ״ ָ ۺξ. [+] curse, imprecation, malediction, malison" oblivion," Ǹ; n. ob(=over, against) + liv(=lime) + ion(=state) state of forgetting or being quite forgotten ; unconsciousness / forgetfulness; the condition of be- ing completely for- gotten , ; ǽ<<>> After his crushing defeat in the election, the candidate returned to his home town and disappeared into oblivion . ; Her works had fallen into a state of oblivion, no one bothered to read them.; With time th author's name faded into oblivion and his books were no longer read. ſ е й ĺڴ ƿ . ; ׳ ǰ 󿡼 ȴ. ׷ ǰ ʾҴ. [+] recollection" punctilious,"ݽĿ ġģ IJ a. laying stress on niceties of conduct or form; precise ݽ ; , IJ We must be punctilious in our planning of this affair, for any error may be regarded as a personal affront.  Ǽ ġ Ƿ 츮 ȹԿ ־ IJؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] conscientious, fussy, heedful, meticulous, scrupulous" mendacious," ϴ a. lying; false ϴ; He was a pathological liar, and his friends learned to discount his mendacious stories. ״ ̿ ģ ϴµ ͼ. [+] deceitful, dishonest, fraudulent, unveracious" dichotomy,"̺й й n. di(=two) + cho(=into) + tom(=cut) + y(=that which) division into two parts, groups. or classes, especially when there are sharply distinguished or opposed / branching into two parts ,п,̺й / ѷ There are very few world problems that can be understood in terms of a simple dichotomyomy of right and wrong. ; The dichotomy of our legislative system provides us with many safeguards. ǰ ׸ ܼ й Ͽ ص ִ . ; 츮 ȸ 츮 ޴´. [+] divergence" prot,Ǻȣ titular,"ǥ a. nominal holding of title without obligations ̸, Although he was the titular head of the company, the real decisions were made by his general manager. װ ǻ ̾ ׵ ߴ." incendiary,"1. ¿ 2. n. arsonist ȭ The fire spread in such an unusual manner that the fire department chiefs were certain that it had been set y an incendiary. ȭ簡 Ưϰ ޼ӵ ҹ ȭ簡 ȭ ߻ ̶ Ȯߴ." nonchalant,ô / / ¿ disinterest delineate," ׸ ϴ v. de(=intensive) + lin(=line) show by drawing or by describing / portray delineation ϴ / ׸ I can't provide all the details at this time, but I will try to delineate the mainfeatures of my plan for reorganizing the student government. ; He is a powerful storyteller, but he is weakest when he attempts to delineate characer. ڼ ͵ лȸ ϱ ȹ ߿ Ư¡ ϵ غڽϴ. ; ״ ɷ ִ Ҽ ι Ϸ ʹ δ. [+] depict, describe, limn, portay" explicit," ѷ; ͳ a. ex(=out) + plic(=fold) clearly stated and leaving nothing implied ; outspoken ; saying what is meant without reservation or disguise / definite; open; very clear definite ѷ , ; ; / õ The refree showed good judgment in giving an explicit warning that if either team protested his decisions he would call a technical foul. ; Your remarks are explicit; no one can misinterpret them.; Her directions are always so explicit that everyone understands what to do immediately. ̶ ǿ ϸ ũ Ŀ ̶ и ν Ǹ Ǵܷ ־. ; ߾ Ȯؼ ƹ װ͵ ߸ ؼ ̴. [+] distinct, unambiguous, unequivocal" exigency," n. ex(=out) + ig(=drive) a situation demanding urgent action or attention / urgent situation , ޻ / ޻ Only my family's situation of extreme exigency could have led me to humble myself by asking him for help. ; In this exigency, we must look for aid from our allies. ߴ ϰ û ̴. ; ñ⿡ 츮 츮 ͱ鿡 ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] crisis, emergency" homily,"ư n. sermon; serious warning ; ư His speeches were always homilies, advising his listeners to repent and reform. ûߵ鿡 ȸ ǰϴ . [+] discourse" commensurate," / ð a. com < con(=with) + mens(=measure) in the proper portion ; having the same measure or size / equal in extent ϴ, ; з / ũ I admit that you have some grounds for complaint, but those shrieks of outrage and demands for justice are simply not commensurate with having been overcharged five cents. ; Your reward will be commensurate with your effort. ٰŰ ִٴ Ǹ 䱸ϸ鼭 ȭ ׷ Ҹ 5Ʈ ʰ Ϳ մ ʴ. ; ¸ŭ ̴. [+] proportional" perpetuate,... ӽŰ. ... (Ҹ)ϰ ϴ obtrusive,"ϴ Ѱ Ž obtrude compelling coerce a. pushing toward Ѱ ϴ I found her a very obtrusive person, constantly seeking the center of the stage. ׳డ ߾ 븮 ̶ ˾Ҵ. [+] intrusive, meddlesome, officious" patina,"ն û archaic n. green crust on old bronze works; tone slowly taken by varnished paint ûǰ û Judging by the patina on this bronze statue, we can conclude that this is the work of a medieval! artist. û ִ û 츮 ̰ ߼ ۰ ǰ̶ ִ. [+] verdigris" presumably,Ƹ ϴ presume denounce,"ϴ ϴ v. condemn; criticize ϴ, źϴ The reform candidate denounced the corrupt city officers for having betrayed the public's trust. θ¢ ĺڴ ŷڸ ȴٰ Ÿ ð ߴ. [+] censure, condemn, reprehend, reprobate" lax,"̵ ɼ ġ ; Ȯ ; ̿ϵ a. careless ɼ , ġ We dislike restaurants where the service is lax and inattentive. 츮 񽺰 ϰ Ĵ Ⱦߴ. [+] loose, remiss" instigate,"ϴ / ѵϴ ߱ v. in(=in) + stig(=prick) incite ; goad someone to do something / urge; start; provoke ϴ ; ߱ ...ϰϴ / ߱; ϴ; äϴ Unless you want to instigate a quarrel, don't tell Ray that you saw me at the rink with another boy. ; I am afraid that statement will instigate a revolt. ο Ű⸦ Ʈ忡 ٸ ҳ ִ° ôٰ Ray . ; ߽ų ηƴ. [+] abet, activate, actuate, foment, incite, stir" underpinning, / ħ / rapture,ȯ / ū ȲȦ bliss infraction," ħ break infringe breach n. in(=in, into, against) + fract(=break) breaking of a rule,law,etc. ; the act of breaking a law or rule / violation ; Although his conduct may not have violated any law, I consider it a gross infraction of the code that should govern all public officials. ; Because of his many infractions of school regulations, he was suspended by the dean. ൿ  ƴ 𸣳 װ ٽ Թ ũ ߴٰ Ѵ. ; ״ Ģ ߱ κ ó ޾Ҵ. [+] breach, contravention, infringement, transgression" perverse,"ɼ / ܰ obdurate stern stif a. per(=intensive, falsely) + vers(=turn) wilfully continuing in wrongdoing ; wilfully choosing a wrong course / stubborn; intractable ܰ, ɼ ; / ̰ The psychologist said that troubled young people often have a perverse impulse to do exactly what will be most injurious to them. ; Because of your perverse attitude, I must rate you as deficient in cooperation. ޴ ̵ ׵鿡 ſ طο Ϸ ׸ 浿 ȴٰ ɸڰ ߴ. ; µ ۿ . [+] obstinate, pertinacious, refractory" conspicuous,̴ / / ̴ äο edify,"ȭ(Ƶ)ϴ; cf)edifying Ǵ v. instruct; correct morally ȭϴ; ġ Although his purpose was to edify and not to entertain his audience, many of his listeners were amused and not enlightened. ǵ ûߵ ̰ ϴ ƴ϶ ȭŰ ̾µ ûߵ ſ ߾ ȭ ʾҴ. [+] enlighten, illuminate, improve" woe, ; 糭 ȭ(calamity) enigma,"N a mystery (riddle) ι n. puzzle Despite all attempts to decipher the code, it remained an enigma. ȣ صϷ ¿ ұϰ ־. [+] conundrum, mystery, riddle" accentuate,... ϴ ϴ ε巯 ϴ crevice,"( ) ƴ n. crack; fissure ƴ; տ The mountain climbers found footholds in the tiny crevices in the mountainside. 갡 㸮 ƴ ãƳ´. [+] breach, cleft, fissure" astringent," ȣ; stringent- ִ contingent-ҽ 쿬 a. binding; cuasing contraction ; ӷ ִ; ż The astringent quality of the unsweetened lemon juice made swallowing difficult. ް 꽺 ŰⰡ ƴ. [+] sour, tart; contracting" paternal,ƹ finesse,"ؾ ⱳ å å n. delicate skill ؾ The finesse and adroitness of the surgeon impressed the observers in the operating room. ܰ ǻ ɼϰ ǿ ִ ڵ鿡 λ̾. [+] delicacy, nicety, subtlety; [-] heavy-handedness( ⱳ)" desiccate,"Ű ϴ v. dry up Ű, A tour of this smokehouse will give you an of how the pioneers used to desiccate food in order to preserve it. Ҹ ôڵ ǰ ϱ  װ ׳ ̴. [+] dehydrate; [-] hydrate(ȭŰ); [-] add water to( ÷ϴ)" folly,(); (imprudence) marshal,"ĽŰ Ű; Ȱ n.v. put in order; a law officer 迭ϴ, At a debate tournament, extemporaneous speakers have only a minute or tow to marshal their thoughts before addressing their audience; The U.S. marshal will carry out the orders of this court. ʸƮ N ڵ û տ ϱ ׵ 1г 2г ؾ߸ ߴ. [+] arrange, array, systemize" bandy,( ) ġ ްϴ (Ÿ ) ְ ްϴ extraneous,"ܷ / ʿ; ; ܺηκ;  a. not related ; coming from outside / not essential; external ; ܺηκ / ܷ, , ܺ His point was extraneous to the argument. ; Do not pad your paper with extraneous matters; stick to essential items only. . ; ̿ þ ʼ ׸ ־. [-] relevant(Ÿ)" quiescent," ִ a. at rest; dormant ޽ϴ; ޸ϴ After this geyser erupts, it will remain quiescent for twenty-four hours. õ 24ð ޸ · ̴. [+] latent, abeyant, potential" deem,(...̶) ϴ barrage,"ź; ( ) n. bar{r}(=bar) + age(=that which) barrier made by heavy, continuous gunfire directed onto a given area ; a heavy, prolonged attack of words,blows,etc. ; artificial obstacle built across a river for storing water to be diverted into canals for irrigation / barrier laid down by artillery fire ź ; << >>,<<߱>>ӾŸ ; << η >>, / ȭ; ź ó When the speaker asked for opinions from the audience, he was greeted with a barrage of critical remarks and angry questions. ; The company was forced to retreat through the barrage of heavy cannons. 簡 ûߵ鿡 ǰ ȭ ߷ Դ. ; ߴ ź հ ؾ߸ ߴ. [+] bombardment" exquisite,ſ Ƹٿ / Ǹ (intense) diffident,ڽ ϴ; и opaque," Һи; a. dark; not transparent ĢĢ; The opaque window kept the sunlight out of the room. â ޺ Ҵ. [+] nontransparent, obscure, vague" mendicant,"(beggar) n. beggar From the moment we left the ship, we were surrounded by mendicants and peddlers. 踦 츮 ε鿡 ѷο." reparation," ; n. amends; compensation ; At the peace conference, the defeated country promised to pay reparations to the victors. ȭȸǿ ±鿡 ϰڴٰ ߴ. [+] indemnification, recompense, redress, restitution" antedate,(ð)... ռ ...() stymie,"ϴ ر ϴ v. present an obstacle; stump ϴ; ̴ָ; ()Ÿ Ȧ ̿ ִ , , ó The detective was stymied by the contradictory evidence in the robbery investigation. 翡 Ǵ ŷ ó߾. [+] hinder, impede, obstruct; [-] foster(ϴ)" ominous,"ұ ¡; ; a. threatening ұ; These clouds are ominous; they portend a severe storm.; Those dark coluds look ominous;it will probably rain before evening. ұϴ. dz . [+] (n.) omen" appraise,"... ϴ ű ϴ v. estimate value of ϴ,ϴ It is difficult to appraise the value of old paintings; it is easier to call them priceless. ׸ ġ ϴ ƴ. ٰ ϴ . [+] assess, eval!uate" dismay,Ȳϰ ϴ Ű bulwark,"ä ȣ n. earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends ä, ; ,ȣ() The navy is our principal bulwark against invasion. ر ħ 츮 ֿ . [+] bastion, citadel, fort, fortress, rampart" remission,( ) ; ( )Ұ; 뼭(pardon) ratify,"( ) ϴ Ȯϴ Ȯϴ v. rat(=reckon) + i(=s.e.) + fy(=make) confirm! an agreemant by signature or other formality ; verify / approve formally;; to approve; to confirm! ϴ,簡ϴ ; ϴ, Ȯϴ / Ȯϴ, The soundness of the basic ideas of the Constitution has been ratified by the experience of almost 200 years. ; Before the treaty could go into effect, it had to be ratified by the president.; The Constitution of the United States was ratified by all of the thirteen original states during the years ⺻ ϴٴ 200 迡 Ǿ . ; ȿ ־߸ ߴ. [+] confirm!, validate; authenticate" squander,"ϴ / ϴ ϴ лŰ v. waste ϴ The prodigal son squandered the family estate. ϴ Ƶ ߴ. [+] dissipate" aversion,"Ⱦ n. firm dislike; intense dislike Ⱦ, Their mutual aversion was so great that they refused to speak to one another.; She agreed to marry the aging millionaire more because of avarice than because of love. ׵ ο ʹ Ŀ ϴ ߴ. [+] antagonism, antipathy, abhorrency, abomination, distaste, hatred, hostility, repellency" gaffe," Ǽ(blunder) fiasce; plunder-Żϴ plounder-մ n. social blunder Ǽ, According to Miss Manners, to call your husband by your lover's name is worse than a mere gaffe; it is a tactical mistake ųʽ翡 θ ̸ ϴ ܼ Ǽ ̴̻. װ Ӽ ִ Ǽ. [+] faux pas" abash,"Ȥ ϴ 󶳶ϰ ϴ v. embarrass Ȳ ϴ He was not at all abashed by her open admiration. ״ ׳ 縦 ް ݵ Ȳ ʾҴ. [+] confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, embarrass" envision,ϴ / (巡 ) ӿ ׸ ... ϴ expostulate,Ÿ̸ ϴ exhort; postulate-ϴ obviate,"ִ ϴ ̿ ϴ v. ob(=away) + vi < via(=carry, way) get rid of ; clear away ; prevent by effective measures / make unnecessary; ϴ ; ϼϴ ; ̿ ϴ / ִ; A compromise agreement reached in the judge's chambers would obviate the need for a long, costly lawsuit. ; I hope this contribution will obviate any need for further collections of funds. ǻǿ Ÿ Ҽ ʿ並 ̴ . ; α ̻ ʿ伺 DZ⸦ ٶ. [+] eliminate, remove" predispose,() ... ... (̸) ִ avant-garde,() integral," ̷µ ʼ a. complete; necessary for completensess ; ʼ Physical education is an integral part of our curriculum; a sound mind and a sound body are complementary. ü ʼ оߴ. Ű ü ȣ̴. [+] entire" foray,"ħ ħ; an initial venture n. raid , (о߷) The company staged a midnight foray against the enemy outpost. ߴ ߴ. [+] incursion, invasion" congeal,"... 󸮴 Ű v. freeze; coagulate; to become hard to solidify Ű; Ű His blood congealed in his veins as he saw he dread monster rush toward him.; Any illegal goods will be confiscated by customs officers. ״ ڱ⿡ ޷ ǰ ٴ Ҵ. [+] coagulate" travesty,"ͻ콺 ij ¥ n.v. tra < trans(=over, across) + vest(=dress) any treatment that makes a serious work seem ridiculous ; imitation or description of something / comical parody; treatment aimed at making something appear ridiculous ǰ ,ͻ,ȭ[ȭ] ; [ ǽ ٸ Ǵ ϰ]ϰų ϱ / ͻȭ; ǰ , dz Since she knew in advance whom she would choose for each role, the so-called ""try-outs"" for the play were no more than a travesty . ; The ridiculous decision the jury has arrived at is a travesty of justice. ׳డ ̸ ˰ ־ ""迬"" ȭ Ұߴ. ; ɿ  콺ν ִ. [+] burlesque, caricature, mimicry; [-] paragon()" intersperse,... Ѹ Ű; (Ų )... ȭ ִ verity," veracity n. truth; reality ; Ǽ The four verities were revealed to Buddha during his long meditation. ߿ 4 巯. [+] truism, veracity; in verity ()" dissuade,"( )() ׸ΰ ϴ v. dis(=away, from) + suad(=persuade, advise) advise someone not to do something wrong / advise against Ͽ ܳŰ / - ϵ ϴ Unfortunately,nothing any of us said could dissuade Ned from his plan to quit school. ; He could not dissuade his friend from joining the conspirators. ϰԵ 츮  ̾߱⵵ б ׸ΰڴٴ Ned ȹ ܳų . ; ״ ģ ڵ ︮ ϵ . [+] discourage" menagerie, / Ű ; (̵ϴ) fauna," (animal) n. animals of a period or region ô볪 The scientist could visualize the fauna of the period by examining the skeletal remains and the fossils. ڴ ذ ؿ ȭ ν ô ־." neophyte," beginner; novice n. phyt(=to plant) person who has newly been converted to some belief or religion ; beginner / recent convert; Ű ; , ʽ / ʺ After her novel's success she was no longer considered a neophyte . ; This mountain slope contains slides that will challenge experts as well as neophytes. ׳ Ҽ ŵ ׳ ̻ Dz ʾҴ. ; 뿡 ʺڻ ƴ϶ Ե Ż ִ. [+] apprentice, novice, tyro" hoary,"(ľ) ; hoard-ϴ a. white with age The man was hoary and wrinkled when he was 70. ; The man was hoary and wrinked when he was 70. ڴ 70 Ǿ ߿ ָ Ҵ. ; ڴ 70 Ǿ ߿ ָ Ҵ. [+] gray, gray" fledgling,"̼ / Dz ⳻ ּ; ; fledge-㺸 n. young bird just able to fly ; young inexperienced person ܿ ִ ; ּ, Dz / , ⳻; (ܿ ְ ) ; Dz, Like a fledgling about to leave the nest for the first time, our youngest son is preparing to spend his first summer away from home. ; While it is necessary to provide these fledgling poets with an opportunity to present their work, it is not essential that we admire everything they write. ó ϴ ó 츮 ù غ ϰ ִ. ; ⳻ ε鿡 ׵ ǰ ǥ ȸ ִ ʿ ׵ ͵鿡 츮 źؾ ʿ . [+] inexpert, untrained, callow; [-] experienced practitioner()" disproportionate,︮ ʴ ȭ ʴ ұ blandishment,"̼ / ÷ / n. flattery; coaxing ÷ Despite the salesperson's blandishments, the customer did not buy the outfit.; No-fault insurance does not require anyone to accept the blame for an auto accident in orser to be reimbursed by the company. Ǹſ 𿡵 ұϰ մ ǰ ʾҴ. [+] adulation, flattery" altercation," ݷ n. alter(=other) + ca(=s.e.) + tion(=that which) quarrel or noisy argument / wordy quarrel ,,ݷ What began as a ""minor quarrel"" grew into an altercation and then into an ugly fight. ; Throughout the entire altercation, not one sensible word was uttered. ݷ Ŀ ׸ ο Ǿ ȴ. ; ü ߿ ǹ ִ . [+] argument, controversy, dispute, fracas" ambivalent, ; ߼ ߸; ý exhort," Ÿ̸ ϴ ưϴ v. ex(=out, intensive) + hort(=urge) advise earnestly ; admonish / urge Ÿ̸, ϴ ; ưϴ The President has exhorted the people to be ready to make sacrifices so that the nation can overcome the energy crisis. ; The evangelist will exhort all sinners in his audience to reform. ⸦ غϵ ε Ⲩ ǰߴ . ; û ε鿡 ˱ ̴. [+] goad, prick, prompt, propel, spur" bacchanal, ߴܹ belabor," ϴ ȣǰ ¢ ϴ ϴ v. beat hard or give hard blows to / beat soundly; assail verbally ġ, Ÿϴ / ȣǰ ¢ He chose not to belabor the argument. ; The debate coach warned her student not to bore the audience by belaboring his point. ״ ٳ ʱ ߴ. ; ڴ ڱ л ڽ ǵ Ȳϰ ؼ û ϰ Ϸ. [+] pummel" lascivious," / ϴ / licentious prurient a. lustful The lascivious books were banned by the clergy. ܼ ڿ ޾Ҵ. [+] incontinent, lecherous, lewd, libertine, libidinous, licentious" aghast,"¦ a. filled with fear and surprise / horrified ҽġ / ƿǻ She was aghast at the sudden attack. ; He was aghast at the nerve of the speaker who had insulted his host. ׳ ۽ ݿ ¦ . ; ״ Կ ƿǻߴ. [+] agape, dismayed, overwhelmed" superfluous,"Ƶ ʿ a. excessive; overabundant; unnecessary , , Please try not to include so many superfluous details in your report; just give me the bare facts. Ʈ ʿ ׵ ׷ . ٸ Ǹ ϶. [+] supernumerary" fathom,"() (sound) ( ) Ƹ ϴ v. comprehend; investigate Ƹ, ˾Ƴ I find his motives impossible to fathom. ⸦ Ƹ Ұ ȴ. [+] apprehend, perceive, recognize" inordinate,"ģ ; ұĢ a. in(=not) + ordin(=order) not properly restrained or controlled ; excessive ; immoderate / unrestrained; ; ģ ; м, Since the townspeople felt that the fee asked by the Pied Piper was inordinate they decided to pay him nothing at all. ; She had an inordinate fondness for candy. Pied Piper 䱸ϴ ġٰ ׿ ƹ ͵ ʾҴ. ; ׳ ô̳ ߴ. [+] exorbitant, immoderate, intemperate, unconscionable, unrestrained" sally,1. (excursion) 2. (repartee) allegiance,漺 (Ͽ ) loyalty encroach,ħϴ ϴ(on upon) ħϴ Ѵ malleable," ִ ¼ ġ a. capable of being shaped by pounding 켭 ø ִ Gold is a malleable metal. εܼ ִ ݼ̴. [+] adaptable, plastic supple" vestige," n. trace; remains; a small,remaining sign;a trace , ; We discovered vestiges of early Indian life in the cave.; These ruins are the vestiges of an an cient civilization. 츮 ʱ ε Ȱ ߰ߴ. [+] vestige stigma 'stig' ִ." forte," Ư n. strong point of special talent ; Ư I am not eager to play this rather serious role, for my forte is comedy. ̱ ̷ Ű ʴ´. [+] eminency" beset,"δ ϴ; v. close in on all sides / harass; trouble ϴ, ѷδ / The garrison was beset by the enemy. ; Many problems beset the American public school system. Ǿ . ; ̱ б Ѵ. [+] badger, distress, irritate, torment, vex" tortuous,"ұ Ʋ meandor a. tort(=twist) + u(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) full of twists and bends ; not straight forward, devious / winding; full of curves Ʋ, Ʋ, ; Ҽ, , θ / ұ;  She tried to justify the lies she had told us, but I was unable to follow her tortuous explanaton. ; Because this road is so tortuous, it is unwise to go faster than twenty miles an hour on it. ׳ 츮 ȭϷ ׳ . ; ʹ ұؼ ü 20 ̻ ޸  ̴. [+] sinuous; [-] straightforward(ȹٸ); [-] direct()" assiduous,"ٸ a. as < ad(=to, intensive) + sid(=sit) working steadily, diligent ; eagerly attentive ٸ ; ֵ What he lacks in skill, he makes up in assiduous attention to every last detail and requirement of the job. ; He worked assiduously at this task for weeks before he felt satisfied with his results. ״ 䱸 Ͱ Ϳ Ǹ ̴ μ Ѵ. ; ״ ־. [+] industrious, sedulous" heyday,(prime) shackle,"(manacle) ӹ v. chain; fetter 罽 ; 踦 ä The criminal's ankles were shackled to prevents his escape. ڴ ġ ϵ ߿ Ⱑ ä. [+] manacle, pinion" aesthetic," ɹ a. artistic: dealing with or capable off appreciation of the beautiful , ɹ: ̸ ٷų ִ, Because of his aesthetic nature, he was emotionally disturbed by ugly things. ̸ ߱ϴ ״ ͵鿡 Ǿ." impartial, ġġ turpitude," Ÿ n. turp(=vile) wickedness, depravity , ε, / Ÿ, She was charged with moral turpitude . ; A visitor may be denied admittance to this country if she has been guilty of moral turpitude. ׳ Ÿߴٴ ޾Ҵ. ; 湮 ٸ Աϴ źδ 𸥴. [+] wickedness; Ź(turbid) ϸ Ÿ (turpitude) δ.; [-] saintly behavior(ż ൿ)" inaugurate,"ӽ ϴ ӽŰ; ο ô븦 v. begin formally; install in office ϴ, ϴ; ϴ The candidate promised that he would inaugurate a new nationwide health care plan as soon as he was inaugurated as president. ĺ ڸ Ը Ƿ ȣ å ǽ ̶ ߴ. [+] commence, initiate, launch" intermittent," ܼϴ ( 帧 )漺 a. inter(=between) + mit(=send) stopping and starting again at intervals / periodic; on and off / ߴܵǴ You cannot hope to make good at this job by exerting intermittent efforts; you must do your best every day and every hour of the day. ; Our picnic was marred by intermittent rains. Ͽ ϱ⸦ ٶ ׸ Ϸ Žð ּ ؾ Ѵ. ; 츮 dz ϴ . [+] fitful, recurrent" reactionary,"1. ۿ 2. ݵ a. recoiling from progress; retrograde ݵ; ǵư, His program was reactionary since it sought to abolish many of the social reforms instituted by the previous administration. ȹ ο ȸ κ Ű ߱ ݵ̾. [+] retrogressive" sobriety," ° n. soberness ; پ; The solemnity of the occasion filled us with sobriety. 簡 ؼ 츮 ؾ߸ ߴ. [+] gravity, sedateness, seriousness" bristle, (Ӹ) μ desultory,"길 ϰ ; Ż  a. aimless; jumping around , ; ̸ پٴϴ, 길 The animal's desultory behavior indicated that they had no awareness of their predicament. ̸ پٴϰ ִ κ ׵ 濡 𸣰 ִ. [+] haphazard, random; [-] strictly methodical( Ģ)" accede,"..ϴ ϴ ºϴ v. ac < ad(=to, near) + ced(=go) agree ; take up a position ; succeed ; become a member of an organization ϴ ; ϴ ; ϴ ; ϴ He is in for a rude awakening if he thinks that, as the son ofa rich family, he will simply accede to a position of wealth and power. ; If I accede to this demand for blackmail, I am afraid that I will be the victim of future demands. װ Ƶμ ϰ Ѵٸ ״ ġ ̴. ; 븦 䱸 ϸ 䱸鿡 ؼ ڰ ηƴ. [+] acquiesce, assent, consent" quaint,"1. ִ 2. archaic a. odd; old-fashioned; picturesque , Ư; dz Her quaint clothes and old-fashioned language marked her as an eccentric. ׳ ʰ ׳ฦ ¥ ̰ ߴ. [+] eccentric, ikiosyncratic, peculiar" gamut," n. opening in chess in which a piece is sacrificed ü ϰ δ ù / , The player was afraid to accept his opponent's gambit because he feared a trap which as yet he could not see. ; The player was afraid to accept his opponent's gambit because he feared a trap which as yet he could not see. (ü)δ η ߱ ĩ ޱⰡ η. ; ü δ η߱ ù ޾Ƶ̱⸦ ߴ. [+] commencement, incipience" stout,1. ׶(plump) 2. ưư(stocky sturdy) rife,"ϰ ִ ռ Ͼ; rift-ƴ տ a. abundant; current ( )dz; ( )ϴ In the face of the many rumors of scandal, which are rife at the moment, it is best to remain silent. ׶ ĵ鿡 ؼ ħϴ å̾. [+] prevailing, preval!ent, rampant, widespread" exempt,... ϴ () immune invective,"弳 Ǵ n. in(=in, into, to, against) + vect < veh(=carry) abuse language ; curses ; violent expression!s ,Ǵ ; [pl] ; Ÿ Instead of facts and logic, he uaed rhetoricaltricks and slashing invective to attack his opponent. ; He had expected criticism but not the invective which greeted his proposal. ǰ ״ Ӽ īο 븦 ߴ. ; ״ ȿ ߾. [+] billingsgate, contumely, obloquy, scurrility, vituperation" sedentary,"1. ɾƼ ϴ ɾ ִ 2. a. sed(=sit) + ent(=quality) + ary(=relating to) done sitting down at a desk, etc. ; spending much of thier time seated / requiring sitting <<>>ɾƼ ϴ ; <<>> ɾ ִ During the war, soldiers assigned to desk jobs were sometimes called sarcastically the ""chairbound infantry"" or ""the sedentary commandos"". ; Because he had a sedentary occupation, he decided to visit a gymnasium weekly. ȿ ġ ε ü ""ڿ ""̳ "" ɾ ִ ݴ"" ҷ. ; ״ ɾƼ ϴ ־ ü ߴ." buffoon,ͻ predominant,پ dominant paucity," (=scarcity) ҷ Ҽ n. scarcity They closed the restaurant because the paucity of customers made it uneconomical to operate. մ  ڸ ڿ ׵ Ĵ ݾҴ. [+] insufficiency, poverty" absolve,"뼭ϴ ϴ ϴ v. ab(=from) + solv/solu(=loosen) declare someone free from guilt or punishment / pardon an offense 뼭ϴ,... ˷ ϴ / ˸ 뼭ϴ The jury may have found him not guilty, but the ""court of public opinion"" will never absolve him of responsibility for the crime. ; The father confessor absolved him of his sins. ɿ װ ˰ ٰ Ǵ , """" ˿ å ̴. ; źδ ˸ 뼭 ־. [+] discharge, forgive" pacify,޷ Ű Ű burgeon,"ϴ ڱ Ŀ v. grow forth; send out buds ڶ; In the spring, the plants that burgeon are a promise of the beauty that is to come. Ĺ ٰ Ƹٿ ϴ ̴. [+] blossom, bloom, effloresce; augment, expand, multiply; [-] subside(ǫ ); [-] wither(õ)" adduce,"... οϴ; ( ) ϴ cite v. present as evidence Ÿ ϴ, μ When you adduce material of this nature, you must be sure of your sources. ̷ ͵ ŷ ó Ȯ ˰ ־ Ѵ. [+] mention, present" climatic,() dz constituency,ű / ǥ ű; ; constitute-ϴ salutation,λ λ縻 cf)salute ballyhoo,層 / ߴܽ ; quasi, ܰ߻ dismal,ħ / (dreary) dilapidated,"Ȳ / ϴ Ȳ ϴ devastate a. di < dis(=apart) + lapid(=stone) falling to pieces ; ruined ; shabby / ruined because of neglect ǹ,ڵ, ļյ ; Ȳ ; ʵ Beneath the dilapidated body of the getaway car,there was a powerful finely tuned motor,capable of reaching high speeds. ; We felt that the dilapidated building needed several coats of paint. ļյ ü ؿ ִ ϰ ߵǴ Ͱ ־. ; 츮 ǹ Ʈĥ ʿϴٴ . [+] impaired, injured, marred" unremitting,ܾ maverick,"屺 Ҽ ġ Ǯ n. rebel; nonconformist 屺 To the masculine literary establishment, George sand with her insistence on wearing trousers and smoking cigars was clearly a maverick who fought her proper womanly role. ̶ ԰ 踦 ǿڰ âߴ ҿ ؼ ο 屺̾. [+] dissenter" exposition,ڶȸ / ؼ; ȸ ڶȸ flout," ϴ v. reject; mock ſ,ϴ; ϴ The headstrong youth flouted all authority; he refused to be curbed. ϰ û дϴ źߴ. [+] jeer, scoff, sneer" vindictive,"ӽ ǰ ǰ a. revengeful ִ She was very vindictive and never forgave an injury. ״ ؼ ʾҴ. [+] 붱(vindictive) Ͽ (?)϶....." avert,"( ) (Ÿ )ϴ v. a < ab(=away, from) + vert(=turn) turn away,turn aside ; avoid ; prevent <, > ; ... ϴ ; / ϴ, Ű Let us not avert our attention from the sufferings of the people living in the slums of our community. ; She averted her eyes form the dead cat on the highway. 츮 α ִ κ 츮 Ǹ սô. ; ׳ ӵ ׾ ִ ̿ ȴ. [+] balk, foil, forestall, frustrate, obviate, preclude, thwartdeter; divert, veer" subversive,"ı ϴ a. tending to overthrow or ruin ϴ; ıϴ We must destroy such subversive publications. 츮 ҿ ǹ ־߸ Ѵ. [+] insurgent, mutinous, rebellious" nomenclature,"; и n. terminology;system of names She struggled to master scientific nomenclature. ׳ ͼ Ͽ." quay,"ε â harbor haven n. dock; landing place ε; â Because of the captain's carelessness, the ship crashed into the quay. ; Because of the capain's carelessness, the ship crashed into the quay. Ƿ εο εƴ. ; Ƿ εο εƴ." decorous," ٸ ; ; ǰ ִ پ a. proper ǹٸ; Shocked by the unruly behavior, the teacher criticized the class for its lack of decorum. ൿ ǰ ٰ ¢. [+] decency, dignity, propriety, seemliness; [-] unseemly( , )" noxious," طο; Ұ a. harmful طο We must trace the source of these noxious gases before they asphyxiate us. 츮 طο 츮 Ű ó ãƳ߸ Ѵ. [+] baneful, deadly, pernicious, pestilential, deleterious" usury,"ݾ ; usurp-ҹ ȹ n. lending money at illegal rates of interest ݾ The loan shark was found guilty of usury. ݾڴ ҹ ˸ ޾Ҵ." profane,"Ұ潺 / ż ; ߺ v. violate; desecrate ; ż ϴ Tourists are urged not to profane the sanctity of holy places by wearing improper garb. డ ν ż ϴ ǰ ޾Ҵ. [+] defile, pollute" countenance,"ǥ / Ȼ ǥ; Ŀ ; ħ n.v. coun < con(=together) + ten(=hold) face, including its appearance and expression! ; support / give support, approval, or encouragement to / approve; tolerate ,,Ȼ ; ,Ŀ / ϴ,ϴ,ϴ / ϴ, ϴ; 뼭ϴ, ʱ׷ ִ / ϴ; ǥ; One of the sure signs of a government that is not free and democratic is that the people on power will not countenance any criticism of their acts. ; He refused to countenance such rude behavior on their part. Ӱ Ȯ ǥ  ϳ ׵  ǵ ޾Ƶ ʴ´ٴ ̴. ; ׵ ״ ׷ 뼭 ʾҴ. [+] approbate" perfunctory,"(careless;) ġ(unenthusiastic) a. per(=falsely) + funct(=perform) done as a duty or routine but without care or interest ; doing things without concern or solicitude / superficial; listless; not thorough , ; , ƹԳ ϴ / ǻ, ; ö Perhaps we were so overjoyed that the great man actually condescended to give us a perfunctory nod as we passed by. ; He overlooked many weaknesses when he inspected the factory in his perfunctory manner. ¼ 츮 ʹ ⻵ؼ 츮 Ǹ в ȲϰԵ ϰ ̴ּ . ; ״ ˿߱ ϰ Ѿ. [+] cursory" dubious,"ǽɽ ̰ ȣ ġ Ǽ Ȯ a ~ friend be ~ about cf) dubitable a. doubtful ǽɽ He has the dubious distinction of being the lowest man in his class.; I am very dubious about signing this contract because I am not sure about some of the fine print. ״ ݿ л ǽɹް ִ. [+] equivocal, suspect, skeptical" metamorphosis," / ȣ n. morph(=form) change of form or character, eg. by natural growth or development , , The metamorphosis of caterpillar to butterfly is typical of many such changes in animal life. ; The metamorphosis of caterpillar to butterfly is typical of many such changes in animal life. ϴ Ȱ ־ ׷ ȭ ̴. ; 濡 ϴ ߿ Ͼ ȭ ̴. [-] continuation without change(ȭ )" maudlin,"߿ / 긮 a. effusively sentimental , 긮 I do not like such maudlin pictures. I call them tearjerkers. ׷ ׸ ʴ´. ׷͵ ǰ̶ θ. [+] romantic" quandary,"Ȥ Ȥ n. dilemma , , When the two colleges to which he had applied accepted him, he was in a quandary as to which one he should attend. װ 2 п 㰡 ״ п ٴ ο . [+] bewilderment, perplexity; [-] state of complete certainty( Ȯ )" facade,"(ǹ) (繰)ܰ Ѻ n. front of the building ǹ The facade of the church had often been photographed by tourists because it was more interesting than the rear. ఴ ǹ װ ĸ麸 ̷ο ſ̴." harp, / ( ) ڲٸ Ǯϴ boor,ð߱ prodigious,"Ŵ ; a. prod < pro(=before) + ig < ag(=saying) enormous ; surprisingly great ; beyond what is ordinary ; wonderful / marvelous; Ŵ ; ; ; ̻ / ; Can you imagine what a prodigious amount of research was needed for a book such as Sandburg's biography of Lincoln? ; He marveled at her prodigious appetite when he saw all the food she ate. Sandburg Lincoln ѱ å 󸶳 û ʿߴ ֽϱ? ; ״ ׳డ Ծ ġ ׳ ռ Ŀ忡 . [+] colossal, gigantic, huge, mammoth, titanic; [-] slight()" plight, / () ó alienate,"̰ϴ / 絵ϴ / ...ҿϴ ... ָϴ ... ް ʴ v. ali(=other) + en(=quality) + ate(=make) estrange ; cause someone previously friendly to become unfriendly or indifferent by unpopular of distasteful actions ; transfer ownership to another / make hostile; separate ; ָϴ ; 絵ϴ / ȭϴ; ̰ϴ Coach Gates ran the risk of alienating influential graduates of the school when he suspended a star player who had broken training rules. ; Her attempts to alienate the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other. Gates ġ Ʒ Ģ α ڰ Ŵν ִ ߴ. ; ģ ̸ ڰ Ϸ õ ׵ θ ŷϰ ־ ߴ. [+] alien, estrange; [-] reunite(ȭϴ, Ű)" congenital,"õ Ÿ a. existing at birth; existing at birth, but not hereditary Ÿ; õ His congenital deformity disturbed his parents.; Margaret is a very congenial person; everyone likes her. θ õ Ͽ. [+] inborn, inherited, innate, intrinsic, native" redress,"ϴ / ٷ / ( ) ϴ ϴ ġ ϴ revise n. remedy; compensation ġ, ; , Do you mean to tell me that I can get no redress for my injuries? ó Ͽ ٰ ϰ ִ°? [+] amends, reparation, restitution" boon, / droll,"콺 콺ν a. queer and amusing ͻ콺 He was a popular guest because his droll anecdotes were always entertaining. ͻ콺 ȭ ſ ־ ״ αִ մ̾. [+] comic, ludicrous" bliss, ູ concord,"ǰ ġ ȭ ; n. con(=with) + cord(=heart) agreement or harmony between persons or things; an agreement ġ,ȭ / ; ; ȭ The Book of Common Prayer appeals to the Lord to ""Give to all nations unity, peace and concord "". ; Watchin Tweedledum and Tweedledee battle, Alice wondered why the two brothers could not manage to live in concord.; When Mrs. Davis was learning to cook, she concocted some rather strange dishes. ⵵ "" ϰ ȭ ȭ ּҼ"" ִԲ ȣѴ. ; ٸ Ʈ Ʈ鸮 ο 鼭 ϴ ǹ. [+] accord, agreement, concordance, consonance, harmony" dispirit,ɽŰ ... Ѵ depressed inveterate,"Ѹ a. in(=in) + vet(=old) deep-rooted ; long-established / habitual [Ư ,]Ѹ ; / Like so many inveterate smokers, she has found that great self-discipline is needed to break the cigarette habit. ; She is an inveterate smoker and cannot stop the habit. ׷ ׳ ݿ ʿϴٴ ˾Ҵ. ; ׳ . [+] chronic; [-] casual(ɰ)" doctrinaire,"̷ / / a. unable to compromise about points of doctrine; dogmatic; unyielding а; Weng had hoped that the student-led democracy movement might bring about change in China, but the repressive response of the doctrinaire hard-liners crushed his dreams of democracy. л鿡 ֵǴ  ߱ ָ ߴ. ׷ 뼱ڵ Ǵ . [+] authoritarian, authoritative, dictative, dictatorial" insurgent,"ݶ  n.a. in(=in, against) + surg(=rise) a person engaged in surgent activity / rebellious ; rising in revolt ; in revolt against the leadership of a political party ,[系]׺ / ݿϴ ; Ű ; ϴ / ϴ Although the insurgent were defeated by the government forces,a small group escaped into the mountains, where they kept alive the spirit of rebellion. ; We will not discuss reforms until the insurgent troops have returned to their homes. α еǾ Ҽ ļ ű⼭ ݶ ñ⸦ ٸ ־. ; 츮 ڱ ǵ ̴. [+] contumacious, insubordinate, mutinous, rebellious" ethics, ; ennui," (boredom) n. boredom The monotonous routine of hospital life induced a feeling of ennui which made him moody and irritable. Ȱ ο ϰ ״ ؼ ϰ ¥ . [+] boredom, doldrums, languor, listlessness, tedium, weariness" larceny," () n. theft Because of the prisoner's record, the district attorney refused to reduce the charge from grand larceny to petit larceny. ˼ ˻ ū ˿ ˷ ϱ⸦ ߴ. [+] purloining" conflagration,"ū ȭ n. con(=thoroughly, intensive) + flagr(=burn) great and destructive fire, especially one that destroys buildings or forests / great fire ȭ,ū , < >߻ The hatred and bitterness of the people grew until it burst forth in a conflagration of rebellion against the dictatorship. ; In the conflagration that followed the 1906 earthquake, much of San Francisco was destroyed. ε Ŀ ᱹ 翡 װϴ ݶ Դ. ; 1906 ȭ翡 κ ıǾ. [+] holocaust, inferno" litany,"() ҿ þ; (̾߱) n. supplicatory prayer ; ⵵ On this solemn day, the congregation responded to the prayers of the priest during the litany with fervor and intensity. ϰ 帮 ȸ ⵵ ȭâߴ." invoke,"ȣϴ / ( ȣ) ; (ں ) ûϴ ( ) ȣϴ v. in(=on) + vok/voc(=call) call upon God, the power of the law, etc. for help or protection ; request earnestly ; summon up by magic / ask for <<ſ , ȣ>> , ȣϴ ; ϴ ; <<>> ҷ / ûϴ, ûϴ In defending his right to speak on the street corner, he invoked the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. ; She invoked her advisor's aid in filling out her financial aid forms. ̿ ִ Ǹ ȣϱ ״ ̱ 1 ׿ ȣߴ . ; ׳ ڽ ڽ ۼϴµ ޶ Źߴ. [+] beseech, crave, import!une, plead, supplicate" inherent,"õ Ÿ a. firmly established by nature or habit õ / ; His inherent love of justice compelled him to come to their aid. ״ õ Ǹ ϱ ׵ . [+] congenital, inborn, innate, intrinsic" reproach,"ϴ ¢; ü ջŰ n.v. blame; censure; to blame , å / å(ϴ); ġ; Ҹ; ϴ I want my work to be above reproach and wityout error.; She reproached him for drinking too much. ʰ Ǽ ⸦ Ѵ. [+] censure, rebuke, reprimand, reprobation, reproof" benefactor," Ŀ ϴ n. fact(=do,make) person who has given financial help to a school, hospital, or charitable institution / gift gver; patron <б, , ڼ ü> Ŀ / ; The benefactor was generous to the school. ; Scrooge later became Tiny Tim's benefactor and gave him gifts. Ŀڴ б ߴ. ; ũ Ŀ Ƽ Ŀڰ Ǿ ׿ ־. [+] patron" frenetic," / ߱ a. frenzied; frantic His frenetic activities convinced us that he had no organized plan of operation. Ȱ ׿  ü ȹ ٴ 츮 Ȯ ״. [+] furious, rabid" raucous,"Ϳ Ž a. harsh and shrill Ϳ Ž His raucous laughter irritated me and grated on my ears. ģ ¥ Ϳ Žȴ. [+] strident; ڽ ڽ (raucous) θ Ϳ Ž.(raucous)" transgress,ϴ (violate) prepossess,԰ ϴ; ̻ ִ ȣ ϴ hiatus,"ƴ ƴ; Ż n. gap; pause ƴ; Except for a brief two-year hiatus, during which she enrolled in the peace Corps, Ms. Clements has devoted herself to her medical career. ȭ ܿ ª 2Ⱓ ⸦ ϸ ŬƮ κ ð Ƿ Ͽ Դ. [+] breach, interim, interruption, interval" adventitious,"쿬 쿬 õ a. ad(=to, near) + vent(=come) happening by chance ; coming from outside / accidental; casual 쿬 ; ܷ / ; 쿬 His investments in the stock market proved to be profitable, but I considered this adventitious rather than the result of knowledge and planning. ; He found this adventitious meeting with his friend extremely fortunate. װ ڿ Ҵµ ̰ İ ȹ ٴ 쿬̶ Ѵ. ; ״ ģ ̷ 쿬 ſ ེ ߴ. [+] incidental" indolent, ; rigorous, ȣ ; Ȯ hyperbole,"; ǥ(exaggeration) n. bol(=throw) exaggerated statement made for effect and not intended to be taken literally / exaggeration; overstatement , / It was hyperbole to say felt heavy as a moose. ; This salesman is guilty of hyperbole in describing his product; it is wise to discount his claims. ׳డ 罿ó ƺ ̶ ϴ ̾. ; ǿ ڱ ǰ ߸ ϰ ִ. ׷Ƿ ڱ 谨ϴ ϴ. [+] modification; [-] skepticism(ȸǷ)" accost,"ٰ ɴ v. ac < ad(=to) + cost(=rib, side) come up and speak to someone / approach and speak first to a person; to meet someone and to speak first <... ٰ> ɴ / ٰ ɴ As the tourist entered the square, the inevitable beggars accosted them, imploring arms. ; When the two young men accosted em I was frightened because I thought they were going to attack me.; The stranger accosted her as she was unlocking her door. 忡  Ƿ ű ִ ɾͼ ûߴ. ; 系 ٰ ɾ ׵ ̶ ߱ . [+] address" fester,"(ó ) ô erode corrosive v. explain; interpret ϴ; ؼϴ If I construe your remarks correctly, you disagree with the theory already advanced. ߾ Ȯ ؼ ̹ ִ ̷п ʴ . [+] explicate, expound" cower,"( α׷ ) ϴ v. shrink quivering, as from fear The frightened child cowered in the corner of the room. ̿ ̴ ־. [+] cringe, quail, wince; [-] brazenly confront( ϴ)" arsenal, / â pilgrimage, moribund,"׾ Ҹ a. at the point of death ׾ The doctors called the family to the bedside of the moribund patient. ǻ ׾ ִ ȯ ҷ." dispassionate," indifferent a. dis(=not) + pas (=feel, suffer) free from passion ; not taking sides in a quarrel between others / calm; impartial ƴ, ; ʴ, / ħ, You must try to subdue the natural emotions of a parent and make a dispassionate decision that willl be in the best interests of your son. ; In a dispassionate analysis of the problem, he carefully examined the causes of the conflict and proceeded to suggest suitable remedies. θμ ڿ߻ ϰ Ƶ鿡 ̷ο ִ ؾ մϴ. ; м ־ ״ ɽ ߰ ư å ߴ. [+] equitable, impartial, unbiased, unprejudiced" polemic," n. controversy; argument in support of point of view ; Her essays were, for the main part, polemics for the party's policy. ׳ ֿ κ å ݷ̾. [+] debate, disputation" precedent," Ƿ n. pre(=before) + ced(=go) somthing that serves as an example for the future / preceding in time, rank, etc. / something preceding in time , , Ƿ / / (); When Washington refused to serve a third term as President, he set a precedent that was to last for 150 years. ; This decision sets a precedent for future cases of a similar nature. ; Our discussion, precedent to this event, certainly did not give you any reason to believe that we would adopt your proposal. Washington μ ° ӱ⸦ ñ⸦ ź ״ 150Ⱓ ӵ ʸ ̴. ; ǰ ̷ Ҽ۵ Ƿʰ ȴ. ; ǿ ռ 츮 п 츮 ޾Ƶ ϵ Ҹ ƹ ſ õ ʾҴ. [+] antecedent, antecedent, foregoing, prior" cogitate,"ɻ ϴ ... ϴ;... ø/ȹϴ ruminate deliberate v. think over ϴ Cogitate on this problem; the solution will come. ɻ ض. ׷ ذå ̴. [+] cerebrate, deliberate, reflect, speculate, mediate" digress, /  帣 Żϴ diurnal," a. daily , ְ, A farmer cannot neglect his diurnal tasks at any time; cows, for example, must be milked regulary. δ ϵ Ȧ . Ģ ¥ϴ ." cascade," ó n. small waterfall We could not appreciate the beauty of the many cascades as we made detours around each of them to avoid getting wet. 츮 ʱ ؼ ȸؾ ߱ װ͵ Ƹٿ . [+] cataract" preponderance," / ( ) پ n. superiority of power, quantity, etc. , 켼 The rebels sought to overcome the preponderance of strength of the government forces by engaging in guerrilla tactics. ݿڵ Ը Ͽ α 켼 غϰ ߴ. [+] predominance, supremacy" depict,"׸ ϴ ϴ v. de(=intensive) + pict(=paint) show something with a picture ; describe something in words / portray; to describe <... ׸>Ÿ ; <>ϴ / ϴ She has gained success as a writer who knows how to depict in a lifelike way the hopes, fears, and problems of young people today. ; In this book, the author depicts the slave owners as kind and benevolent masters.; Mrs.Ferris dented the fender of her car when she hit the parking meter. ó ̵ , ǣ ϰ ϴ ƴ ۰μ ׳ ŵξ. ; å ۰ 뿹 ڵ ϰ ں ִ ϰ ִ. [+] delineate, describe, limn, portray" panacea," ġ n. acea(=cure) remedy for all troubles, diseases, etc. / cure-all; remedy for all diseases ġ The government cannot offer a panacea for all problems. ; There is no easy panacea that will solve our complicated international situation ΰ ذϴ ɾ . ; 츮 ս ذ ġ . [+] elixir, nostrum" diatribe," ; (invective) n. bitter scolding; invective ; 弳 During the lengthy diatribe delivered by his opponent he remained calm and self-controlled. ״ ϴ ϰ ־. [+] harangue, tirade; [-] encomium(Īϴ ); [-] laudatory piece of writing(Ī ); [-] eulogy()" disperse," ϴ Ű v. di2. scatter in all directioms ; rout ߸,ϴ ; <>Ѿƹ / ϴ; / ֽŰ; лŰ Her bright, optimistic manner did much to disperse the atmosphere of gloom that had settled over the meeting. ; The police fired tear gas into the crowd to disperse the protesters. ׳ õ µ ȸտ Ҵ ⸦ ؼϴµ Ǿ. ; ϴ Ϸ ַ ߻ߴ. [+] dispel, dissipate" abdicate,"ϴ / ϴ ϴ v. ab(=off) + dic(=say, proclaim) formally give up an office or a duty ; give up the throne / renounce; ϴ ; ,ϴ / ׸δ; We will not allow you to abdicate your responsibilities as a leading citizen of this community. ; Rather than leaving immediately, they waited for the storm to abate. μ å ʰڽϴ. ; ׵ ʰ dz ׷ ٷȴ. [+] bate, dwindle, lull, relent, slacken, subside, wane" tout,"ϴ / ... ر Īϴ ... ϴ; ð ϴ v. publicize; praise excessively ϴ, ǥϴ; ر Īϴ I lost confidence in my broker after he touted some junk bonds that turned out to be a bad investment. ߰ ڷ ֽĵ ر Ī ׸ ŷ ʰ Ǿ. [+] proclaim; acclaim. laud; [-] cast aspersions on(ϴ)" interlude,߰ (episode) ƴ injunction, Ʒ harry,"() ϰ ϴ ; Żϴ ħϴ v. raid ϴ The guerrilla band harried the enemy nightly. Ը ߹㿡 ߴ. [+] foray, harass, maraud" squalor,Ұ ; õ ߺ impugn,"ϴ ϴ v. im < in(=on, against) + pugn(=fight) attack by argument or criticism,express doubt about a statement,act,quality,etc. / challenge; gainsay [,,]ϴ,ϴ / ǽϴ; ϴ; ݴϴ, ݹϴ It is not for me to impugn his motives, but how could anyone except an overambitious scoundrel have misted his friends in that way? ; I cannot impugn your honesty without evidence. ⸦ ƴ ģ ߽ Ǵ ƴ϶ ׷ ģ ־ڴ°? ; Ǽ ŵ ǽ . [+] contradict, contravene, gainsay, negate; [-] champion(ȣϴ)" cipher,"0() ġ ; ȣ ȣ n. nonentity; worthless person or thing; secret code ġ , ߰ ; ȣ She claimed her ex-husband was a total cipher and wondered why she had ever married him.; Lacking his code book, the spy was unable to decode the message sent to him in cipher. ׳ ߰ ̶ ߰ ׿ ȥ߾ Ǿ ߴ.; ̴ ȣ صå  ڱ⿡ ȣ ޽ ص . [+] nonentity" arraign,"() ɸϴ; åϴ źϴ ɹ ź v. charge in court; indict; to charge to accuse ϴ; ϴ After his indictment by the Grand Jury, the accused man was arraigned in the County Criminal Court.; His refusal to walk through the metal detector before boarding the plane aroused the guard's suspicion. ɿ ҵ Ŀ ǰ ɹ ޾Ҵ. [+] accuse, criminate, impeach, incriminate, inculpate, indict" hypothetical," a. hypo(=under) + thet(=put) + ical(=nature of) having the nature of a hypothesis or a based on hypothesis / based on assumptions or hypotheses <<>>,<<>> ǰ / By reference to hypothetical cases, you may be able to clarify the difference between ""murder"" and ""manslaughter"" for the law students. ; Why do we have to consider hypothetical cases when we have actual case histories which we may examine? ǿ е """" ""ġ"" ̸ и ̴. ; 츮 ִ ̾߱Ⱑ ִµ ʵ ƾ ϴ? [+] conjectural, putative, suppositious, supposititious" hackneyed,"ƺ a. commonplace; trite , غ The English teacher criticized her story because of its hackneyed and unoriginal plot. ׳ Ҽ ϰ ٰŸ â ʴٰ ߴ. [+] banal, commonplace, stale; [-] fresh(); [-] original(â)" prowess, / / Ǹ ؾ opprobrious,"󽺷 β ġ Ҹ a. disgraceful , ,â񽺷 I find your conduct so opprobrious that I must exclude you from classes. ϴٴ ˱ ʸ ܽŰ . [+] dishonorable, disreputable, ignominious; [-] irreproachable( )" fodder,() ; (raw material) faction," / Ĺ ο ļ n. party; clique; dissension Ĺ; ; The quarrels and bickering of the two factions within the club disturbed the majority of the members. Ŭ ΰ Ĺ ݸ ټ ȸ Ҿϰ ߴ." craven,"̸ ҽ; a. cowardly ̸ Her craven behavior in running away from the enemy at this critical period was criticized by her comrades. ̷ ߿ Լ ָ ޾Ƴ ׳ ̸ ൿ ߴ. [+] cowardly, poltroonish, pusillanimous; [-] valorous(밨)" edifice,๰ patronize,"ȣϴ Ŀϴ; ϴ v. support; act superior toward Ŀϴ Experts in a field sometimes appear to patronize people who are less knowledgeable of the subject.  о߿ о߿ 𸣴 鿡 δ. [+] aid, contribute" engaging,ŷ ֱִ citadel,"ä ߰ n. fortress ä The citadel overlooked the city like a protecting angel. ġ ȣϴ õ ø ٺ ־. [+] fort, fortress" vociferous,"ġ / ū Ҹ ġ ò a. voc(=call, voice) + i(=s.e.) + fer(=carry) + ous(=having the quality of) noisy,yelling / clamorous; Ҷ,ūҸ ġ / ò At lunchtime,the room rang with the vociferous debates between the Cincinnati and Cleveland fans. ; The crowd grew vociferous in its anger and threatened to take the law into its own hands. ɶ 濡 Cincinnati Cleveland ҵ Ҹ Դ. ; ִ ȭ Ҷ ϰڴٰ ߴ. [+] blatant, boisterous, obstreperous" sumptuous," / 1. ġ 2. Ǹ(splendid) a. sumpt(=take, use, waste) + u(=s.e.) + ous(=full, many) costly, luxurious ; magnificent, splendid ; ?á? ??? / lavish; rich , ġ, ȣ罺 ; , Ǹ ; cf.sumptuary / ; , ġ What a chang-from a college dormitory to the sumptuous accommodations of a big-city luxury hotel! ; I cannot recall when I have had such a sumptuous thanksgiving feast. 翡 뵵 ȣ ȣ罺 ű ! 󸶳 ū ȭΰ! ; ׷ ȣȭ ߼ ߴ . [+] luxurious; cf. sumptuary ġ ϴ" introspective,"ڱ ݼ a. spect(=look) seeing inwardly / looking within oneself The introspective poem explored his need to escape. ; We all have our introspective moments during which we examine our souls. ô 屸 ƴ. ; 츮 δ 츮 ڱ ñ⸦ ´." apoplexy,"() n. plex(=to strike) sudden loss of consciousness ; a stroke / loss of consciousness followed by paralysis ; / Apoplexy is a serious disease ; He was crippled by an attack of apoplexy. ɰ ̴. ; ״ ɷ ٸ Ǿ." ineffable," ǥ ̷ ϱ⿡ ʹ ż a. in(=not) + ef < ex(=out) + fa(=say) too great to be described in words / unutterable; cannot be expressed in speech ̷ , ұ / ǥ Only a supreme actor could express so eloquently the ineffable quality of the ""thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears."" ; Such ineffable joy must be experienced; it cannot be described. ְ 츸 "" 긮⿣ ʹ ִ "" ׷ ɼϰ ǥ ̴. ; ׷ Ѵ.װ ν . [+] indescribable, inexpressible" conversant,"ģ ģ ִ; ˰ ִ a. con(=together) + vers(=turn) having a knowledge of ; familiar / familiar with ... ; ģ,ģ ִ / - ģ In the course of the conversation, she carefully dropped a few ""casual"" remarks to indicate that she was thoroughly conversant with such playwrights as Beckett, Ionesco, and Pinter. ; The lawyer is conversant with all the evidence. ̾߱ ߿ ڴ ڱⰡ Beckett, Ionesco, Pinter ۰ ſ ģϴٴ Ͻø ִ  ǽ ȴ. ; ȣ Ÿ ˰ ִ. [+] acquainted" adage,"Ӵ n. wise saying: proverb ݾ: ݾ, Ӵ There is much truth in the old adage about fools and their money. Ӵ㿡 ٺ ׵ ִ. [+] saying" scintillate,"Ҳ ġ ̴ v. sparkle; flash Ҳ ƨ; ̴ I enjoy her dinner parties because the food is excellent and the conversation scintillates. ׳ Ƽ ϴ Ǹϰ ȭ ġ ̱ ̴. [+] glitter, shimmer, twinkle" impeccable," / ˰ a. im < in(=not) + pec (=sin) + able(=capable of) faultless ; incapable of doing wrong , ; <> ϴ / ϴ His feeling for the social graces was so impeccable that he could handle even the most difficult situations without unpleasantness or embarrassment. ; He was proud of his impeccable manners. Ϻ߱ ״ ƹ ̶ ϰų Ȳ ó ִ. ; ״ ڶߴ. [+] flawless, immaculate, irreproachable" connive, üϴ ()ϴ; ϴ ϴ affidavit,"ͻ / ͼ/ϴ n. written statement made under oath The court refused to accept his statement unless he presented it in the form of an affidavit. װ ʾҴٸ ʾ ̴." ramification," / б / ; б и; ȭ | ramous : /б n. branching out; subdivision ; ұ We must examine all the ramifications of this problem. 츮 ױ ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] divergence" rustic,"ðdz(rural) ð ҹ ܼ a. pertaining to country people; uncouth; typical of country life; simple ð; õ The backwoodsman looked out of place in his rustic attire.; When the Smiths moved to the country, they were surprised by their neighbor' rustic manners. ð߱ ̽ ؼ ʾҴ. [+] bucolic, pastoral, rural; crude, gauche" myriad,"; n. very large number Myriads of mosquitoes from the swamps invaded our village every twilight. ˿ Ź̰ 츮 ħ Դ." deride,"ϴ v. de(=down) + rid(=laugh) laugh scornfully at ; jeer / scoff at; to make fun of; to jeer ϴ ; / ϴ Obviously jealous of Peter's fine talk before the school assembly, Dan tried to deride him as ""the boy orator of East 7th Street"". ; The people derided his grandiose schemes.; His father deprived him of his allowance as a punishment for misbehaving. Peter лȸ ؼ Dan ׸ ""East 7 ҳ "" Ϸ ߴ . ; ε ȹ ߴ. [+] lout, mock, ridicule; [-] show respect( ̴)" vapid," a. insipid; inane , ; ֺ She delivered an uninspired and vapid address. ״ ߴ. [+] run vapid [] , þ" aphorism,"ݾ n. hor(=to bound) short, wise saying, maxim / pithy, ݾ, ݾ She embroidered the aphorism on a sampler. ; An aphorism differs from an adage in that it is more philosophical or scientific. ׳ ݾ ڼ Ҵ. ; 汸 ö̰ų ̶ Ӵ ٸ. [+] apothegm" amorphous," ° a. a < an(=not, without) + morph(=form) having no definite shape or form / shapeless ° , / The musical composition, with no melodic pattern and no well-defined structure of development, seemed amorphous to my ear. ; She was frightened by the amorphous mass which had floated in from the sea. ε ̳ Ϳ 鸰. ; ׳ ٴٿ  . [+] formless" prelude,"ְ overture n. introduction; forerunner; a preliminary event preceding a more important one Ұ; ְ; / Ӹ; I am afraid that this border raid is the prelude to more serious attacks.; Organ music is often a prelude to church services. ɰ ɱ Ѵ. [+] foreword, overture, preamble, preface, prologue" contiguous,"ϴ ϴ a. con(=with) + tig < ting(=touch) touching ; neighboring ; near / adjacent to; touching upon ϴ ; ̿ϴ ; ó / ; We rented a house fairly close to that of my wife's parents, but I made sure that the two were not contiguous . ; The two countries are contiguous for a few miles; then they are separated by the gulf. 츮 ó ʵ Ȯ ߴ. ; ִ. ׸ ִ. [+] abutting, adjacent, approximal" allege,"ܾϴ; ϴ ܴ; ϴ v. al < ad(=to, intensive) + leg(=send) speak clearly about something without proof / state without proof ϴ / ž ϴ; ܾϴ All of the applicants allege that they have the right background for the job, but we are not going to hire anyone without solid proof of qualifications. ; It is alleged that she had worked for the enemy. ڿڵ ڸ ִٰ 츮 ڰ Ȯ Ű ̴ ä ħ̴. ; ׳డ ߴٰ Ѵ. [+] adduce, affirm, assert, avouch, avow, declare" regimen,"̿ / ġ / ̿( a regulated course n. prescribed diet and habits ̿ I doubt whether the results warrant our living under such a strict regimen. ׷ ̿Ͽ 츮 ǽɽ. [+] (regi) з(NBA , 3 , Indiana Pacers) ̿(regimen) ϰ ִ." patriarch," ; ; θ Ȳ n. father and ruler of a family or tribe In many primitive tribes, the leader and lawmaker was the patriarch. 鿡 ־ ̸ Թڴ ̴." morose,"ħ(gloomy sullen) ѷ ¨ a. ill-humored; sullen ٷο, ù; ħ When we first meet Hamlet, we find him morose and depressed. ó ܸ 츮 װ ħϰ DZħϴٴ ˾Ҵ. [+] dour, gloomy, saturnine, sullen, morbid; [-] cheerful(); [-] charming(ŷִ, Ȱ)" adulation,"÷ n. flattery: admiration ÷: He thrived on the adulation of his henchmen. ״ ɺ ÷ ߴ. [+] blandishment" forensic,"( ) a. suitable to debate or courts of law ; In her best forensic manner, the lawyer addressed the jury. ȣ ּ ɿ ߴ. [+] controversial; juridical" crestfallen,"Ǯ DZħ a. dejected; dispirited ; Ⱑ We were surprised at his reaction to the failure of his project; instead of being crestfallen, he was busily engaged in planning new activities. 츮 ȹ п µ ״ Ǯ ױĿ ο Ȱ ȹϴ ٻ. [+] downcast, dejected, depressed, disconsolate, dispirited" vicissitude,"ȭ ħ ; ϱ n. vicis(=change) change, especially in somebody's fortunes / change of fortune ȭ, õ, , / ȭ The vicissitude of life may suddenly make a millionaire poor. ; I am accustomed to life's vicissitudes, having experienced poverty and wealth, sickness and health, and failure and success. λ ħ 鸸ڸ ڱ ̷ ִ. ; , ǰ ׸ п ұ ȭԿ ͼ ִ." tedium," n. boredom; weariness ; , , ο We hope this radio will help overcome the tedium of your stay in the hospital. Կ ִ ʰ ϴµ DZ ٶ. [+] ennui, irksomeness, monotony; a. tedious" contrived," ߸ a. forced; artificial; not spontaneous ,  Feeling ill at ease with his new in-laws, James made a few contrived attempts at conversation and then retreated into silence. ڱ ģô ӽ ȭ ٰ ̳ ħ Ű ־. [+] devised, invented" disparage,"ϴ / 躸 򺸴; ϴ ġ v. dis(=not) + par(=equal) say that someone or something is of small value or importance ; speak ill of / belittle 򺸴,躸 ; ,ϴ There must be a serious flaw in the character of a girl who makes it habit to disparage the abilities of her best friends. ; Do not disparage anyone's contribution; these little gifts add up to large sums. ſ ģ ɷ ҳ ΰݿ ɰ Ʋ. ;  ⿩ ؼ . ̷ ׸ ͵ ׿ ᱹ ū ǹǷ. [+] abuse, belittle, decry, depreciate, derogate, detract" erudite,"ڽ ; й a. e < ex(=out) + rud(=crude) having or showing a wide knowledge gained from reading ; learned / scholarly ڽ ; нִ / ; Lucy finally completed her erudite term paper, in which she quoted from more than a hundred sources, including ones in several foreign languages. ; His erudite writing was difficult to read because of the many allusions which were unfamiliar to most readers.; The editor did not want to publish such an erudite because he was afraid that no one would understand it. Lucy ᱹ ׳ ع б⸻Ʈ ϼߴµ ̸ ׳  ܱ ؼ 100 ̻ ڷῡ οߴ. ; ڽ κ ڵ鿡 Ͻõ бⰡ ƴ. [+] scholarly; [-] unlettered(ڸ 𸣴)" excise,( ) ϴ ... ϴ ߶󳻴; Ǫ Һ 㼼 epitome," ൵ ٰŸ; n. tom(=cut) summary, digest ; something which shows, on a small scale, the characteristics of something much larger / concise abstract , , ; ൵ / His sonnet was the epitome of all love poems. ; This final book is the epitome of all his previous books. ҳ ̾. ; å å ̴. [+] abstract, synopsis; recapitulation" vitiate,"... ġ ߸ ջŰ ġ; ȿ ϴ v. spoil the effect of; make inoperative ġ ߸, ȿ ϴ; ġ Fraud will vitiate the contract. ȿȭ ̴. [+] impair, injure, mar, spoil, tarnish; abolish, abrogate, annul, invalidate, nullify" triumvirate,1. 3ġ 3 2. 3 emaciate,... ϰ ϴ vicarious,"븮 븮 븮ϴ a. acting as a substitute; done by a deputy; a feeling of iden- tification with an- other;a substitute 븮 ϴ; 븮 Many people get a vicarious thrill at he movies by imagining they are the characters on the screen.; Although she had never travelde herself,she received vicarious pleasure from reading about interesting places. ڱⰡ ȭ鿡 ξ ν ȭ 븮 Ѵ. [+] vicar Ȳ 븮, 븮 ϱ... vicarious 븮ϴ...." evince,"ϴ / ( ) и Ÿ ϴ; ... ϴ; invoke- v. e < ex(=out, intensive) + vinc(=show, conquer) show that one has a feeling, quality, etc. / show clearly <<, >>Ÿ / и Ÿ, ϴ, ϴ The extraordinary musical talent of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart evined itself at an amazingly early age. ; When he tried to answer the questions, he evinced his ignorance of the subject matter. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart  ̿ Ÿ . ; װ Ϸ ڽ 巯 . [+] demonstrate, evidence, illustrate, manifest" pernicious,"; ĸ ġ(deadly) a. per(=through, thoroughly) + nic < noc(=harm, kill) injurious ; harmful ; fatal / very destructive طο ; ; ġ The more we studied the drug problem, the more we became aware of its pernicious influence on the American people today. ; He argued that these books had a pernicious effect on young and susceptible minds. ๮ ϸ Ҽ ó ̱ε鿡 ġ ˰ Ǿ. ; ״ å  鿡 طο ƴٰ ߴ. [+] baneful, miasmatic, noxious, pestilential, poisonous, toxic, virulent" interloper," / Ͽ ϴ (intruder); 㰡 n. intruder The merchant thought of his competitors as interlopers who were stealing away his trade. ڱ ڸ ڱ ŷ ä ߴ. [+] interferer, intruder" culpable," ִ a. culp(=blame, fault) + able(=capable of) blameworthy,deserving punishment / deserving blame ,ִ, / ޾ What do you think of the concept that when a crime is committed, society is often as culpable as the criminal? ; Corrupt politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are equally culpable.; In spite of efforts by several universities,eht cryptic symbols on the mural remained a mystery. ˰ ȸ ΰ å ִٴ  ⼼? ; ִ Ÿ ġε鵵 Ȱ 񳭹޾ ϴ. [+] blamable, blameworthy, censurable, impeachable, indictable, reprehensible" polarize,"ؼ ִ ȭϴ; 븳Ű пϴ v. pol(=axis of a sphere) cause to concentrate about two opposite, conflicting or contrasting positions / split into opposite extremes or camps ȭ Ű / пŰ A ""hard-line"" speech of that kind may gain her the applause of her followers, but its overall effect will be to polarize ideas and feelings throughout the country and impair natinal unity. ; the abortion issue has polarized the country into pro-choice and antiabortion comps. ׷ ""뼱"" ׳ ڵ ڼ ް ü ȿ ȭ Ѽ ȭ ջų ̴. ; ݴ еǾ. [+] dichotomize, separate" ambience," / ȯ (mood) n. environment; atmosphere , ȯ She went to the restaurant not for the food but for the ambience. ׳ Ļ纸ٴ ⸦ Ͽ . [+] atmosphere, environment, medium, milieu, surroundings" malapropism," 콺ν ; n. comic misuse of a word 콺ν ȥ When Mrs. Malaprop criticizes Lydia for being ""as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile,"" she confuses ""allegory"" and ""alligator"" in a typical malapropism. 簡 ƴ ""ϰ ִ ȭŭ̳ ϰϴ"" 콺ν 뿡 ̵ ""ȭ"" ""Ǿ"" ȥϰ ־." augment,"Ű ø; ô v. aug(=increase) make or become greater, increase; to increase ø, Ű<ϴ> / ̴ He will augment his income by tending bar at night. ; How can we hope to augment our forces when our allies are deserting us?; She speaks so softly that her voice is not audible in the back of the room. ״ 㿡 ؼ ø ̴ . ; 츮 ͱ 츮  츮 븦 ų ְڽϱ? [+] aggrandize, boost, expand, extend, magnify" litigate,Ҽϴ; /ϴ; peccadillo," ׸ n. slight offense If we examine these escapades carefully, we will realize that they are mere peccadilloes rather than major crimes. ̷ Ż غ 츮 װ͵ ū ˶ ٴ ߸ ˰ ̴. [+] misdemeanor" effusive," 帣 / a ġ a. ef < ex(=out) + fus(=pour) expressing excessive emotion in an unrestrained manner ; pouring out ; overflowing / pouring forth; gushing ϴ, ʴ ; ; 帣 / Not until later did I realize that their effusive expression!s of interest in our welfare were insincere and self-serving. ; Her effusive manner of greeting her friends finally began to irritate them. ׵ 츮 dz ǥߴ Ҽϰ ̱̾ٴ ڿ ޾Ҵ. ; ׳ ģ ʹ λϴ ׳ µ ħ ȭ ." chaff," ⵿ n. worthless products of an endeavor հ When you separate the wheat from the chaff, be sure you throw out the chaff. п հܸ и հܴ ." archipelago,"( ) n. group of closely located islands When ho looked at the map and saw the archipelagoes in the South Seas, he longed to visit them. ״ ű⿡ ⸦ ٷ." impregnable,"Ҷ ߰ a. invulnerable Ҷ; ߰ Until the development of the airplane as a military weapon, the fort was considered impregnable. μ Ⱑ ߵDZ Ҷ . [+] indomitable, invincible, unconquerable, undefeatable" annex,ΰϴ ÷ϴ quell,"ϴ / ( ȥ) () ﴩ v. put down; quiet; to make quiet; to subdue ϴ; ϰ ϴ The police used fire hoses and tear gas to quell the rioters.; The National Guard was called in to quell the riot. ϱ ҹ ȣ ַ ߴ. [+] subdue, suppress, quench; ant. foment; [-] foment(ϴ)" avid,"Ž彺 avarice; arid- a. greedy; eager for ɸ; - He was avid for learning and read everything he could get. ״ Ƽ װ ִ о. [+] covetous, gluttonous; [-] indifferent()" posthumous," Ŀ a. hum(=earth) after death, often said of writings published after the author's death ; born after the death of its father ; ڷ ¾ The posthumous publication will assure his fame. ; The critics ignored his works during his lifetime; it was only after the posthumous publication of his last novel that they recognized his great talent Ȯ ̴. ; 򰡵 ÿ ǰ ߴ. ׵ پ Ҽ ǵ Ŀ. [+] postmortal" momentum," Ÿ; ⼼ n. quantity of motion of a moving body; impetus ; The car lost momentum as it tried to ascend the steep hill. ĸ Ҿȴ." expunge,"... ()ϴ ... ִ; Ű efface excise v. cancel; remove ; ϴ If you behave, I will expunge this notation from your record. ó ϸ Ͽ κ ̴. [+] delete, efface, erase, obliterate" tumult,"Ҷ / 1. ū ҵ Ҷ 2. turmoil n. commotion; riot; noise; noisy commotion ū ҵ, Ҷ She could not make herself heard over the tumult of the mob.; He could not be heard over the tumult of angry voices. ׳ Ҷ ڱ . [+] clamor, hubbub, pandemonium, turbulence, uproar" chaste," / (ü) ; a. pure Her chaste and decorous garb was appropriately selected for the solemnity of the occasion.; The chasm in this area were caused by glaciers as they receded during the Ice Age. ׳ ϰ Ǻ ǽ ° õ ̾. [+] decent, immaculate, stainless, unblemished, undefiled, unsullied" rend,"пŰ /... ° μ / rant-ȣϴ rent-ƴ v. split; tear apart ; In his grief, he tried to rend his garments. ״ ߴ. [+] cleave, tear, lacerate; rend r end (rend) ̴." ostracize,"߹ϴ ôϴ relegate v. ostrac(=shell) shut out from society ; refuse to meet, talk to, etc. / exclude from public favor; ban <ȸ> ߹ϴ ; ôϴ, ϴ The ancient Greeks ostracized a dangerous citizen by public vote. ; As soon as the newspapers carried the story of his connection with the criminals, his friends began to ostracize him. ε ǥ ù ߹ߴ . ; Ź ڵ ü ģ ׸ ôϱ ߴ. [+] banish, exile, expatriate, expel, relegate, oust" dirge,"۰ n. lament with music ۰, The funeral dirge stirred us to tears. ۰ . [+] elegy, requiem, threnody" repress,... ϴ ; ... ϴ verge,"𼭸 ڸ; brink n. border; edge ڸ Madame Curie knew she was on the verge of discovering the secrets of radioactive elements. ڽ ˾Ҵ. [+] fringe, margin" acerbic,() Ŷ acrimonious,"Ŷ ȣ a. stinging: caustic : ż His tendency to utter acrimonious remarks alienated his audience. Ŷϰ ϴ ״ ûߵκ ־. [+] acerbic, acidulous, mordant, sarcastic, scathing, trenchant" precipitous,"ĸ (steep); Ȳ մ a. steep ; ĸ This hill is difficult to climb because it is so precipitous ʹ ĸ Ⱑ ƴ. [+] clifflike" mire,"â / v. entangle; stick in swampy ground Ƴִ; ӿ ߸; Their rear wheels became mired in mud. ׵ ޹ 뿡 . [+] embroil, implicate, tangle" balk,"ϴ / ϴ / ڱ ; ϴ v. foil ϴ, ϴ, Ű When the warden learned that several inmates were planning to escape, he took steps to balk their attempt. ڵ Ż ȹϰ ִٴ ˾ ׵ õ ϱ ġ ߴ. [+] baffle, circumvent, foil, frustrate, thwart" herald, / ϴ / ϴ / ( ˸) (harbinger) perjury," ͼ ľ n. per(=falsely) + jur(=swear, law) the act of making a false statement after taking an oath to tell the truth ; wilful false statement / false testimony while under oath , ; She may have given wrong information in court, but this was an honest mistake and certainly does not make her guilty of perjury . ; When several witnesses appeared to challenge his story, he was indicted for perjury. ׳డ Ʋ ־ װ Ǽ⶧ ˰ Ǵ ƴϴ. ; ڵ ⿡ ݹ ״ ˷ ҵǾ. [+] forswearing; [-] truthful deposition( )" onerous," a. burdensome δ㽺 He asked for an assistant because his work load was too onerous. ״ ڱ ʹ ܿ ûߴ. [+] cumbersome, oppressive, troublesome; [-] requiring little effort( 䱸ġ ʴ)" tenable,ݿ ߵ ִ ִ ִ stringent," ׷ a. string(=tie) + ent(=having the quality of) strict, severe, that must be obeyed ; tight, difficult to operate because of scarcity of money / binding; rigid <<Ģ>>, , ; <<>> , , ȵ / ӷ ִ; Ȥ Do we need new laws to combat crime, or rather, more stringent enforcement of the laws we already have? ; I think these regulations are too stringent. ˸ ġϱ ο ʿұ, ƴϸ ̹ ִ ʿ䰡 ? ; ʹ ϴٰ Ѵ. [+] austere, rigorous, severe, strict" concede,"... ϴ ... (Ǹ Ưμ) ϴ ϴ avow v. con(=with) + ced(=go) admit something to be true ; yield ; give a right, a privilege, etc. ϴ ; 纸ϴ ; ִ / ϴ, / ϴ; He talks about a great game of tennis, but I concede nothing to him until he has shown that he can beat me on the court. ; Despite all the evidence Monica had assembled, Mark refused to concede that she was right. װ ߿ ״Ͻ ⿡ ؼ ̾߱ װ ڿƮ ̱ ׿ ƹ͵ ʴ´. ; ī ſ ұϰ ũ ׳డ Ǵٴ ʾҴ. [+] acknowledge, admit, avow" ordinance," ǽ decree mandate n. decree ; Passing a red light is a violation of a city ordinance. ȣ ʸ ϴ ̴. [+] decree, precept, regulation, statute" insurrection," ݶ; resurrection-Ȱ n. rebellion; uprising , ݶ; ݶ, Given the current state of affairs in South Africa, an insurrection seems unavoidable. ī . [+] insurgence, mutiny" sedition,"ݿ(treason); ġ n. it(=go) tumult, < opp.> allegiance / resistance to authority; insubordination , ݶ / , Ҷ The rebel leader was convicted of dedition . ; His words, though not treasonous in themselves, were calculated to arouse thoughts of sedition. ݶ ڴ ǰ ޾Ҵ. ; üμ ݿ ҷų ִ 򰡵Ǿ. [+] mutiny, rebellion, treason" vogue," / ( ñ) (ǰ) (fashion); α ȣ; vague-ȣ n. popular fashion Jeans became the vogue on many college campuses. û ϰ Ǿ. [+] mode" fabrication,ٹ ; ; ǰ verdant,"ŷ ǪǪ; ̼ a. green; fresh ǪǪ; ż The verdant meadows in the spring are always an inspiring sight. Ǫ ׻ ִ ̴. [+] cf. vernal (); [-] sere(õ)" embryonic,"¾ / ̹ߴ ̼; ¾ »; ߾Ʊ a. undeveloped; rudimentary ̹ߴ; ¾ The evil of class and race hatred must be eliminated while it is still in an embryonic state; otherwise, it may grow to dangerous proportions. ް ʱ ܰ迡 Ǿ ׷ Ŀ ȴ. [+] basal, elementary" cordial," /  մ; ɼ loyalty n.a. cord(=heart) + i(=s.e.) + al(=nature of) sweetened and invigorating liquor / warm and sincere in feeling or behavior ϰ / κ,ɿ / 췯, / ɿ 췯 Although I had never even met her, the letters she wrote me were so cordial that I felt we were old friends. ; Our hosts greeted us at the airport with a cordial welcome and a hearty hug. ׳ฦ ׳డ ɿ 췯 ̱ 츮 ģ . ; ׿ ɿ 췯 ȯ 츮 λߴ. [+] sincere" relegate,"߹ϴ / Ѵ ߹ϴ ġ v. re(=back) + leg(=send) send someone to a lower position or grade ; hand over a matter for decision or carrying out / banish; consign to inferior position ߸, õŰ ; ̰ϴ / ߹ϴ; õϴ When Mr. Kummer saw my pathetically inept efforts to prepare a banana split, I was relegated to the ranks of the unemployed. ; If we relegate these experienced people to positions of unimportance because of their political persuasions, we shall lose the services of valuably trained personnel. ֽ ٳ ø ϳ  ϴ Kummer ˾ Ǿ . ; 츮 ̷ dz ׵ ġ ذ (츮) ٸٴ õŲٸ, 츮 Ұ ̴. [+] exile, expatriate, expel, ostracize; (renegade) ߹ؾ(relegate) Ѵ." stupendous, / 1. 2. û ū Ŵ meander,"ġ / ó Ȳϴ / ٺҲٺ ư ó ȴ ... η ϴ v. to wind or turn in its course 帣 It is difficult to sail up this stream because of the way it meanders through the countryside. ó ð ٺҲٺ 帣 ־ Ž ö󰡱 ƴ. [-] move purposively(ǵ ̴)" pervade,θ ϴ ġ equestrian," öź ; (ة) n. rider on horseback These paths in the park are reserved for equestrians and their steeds. ¸ڿ ׵ õ ̴." consolidate,պ/ϴ; ȭϴ ϴ corrugated," ָ ִ | rugged : a. wrinkled;ridged ָ She wished ahe could smoothe away the wrinkles from his corrugated brow. ׳ ̸ ִ ָ ; ᱹ ϰ Ҵ. [-] smooth(Ų)" obsequious,"÷ϴ ˶Ÿ a. ob(=in the way) + sequ(=follow) too eager to obey or advantage ; showing excessive respect from hope of reward or advantage / slavishly attentive; servile; sycophantic; obedient;servile ÷ϴ ; ˶Ÿ / ; ϴ During imperial times, the Roman Senate was little more than a collection of obsequious yes men, intent on preserving their own lives by gratifying the Emperor's every whim. ; Nothing is more disgusting to me than the obsequious demeanor of the people who wait upon you.; His obsequius submission to his boss s ideas disgusted his fellow workers. ô θ ο Ȳ μ ڽ ϰ ÷ϴ ܿ Ұߴ. ; ſ ߵ ƺϴ ൿ . [+] fawning, toadying, truckling" hypocrisy, ; ... ôϴ entreat,"ûϴ / () ûϴ źϴ Źϴ v. en(=in) + treat < tract(=draw) ask someone earnestly ; implore / plead; ask earnestly ûϴ ; źϴ I know from personal experience how much harm smoking can do, and I entreat you not to get started on that miserable habit. ; She entreated her father to let her stay out till midnight. 󸶳 ظ ġ° ˱ ʵ ûմϴ . ; ׳ ؼ ְ ޶ ƹ . [+] beg, beseech, implore, import!une, supplicate" palliate,"ӽ ȭŰ ٸ缭 ϴ ϴ; ϴ v. ease pain; make less guilty of offensive ׷ ϴ; ϴ Doctors must palliate that which they cannot cure. ǻ ׵ ġ ȭѾ Ѵ. [+] alleviate, mitigate, moderate, soften" slake,"1. () (quench) 2. () ä 3. ȭŰ v. quench; sate ; Ű When we reached the oasis, we were able to slake our thirst. 츮 ƽý Ǯ ־. [+] abate, allay" peculiar,1. ⹦ 2. Ư Ư purblind,"ݼҰ ħħ а a. dim-sighted; obtuse ο; In his purblind condition, he could not identify the people he saw. ħħϿ ״ ڱⰡ . [+] dull, stupid" ignominy, Ҹ ġ efficacy,"ȿ ȿ n. power to produce desired effect ȿ The efficacy of this drug depends on the regularity of the dosage. ȿ Ģ 뿡 ޷ ִ. [+] capability, effectiveness, efficiency, potency" inept," ٺ  a. in(=not) + ept2. not suitable to the purpose ; wrong in a foolish and awkward way / unsuited; absurd; incompetent ; , ,  / , ʴ; ո; You may criticize the roads and the lights, but the fact is that most automobile accidents are caused simply by inept drives. ; The constant turmoil in the office proved that she was an inept administrator. ̳ ε κ ڵ ڿ ؼ ߱ȴٴ ̴. ; 繫ǿ ߻ Ҷ ׳ ڿ Ÿ . [+] inappropriate" armament, penchant,"ȣ n. strong inclination; liking ; ȣ He had a strong penchant for sculpture and owned many statues. ״ ̰ ؼ ߾. [+] predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency; [-] dislike()" homogeneous," (uniform) a. gen(=birth,kind) of the same kind / The immigrants added diversity to the homogeneous neighborhood. ; Educators try to put pupils of similar abilities into classes because they believe that this homogeneous grouping is advisable. ̹ε ̿ ȭ ־. ; ڵ ɷ л Ϸ ϴµ װ ̷ ٶϴٰ ϱ ̴." covenant," ;; δ () v. co < con(=together) + ven(=come) formed agreement that is legally binding < ӷ ִ> Twice in the 20th century, the nations of the world have entered into a covenant to cooperate in safegurading international peace and in seeking a better life for all peoples. ; We must comply with the terms of the covenant. 20  ι̳ ȭ ȣϰ Ȱ ߱ϴµ ϰڴٴ ξ. ; 츮 ǿ ߸ Ѵ. [+] agreement, compact, contract, convention, transaction" distend,"Ǯ âŰ; Ű v. expand; swell out ; Ǯ I can tell when he is under stress by the way the veins distend on his forehead. ̸ Ӿ װ ִ. [+] dilate, inflate, swell; [-] constrict(, ϴ)" subordinate,ϱ / ϴ μϴ; Ʒ impending,"ӹ / ڵ ӹ(imminent) a. im < in(=on) + pend(=hang, weigh) about to happen soon ; imminent ; overhanging / nearing; approaching ӹ ; ; ɸ, 帮 / ٰ The mayor spoke of impending disaster unless measures were taken immediately to conserve the water supply. ; The entire country was saddened by the news of his impending death. ڿ ȣ ó ٰ ӹ 糭 ؼ ߴ. ; ӹ ҽ Ŀ . [+] imminent, proximate" visionary," ȯ Ѵ n.a. vis(=look) + ion(=state) + ary(=relating to) visionary person / existing only in a vision or the imagination ; unpractical ; fanciful / produced by imagination; mystical , / ȯ, ; ƴ ; / ; ź To the enthusiasm and dedication of the typical visionary he added the cool, realistic judgment of the practical business executive. ; She was given to visionary schemes which never materialized. ״ ȯ ſ ȸ Ǹ ߿μ öϰ Ǵܷ ٿ ־. ; ׳ ȹ ο ޾Ҵ. [+] delusory; quixotic, unpractical" bovine, / а / Ұ replete," 游; θ a. re(=intensive) + plet(=fill) well-filled or plentifully supplied ; stuffed with food and drink, gorged / filled to capacity; abundantly supplied , 游, ; , / ä; dzϰ ޵ One can easily understand the popularity of a novel so replete with interesting situations, believable characters, and stimulating ideas. ; This book is replete with humorous situations. ִ Ȳ ι ׸ 游 Ҽ αⰡ ִ 縮 ִ. ; å ͻ콺 Ȳ ִ. [+] adequate, sufficient; cf) deplete Ű" vagary," ൿ n. caprice; whim , () She followed every vagary of fashion. ׳ ѾҴ. [+] (burger) ̰Ÿ(vagary) ϴ (vagary)̴." discomfit,"Ű / ... ȹ Ű(frustrate); Ȳϴ confuged v. dis(=not) + com < con(=thoroughly) + fit(=make, do) frustrate the plans or expectations of ; make someone uneasy or confused / put to rout; defeat; disconcert Ű ; Ȳϴ / ֽŰ; ĺμ; Ȳ ϴ, If you go to the interview well-prepared and in the right frame of mind, there will be no need for you to feel discomfited by even the most probing questions. ; This ruse will discomfit the enemy. غ ߰ ٸ ڼ ͺ信 ϸ ƹ ij Ȳ ʿ䰡 ̴. ; 跫 Ȳ ̴. [+] abash, confound, confuse, disconcert, discountenance, embarrass" pertinent," ... õ(relevant) a. suitable; to the point - ; Ÿ; ִ; ϴ The lawyer wanted to know all the pertinent details. ȣ õ ˰ ;ߴ. [+] applicable, apposite, apropos, germane, relevant" referendum,(Ϲ)ǥ ǥ crass,"  ͹Ͼ dull a. very unrefined; grossly insensible ǰ ; The philosophers deplored the crass commercialism. öڵ Ǹ źߴ. [+] coarse, gross, raw, uncouth, unrefined; [-] refined()" attest,"ϴ ϴ v. testify; bear witness ϴ; ϴ; ϴ Having served as a member of the Grand Jury, I can attest that our system of indicting individuals is in need of improvement. ɿ ߾ ϴ 츮 뼱 ʿϴٴ ִ. [+] certify, vouch" reprisal," Ӱ ; Ƿ n. re(=back) + pris(=take) injury or revenge done in return for an injury, especially by one country to another in a war / retaliation Ӱ, Although our society must punish criminals, I don't think we should do so simply as a reprisal for the wrongs they have committed. ; I am confident that we are ready for any reprisals the enemy may undertake. 츮 ȸ ڵ óؾϰ ׵ ࿡ ׷ ؼ ȵȴٰ Ѵ. ; ִ  츮 ϰ ִٰ ȮѴ. [+] avengement, retribution, vengeance" vie,"ϴ ܷ 쿭 v. contend; compete ϴ; ϴ When we vie with each other for his approval, we are merely weakening ourselves and strengthening him. ޱ 츮 ϰ 츮 츮 ڽ ȭŰ鼭 ״ ȭְ ִ ̴. [+] a. vying" titillate,"... v. tickle , ϴ, ̳ ִ I am here not to titillate my audience but to enlighten it. û ؼ ƴ϶ ׵ ȭ Ű Դ. [+] cf. disport, amuse" decimate," ̴; 10 1 ϴ v. mate(=dead) kill many people / usually one out of ten < > ̴ / Ѹ÷ ̴, Smallpox began to decimate the population. ; We do more to decimate our population in automobile accidents than we do in war. õΰ ֹ ̱ ߴ. ; ڵ ߿ Ƿ ״´. [+] annihilate, slaughter" usurp,"ħŻϴ / Ƿ̳ Ѵ Żϴ ħϴ v. seize power; supplant Ѵ? Żϴ The revolution ended when the victorious rebel leader usurped the throne. ¸ ݿ θӸ Żν ȴ. [+] arrogate, appropriate, commandeer" retrospect,ȸ ȸ stipulate,"ϴ 䱸(Ը)ϴ v. stip(=press together) + ul(=s.e.) + ate(=make) state or put forward as a necessary condition ; insist upon as part of an agreement / make express conditions; specify <<ʿ>> ϴ, ϴ ; << Ϻημ>>ϴ,䱸ϴ / ϴ, If the contract was framed by a good lawyer, it will stipulate exactly when, where, and how payment is to be made. ; Before agreeing to reduce American military forces in Europe, the president stipulated that NATO teams be allowed to inspect Soviet bases. ༭ Ǹ ۼǾٸ  ؾ ϴ° Ȯϰ ̴ . ; ҽ۵ ϱ NATO ҷ ϴ ǵ 䱸ߴ. [+] designate, detail, specificate" precocious," a. pre(=before) + coc(=to mature, cook) having developed certain faculties earlier than is normal / developed ahead of time Far from being precocious as a small child, the great Albert Einstein was actually somewhat slow in learning to talk. ; By her rather adult manner of discussing serious topics, the child demonstrated that she was precocious. ַμ ϱ Ŀ Albet Einstein µ ־ ణ ȴ. ; δٿ µ ν ̴ Ÿ . [+] premature" precursor," n. pre(=before) + curs(=run) harbringer: forerunner ; sign ; a predecessor as in office , ; ; Experience has shown that an increse in housing construction is the precursor of a general economic upturn. ; Gray and burns were precursors of the Romantic Movement in English literature. ðǼ Ϲ ȣ ־. ; ׷̿ п  ڵ̾. [+] harbinger, herald" parochial,"; a. narrow in outlook; provincial; related to parishes Although Jane Austen writes novels set in small rural communities, her concerns are universal, not parochial. ƾ ð Ҽ ׳ ʰ ̴. [+] insular, sectarian" puritanical,û ſ expedite,ϴ ϴ; İϴ ޼ϴ arrant,"ö a. thorough; complete; unmitigated ö; ; ""Arrant knave,"" an epithet found in books dealing with the age of chivalry, is a term of condemnation. ô븦 ٷ å ӿ "" "" ϴ ̴." itinerant,"ȸϴ ϴ ȸ a. wandering; traveling ȸϴ; ٴϴ He was an itinerant peddle and traveled through Pennsylvania and Virginia selling his wares. ״ ̾Ƿ ö ȸ鼭 ǹٴϾƿ Ͼָ η ٳ. [+] ambulatory, nomadic, peripatetic" temerity," (boldness; recklessness; audacity) n. boldness; rashness ?? Do you have the temerity to argue with me? ¯ ִ°? [+] audacity, foolhardiness, heedlessness, recklessness, precipitateness" elicit,"ϴ / ̲ س ~a laugh from ~a reply elicitation n v. e < ex(=out) + lic(=entice, permit) draw out ; evoke / draw out by discussion <<ǵ>>̲ ; <<, >>س / ؼ ̲ Ms. Mizote is so accomplished a teacher that she can elicit some degree of interest and attention from even the most withdrawn children. ; The detectives tried to elicit where he had hidden his loot. Mizote ſ Ǹ ̱ лκͶ ̿ Ǹ  ִ . ; װ 幰 ֽ. [+] educe, evince, extract" coalesce,"ϴ ϴ; սŰ v. combine; fuse ϴ; սŰ The brooks coalesce into one large river. ϳ ū . [+] adhere, associate, cling, combine, conjoin, fuse, mingle, stick" sect, . Ĺ bucolic," ġ ҹ; a. rustic; pastoral ð; The meadow was the scene of bucolic gaiety. 忡 Ȱ ִ. [+] rural, pastoral, rustic" embroil,"ݸŰ / ȥŰ / ( )... ̴ ۽ ִ; ȥŰ ϰ ϴ v. throw into confusion; involve in strife; entangle ȥ ϴ; бԽŰ; ϴ He became embroiled in the heated discussion when he tried to arbitrate the dispute. ״ Ϸٰ п . [+] implicate" inalienable,"絵 ̾ | alienate : ̰ϴ / 絵ϴ a. not to be taken away; nontransferable ̾ ; 絵 The Declaration of Independence mentions the inalienable rights that all of us possess. 츮 ΰ ϰ ִ 絵 Ǹ ϰ ִ." philanthropy,ھ ڼ; ڼ Ȱ ڼ evoke,"ϱ / ( ) ǻ ȯϴ () ھƳ ̲ elicit ct v. e < ex(=out, up) + vok/voc(=call) call forth or summon a spirit, etc. ; draw forth or elicit a particular mental image, reaction, etc. <<ȥ >>ҷ ; ҷŰ, ȯŰ That old song never fails to evoke memories of our wonderful summer vacations at the lake. ; He evoked much criticism by his hostile manner. 뷡 ݵ ȣ 츮 ſ ް . ; ״ ڽ µ ޾Ҵ. [+] educe, elicit, evince, extract" astute," ƴ; Ȱ a. wise; shrewd Ȱ; That was a very astute observation. I shall heed it. װ ƴ ̾. ׷ װͿ ̴. [+] acute" appurtenance,μӹ μ appendage abnegate,ϴ ϴ contingent,"... ϴ Ȯ ִ a. conditional -ϱ ; - Ͽ ޷ ִ The continuation of this contract is contingent on the quality of your first output. ༭ Ӽ ù ǰ ޷ ִ. [+] dependent, reliant" precipitate,"ιġ ϴ / Ű / ڱ ߸ / ϴ v. throw headlong; hasten / rash Ųٷ ߸; ϴ / Ųٷ; Do not be precipitate in this matter; investigate further. ; The removal of American political support appears to have precipitated the downfall of the Marcos regime. ƶ. ; ̱ ġ ߴܵ ڽ ȭǾ. [+] hasty, impetuous, expedite; [-] deliberate(ϰ ϴ); [-] deliberate(ϴ, ϴ)" theology, ɸ angst,ҾȰ waft,"(Ư ) 帣 εϴ v. moved gently by wind or waves 鸮, ̴ Daydreaming, he gazed at the leaves which wafted past his window. ä ״ â ٵ ϰ ־. [+] wave" lugubrious,"óο / ϴ; a. mournful óο The lugubrious howling of the dogs added to our sadness. óο Ҹ 츮 ߴ. [+] doleful, dolorous, lamentable, plaintive, woeful" homage," n. honor; tribute; allegiance; respect , In her speech she tried to pay homage to a great man.; The nation paid homage to their dead leader by lowering the flag to half-mast. ׳ Ÿ Ϸ ֽ. [+] deference, obeisance, reverence" chicanery,"ٸ ߻ Ӽ n. trickery Ӽ; ٸ With her cheerful smile and rosy cheeks, she was a particularly cherubic child. ׳ ູ ̼ҿ ̺ ſ ̿. [+] deception, machination, plot, trickery; [-] aboveboard action( ൿ)" recant,"öȸϴ / ž̳ ٲٴ ϴ öȸϴ v. re(=back, away) + cant(=sing) withdraw or renounce beliefs, statement, etc. in a formal or public manner / repudiate; withdraw previous statement ϴ, öȸϴ / öȸϴ What a mockery it is for intellectuals, terrorized by a dictatorship, to recant publicly the ideas and ideals on which they have based their lives! ; Unless you recant your confession, you will be punished severely. ε 翡 ԰ ׵ λ ̾ ̻ ϴ 󸶳 հŸ̳? ; ó ̴. [+] ٽ(re) ϱ(can't) ϴ, öȸϴ. (recant); [-] affirm(Ȯϴ)" sporadic," ߻ϴ / ߼ / | ߻ϴ(spot + radical) a. occurring irregularly; happening from time to time Although there are sporadic outbursts of shooting, we may report that the major rebellion has been defeated.; The candidate's speech was interrupted applause. Ѱ ־ ߿ ݶ еǾٰ . [+] ִ (spot)̳ (spot) (radiant) ִ (sporadic) ̴." bon,̽İ intricate, / ھ / Ų; succinct," a. suc < sub(=under, precisely) + cinct(=gird, bind) terse ; expressed briefly and clearly / compact ; / ; ¥ӻ ִ The reporter gave the rewrite man a succinct account of what had happened, and the city editor had it expanded into a feature story. ; His remarks are always succinct and pointed. ڰ Ͼ ľ Ѱָ ȸ װ Ư Ȯߴ. ; ߾ ׻ ϰ ϴ. [+] concise, laconic, pithy" bluster,(ٶ ) ָ ġ Ҹ magnate,"Ź / ȣ; Ź n. person of prominence or influence Ź The steel magnate decided to devote more time to city politics. ö Ź ġ ð ߴ. [+] tycoon" confluence,"շ ( ) n. flowing to gether; crowd շ They built the city at the confluence of two rivers. ׵ 2 շϴ ø . [+] concourse, concussion, junction" rudimentary,"⺻ ʺ; ̼ a. not developed; elementary ʺ; His dancing was limited to a few rudimentary steps. ʺ ܰ踸 Ǿ. [+] basal, embryonic" allegory,"ȭ dz ¡ n. story in which characters are used as symbols: fable ι ¡ ̿Ǵ ̾߱: ȭ ""Pilgrim's Progress"" is an allegory of the temptations and victories of man's soul. 'õο' ΰ ȥ Ȥ ׿ ¸ ִ ̾߱. [+] apologue, parable" emancipate,"... عϴ Ӱ ϴ v. e < ex(=out) + man2. set free a slave, etc. ; release from bondage, servitude, or serfdom <뿹> عϴ ; ִ / عŰ It is up to all of us to emancipate ourselves from prejudices false ideas acquired early in life. ; At first, the attempts of the Abolitionists to emancipate the slaves were unpopular in New England as well as in the South. ߰ ׸ 信 츮 ڽ عŰ 츮 å̴. ; ó 뿹 عŰ ߴ 뿹 ڵ õ ο ױ۷ 濡 αⰡ . [+] liberate, manumit, release, unshackle" confound,Ȳϴ ȥϴ ... ڼ confused convivial,"ȯ ȸ; a. con(=together) + viv(=live) gay ; cheerful ; fond of chatting, merry-making, drinking, etc. ; of a feast or an official dinner / festive; characterized by joviality ſ ; ; ð ϴ ; ֿ,ȸ / Can you think of anything more pleasant than to spend Thanksgiving with a large and convivial family group? ; The convivial celebrators of the victory sang their college songs. ܿϴ Բ ߼ ͺ ſ س ֽϱ? ; ſϴ ¸ ڵ ׵ 뷡 ҷ. [+] jocund, jolly, vivacious" prattle," Ÿ / 붰 ϴ v. babble  ó ϴ The little girl prattled endlessly about her dolls.  ҳ ׳ 鿡 Ͽ ˴." cadence," n. rhythmic rise and fall (of words; sounds); beat , Marching down the road, the troops sang out, following the cadence set by the sergeant. Ʒ ϸ鼭 ϻ 뿡 ũ ҷ. [+] beat, rhyme" collusion," Ź n. col < con(=together) + lus/lud(=laugh, play) secret agreement for an unlawful or evil purpose / conspiring in a fraudulent scheme ,Ź / ( ȹ) The gambler's prediction of the scores of the games proved so incredibly accurate that we begin to suspect some form of collusion . ; The swindlers were found guilty of collusion. ھ ڻ Ǿƽ Ȯ߱ 츮  ǽϱ ߴ. ; ۵ ˰ . [+] complicity, connivance" requisite,"ʿ ʼ ʼ n. re(=intensive, again) + quisit(=ask) thing needed or required by circumstances or for success / necessary requirement ʿ, ʿ买 / ʿ Scholastic proficiency, emotional stability, and genuine interesr in helping young people are the requisites for a good teacher. ; Many colleges state that a student must offer three years of a language as a requisite for admission. ɷ, , ׸ ̵ µ ٿ Ǹ ʼ ̴. ; е 㰡 ʼ л鿡 ܱ 3Ⱓ ߴٴ ̵ ߴ. [+] prerequisite, requirement; cf. perquisite (ӽ , μ)" perturb,"ϴ ȥŰ v. per(=intensive) + turb(=agitate) disturb ; make afraid or anxious / disturb greatly ϴ ; Ҿ<>ϰϴ / Jane Adams was the kind of woman who was not only deeply perturbed by the sufferings of other people but who tried hard to do something to help them. ; I am afraid this news will perturb him and cause him grief. Jane Adams ٸ 뿡 ο Ӹ ƴ϶ ׵ ΰ Ϸ ϴ ׷ ̾. ; ҽĿ װ Ȳϰ ұ ηƴ. [+] agitate, discompose, disquiet, disturb, upset" jocular,"콺ν ͻ a. said or done in jest , Do not take my jocular remarks seriously. ϰ ޾Ƶ . [+] droll, facetious, humorous, jocose, ludicrous, witty; [-] serious(ɰ)" extrapolate,迡 ܻ ϴ ܻ ϴ; ߷ϴ brevity," ª n. brev(=short) + ity(=that which) shortness of statements, human life and other nonmaterial things / conciseness <<, λ, ΰ>> ª, Shakespeare expressed the tragic brevity of life by comparing it to a candle that must soon go out. ; Brevity is essential when you send a telegram or cablegram; you are charged for every word. Shakespeare ª λ ϴ кҿ ؼ ǥߴ. ; ̺ ʼ̴. ֳϸ ڿ DZ ̴. [+] conciseness, succinctness" jaunt,"dz n. trip; short journey dz; ª He took a quick jaunt to Atlantic City. ״ ƲŸ÷ ª ߴ. [+] junket" callow," Dz a. unfledged; youthful ; ̼ In that youthful movement, the leaders were only a little less callow than their immature followers. û  ڵ ׵ ̼ ںٴ  ̾. [+] immature, juvenile, unfledged" quotidian, ordinary prerogative,"Ư Ư; 켱 ǥ n. pre(=before) + rog(=ask) a right or previlege that belongs to a person, class, etc. according to rank or position / privilege; unquestionable right Ư, / Ư Anyone who thinks that is still a gentleman's prerogative to ask a lady to dance didn't attend our Senior Prom. ; The president cannot levy taxes; that is the prerogative of the legislative branch of government. ࿡ Źϴ Ż Ư ̶ ϴ 츮 ȸ غ ̴. ; . װ Թ Ư̴." pundit,"ڽ erudite n. learned Hindu; any learned man; authority on a subject ε ; н;  о Even though he discourses on the matter like a pundit, he is actually rather ignorant about this topic. ڽ ó ̾߱ ״ ؼ ϴ." exonerate,"ϴ / 뼭ϴ ϴ ˷ ϴ v. ex(=out) + oner(=burden) + ate(=make) relieve of a burden, obligation, etc. ; free from a charge or the imputation of guilt, exculpate / acquit; ϴ ; ˷ϴ / ˷ ϴ; 뼭ϴ The story of his unhappy childhood aroused our sympathy but did not exonerate him from the charge of criminal assault on aged ladies. ; I am sure this letter naming the actual culprit will exonerate you. ߴ  ̾߱Ⱑ 츮 ҷ װ ڵ鿡 ߴٴ ˴ . ; ̸ ָ ȮѴ. [+] absolve, acquit, vindicate" banter,  obtuse," Ӹ a. blunt; stupid ; Because he was so obtuse, he could not follow the teacher's reasoning and asked foolish questions. ״ ʹ аϿ ߷ ٺ Ͽ. [+] cf. an obtuse angle (а), an acute angle()" paranormal,ʰ / / ڿ rue,1. ϴ(mourn) ϴ 2. ȸϴ woe veneer,"; ġ n. thin layer; cover Ͼ, ; ġ Casual acquaintances were deceived by his veneer of sophistication and failed to recognize his fundamental shallowness. ׸ ϴ ÿ ӾƼ õ ν ߴ." egregious,"û ͹Ͼ ͸ () پ a. e < ex(=out) + greg(=flock, mob) remarkably bad ; outstanding, used for someone or something bad ; flagrant / gross; shocking ; ε巯, ƯⳭ<<۶濡 >> ; ͹Ͼ,  / ; ; û When the results of her mistakes became obvious, she gained a well-deserved reputation for being an egregious blunder. ; She was an egregious liar and we could never believe her. Ǽ и ׳ Ǽ ̶ 翬 . ; ׳ ͹ ̿ . [+] flagrant" secular," a. worldly; not pertaining to church matters; temporal ; ȸ鿡 ƴ; Ͻ The church leaders decided not o interfere in secular matters. ȸ ڵ ʱ ߴ. [+] earthly, secular, temporal" laconic," a. brief and to the point Many of the characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood are laconic types; strong men of few words. ũƮ ̽Ʈ尡 ι , Ÿ̾. [+] compendious, concise, succinct, terse; [-] verbose(Ȳ); [-] garrulous( )" baroque," Ⱬ a. highly ornate Ⱬ; ; ٷũ They found the baroque architecture amusing. ׵ ٷũ ̷ο ˾Ҵ. [+] embellished, flamboyant, rococo, ornamented" amoral,"ʵ a. nonmoral The amoral individual lacks a code of ethics; he should not be classified as immoral Ģ . ׷ 񵵴 зǾ ȵȴ. [+] nonmoral" iridescent," ޶ ̴ ֻ a. exhibiting rainbowlike colors / exhibiting rainbow like colors / She admired the iridescent hues of the oil that floated on the surface of the water. ; She admired the iridescent hues of the oil that floated on the surface of the water. ׳ ǥ ִ ⸧ źߴ. ; ׳ ǥ ִ ⸧ źߴ." bereaved,ѱ / ( Ͽ )ѱ Ȳ vocation,Ҹ õ ; condescend,"ϰ ڽ ߴ v. con(=together) + de(=down) + scend(=climb) do something that one's rank, merits, abilities, etc. do not require one to do ; lower oneself ; behave graciously, but in a way that shows one's feeling of superiority / bestow courtesies with a superior air ϰ ...ϴ,ģ ִ ; ڽ ߴ ; < ǽϸ>ģϰ / ģ ϴ; If, as they say, they find those people so vulgar and unpleasant, why do they condescend to associate with them? ; The king condescended to grant an audience to the friends of the condemned man. ׵ ϵ ׷ ϰ ϴٸ ׵ 縦 ִ ϱ ? ; ˸ ˼ ģ鿡 ³ ־. [+] deign, vouchsafe" martyr, ; ϴ exacerbate,"ȭŰ / ȭŰ ϰ ϴ; Ű ϴ v. ex(=intensive) + acerb(=bitter, harsh) + ate(=make) aggravate pain, disease, anger, or a condition ; irritate / worsen; embitter <<,,뿩, >>ȭŰ ; ϰϴ / ϰ ϴ By ignoring the reasonable complaints of the employees, the supervisor will surely exacerbate the discontent and bad morale that already exist in the department. ; This latest arrest will exacerbate the already existing discontent of the people and enrage them. ε ո ν Ʋ μ ̹ ϴ Ҹ ϵ ⸦ ȭų ̴ . ; ֱ ü Ҹ ȭŰ Ҹ ø ̴. [+] aggravate" presage,"... ϴ ϴ n.v. pre(=before) + sag(=perceive) omen ; a feeling that somthing is going to be happen / be a sign of ; predict ; having a presentiment of / foretell ; / ... Ǵ ; ϴ ; <>ϴ We would like to believe that the intensifying fear of nuclear weapons throughout the world presage an era of universal peace in the generations ahead. ; The vultures flying overhead presaged the discovery of the corpse in the desert. 迡 ٹ⿡ 뿡 ȭ ô븦 ָ ϰ ʹ. ; ϴ ٴϴ 縷 ִ ü ã ش. [+] adumbrate, augur, bode, forebode, forecast, foreshadow, omen, portend, predict, prognosticate, prophesy" unilateral,"Ϲ / ܵ Ϲ a. later(=side) of one side or party only / one-sided ʸ, Ϲ Their unilateral cease-fire initiated peace talks. ; This legislation is unilateral since it binds only one party in the controversy. ׵ Ϲ ȭȸ ۵ǰ ߴ. ; £ ڸ ӹϱ Ϲ̴." anachronism,"ô ô뿡 ڶ n. chron(=time,age) mistake in dating something ; something out of date now or in a description of past events / an error involving time in a story ô, ; ô뿡 ڶ Slavery is a sheer anachronism in the modern age. ; The reference to clocks in Julius Caesar is an anachronism. 뿡 뿹 ô ̴. ;  ð迡 ô . [+] misdate, parachronism" solicitous,"ϴ / ...Ϸ ϴ ϴ; ϴ ϴ a. sol(=entire, alone) + i(=s.e.) + cit(=call) + ous(=having the quality of) anxious or concerned about someone's welfare, etc ; eager to help or serve someone / worried; <<ƹ >>ϴ,ִ ; <<ƹ>> ־ / -ϰ ϴ The wonderful woman could have been more solicitous about me if she had been my own mother. ; anxious Ǹ ڰ ģӴϿٸ ־ ̴ . ; The employer was very solicitous about the health of her employees as replacements were difficult to get. [+] ûϴ(solicit) ϴ, ϰ ϴ ̴(solicitous)." recidivism," n. habitual return to crime ? Prison reformers in the United States are disturbed by the high rate of recidivism; the number of men serving second and third terms in prison indicates the failure of the prisons to rehabilitate the inmates. ̱ ˿ Ȳϰ ִ; 2,3° ϰ ִ ҵ 簨ڵ Ű ϴ Ͽ Ÿ. [+] ٽ(re) CD ġ ˴.(recidivism)" armistice, pragmatic,"ǿ ǿ a. prag < pract(=do, business) + mat(=s.e.) + ic(=nature of) treating things in a matter-of-fact or pratical way / practical; concerned with practical values ,ſ, 繰 ٷ / ǿ What point is there in dwelling on far-ranging theories when we are faced with a pragmatic problem of actual survival? ; This test should provide us with a pragmatic analysis of the value of this course. Ķ 鼭 ̷ ϴ ǹ̰ ֽϱ? ; ǿ м 츮 ̴. [+] practicable, practical" mundane," ̽ a. mund(=world) worldly ; dull, ordinary / worldly as opposed to spiritual , ; ̾, / He devoted himself to the spiritual needs of his followers, and left to his aides such mundane tasks as providing food and shelter. ; He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations. ״ ڵ 屸 ϰ ̳ ϴ °鿡 ð. ; ״ Ư ֽ ü鿡 ־. [+] earthly, secular, uncelestial, worldly; [-] exotic(ܷ); [-] unearthly()" askance,"񽺵; 紫 e. with suspicion / with a sideway or indirect look 紫, ǽϿ / 紫 Ȥ ܺ The old woman looked askance at their short shirts. ; Looking askance at her questioner, she displayed her scorn. ̵ ׵ Ҹ 紫 Ҵ. ; ׳ ڱ⿡ ϴ 紫ϸ鼭 Ÿ´. [+] awry, askew, crookedly" retort,"Ӱϴ ... ϴ ǹ޾ ġ; extort-ϴ tortuous-ұ n. quick sharp reply; a quick, sharp reply äִ / ݹϴ Even when it was advisable for her to keep her mouth shut, she was always ready with a quick retort.; Her angry retort to his question suspended their conversation. ʴ ٶ ׳ ׻ ݹ ֵ غ Ǿ ־. [+] repartee" corrosive,"ν(ħ) νϴ; () Դ n.a. cor < con(=intensive) + ros/rod(=gnaw) substance that causes corrosion / eating away ; having the power to corrode / eating away by chemicals or disease νĹ,ν / νϴ ; νļ History gives us many examples of how the corrosive effects of religious hatred can weaken the entire social structure. ; Stainless steel is able to withstand the effects of corrosive chemicals. ν ȿ ü ȸ ȭų ִ ʸ 츮 翡 ִ. ; η νļ ִ ȭ ߵ ִ. [+] erosive" avail,ִ ... Ǵ partisan," / (ĸƼ ġ) / ϴ Ƹ a. one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party ; ѵƸ On certain issues of conscience, she refused to take a partisan stand. ɻ ״ ߴ. [+] biased, jaundiced, prepossessed" spurious,"¥(false fake) a. false; counterfeit ¥; She tried to pay the check with a spurious ten-dollar bill. ׳ ¥ 10޷ 꼭 Ϸ ߾. [+] cf. spur (, ݷ, ); ִ (spur) ¥.(spurious)" underlying,1. ؿ 2. ٺ abstinent,ϴ ݿ epicure," / ̽İ / ĵ culinary n. connoisseur of food and drink ̽İ Epicures frequent this restaurant because it features exotic wines and dishes. ̽İ ܱ ֿ Ư¡ Ĵ ã´. [+] gastronomist, gourmand, gourmet; [-] a person indifferent to food(Ŀ )" tepid," ̿(lukewarm) insipid a. lukewarm; slighty warm During the summer, I like to take a tepid bath, not a hot one.; This tea is teped; please bring me a hot cup. ö ߰ ϱ Ѵ. [+] cf. sapid(ִ), insipid, vapid(), torpid( ,)" arrear,ü / ܱ ü и | arrears : money that sb owes that they have not paid at the right time mores," dz n. customs The mores of Mexico are those of Spain with some modifications. ߽ ȸ ణ ޶ ." placate,"ȸϴ ޷ ϴ; ̴ v. plac(=peace) + ate(=make) soothe ; pacify / conciliate; to appease ޷ ; / ȭ ϴ; Some historians believe that if the British government had made a sincere effort to placate the colonists, the American Revolution might never have occurred. ; The teacher tried to placate the angry mother.; The manager tried to placate the angry customer by offering to exchange his purchase. ΰ Ĺε ޷ ߴ ̱ Ͼ ʾ  簡 ϰ ִ. ; Ӵ 뿩 Ű ֽ. [+] appease, assuage, mollify, propitiate; [-] antagonize( ݰ )" acumen," īο n. mental keenness , Ѹ, His business acumen helped him to succeed where others had failed. γ ϴ װ ֵ ־. [+] astuteness, discernment, discrimination, perspicacity" reprove,"ϴ ¢ Ÿ̸ ߴġ v. re(=again) + prov(=test) find fault with ; say sharp words to / censure; rebuke ϴ ; ¢ The principal reproved the entire student body for their discourteous behavior toward the guest speaker at the school assembly. ; The principal reproved the students when they became unruly in the auditorium. бȸ û翡 ׵ üл ¢. ; 翡 л ڴο ׵ ߴƴ. [+] chide, reprimand, reproach, reprobate, reprehend" solidarity,ġ ܰ beleaguer,"ϴ / δ v. besiege ϴ As soon as the city was beleaguered, life became more subdued as the citizens began their long wait for outside assistance. ð ùε ܺ Ⱓ ٸ . [+] beset, besiege" sordid,"(filthy squalid) Ž彺 ߺ(vile) a. filthy; base; vile , Ұ, ġ, 꽺 The social worker was angered by the sordid housing provided for the homeless. ȸ ڿ ޵Ǵ ȭ . [+] squalid; despicable, servile" apparition,"ȯ n. ap < ad(=to, near) + par(=appear) ghost,specter ; phantom ; anything strange or unexpected that comes into sight , ; ȯ ; ڱ Ÿ ̻ / ͽ; The use of too much makeup, made Connie look like an apparition rather than a pretty young girl. ; Hamlet was uncertain about the identity of the apparition that had appeared and spoken to him. ȭ ʹ £ ؼ Connie ư ƴ϶ ó . ; ܸ ڱ տ Ÿ ü Ȯ . [+] specter, wraith" recrimination,"° / å n. re(=again, back) + crimin(=crime) accusation made in return for one already made ; countercharge / countercharges ° ; º Instead of hurling recriminations at each other for the failure, let's try calmly to determine what went wrong and to prevent it from happening again. ; Loud and angry recriminations were her answer her answer to his accusations. п ۺ ħϰ ߸Ǿ° ˾Ƴ װ սô ; ūҸ ȭ ݰ 񳭿 ׳ ." felicity, / ູ / ູ ڵ ǥ skittish,"̸ / a. lively; frisky Ȱ; Ҹ She is as skittish as a kitten playing with a piece of string. ׳ 丷 ó ְ Ҵ. [+] spirited" ebullient,"ϴ ռ n ebullience -cy n ebullition ݹ a. e < ex(=out, up) + bul (=bubble, seal) bubbling, boiling ; overflowing with enthusiaism,high spirits, etc. ; exuberant / showing excitement; overflowing with enthusiasm ϴ ; ; ռ / ϴ; Even before they said a word, I could tell from their ebullient mood that our team had won. ; His ebullient nature could not be repressed; he was always exuberant. ׵ Ѹ ϱ⵵ ׵ ϴ ⿡ 츮 Ƽ ̰ٴ ־. ; . ״ ߴ. [+] effervescent, exuberant, vivacious" desist,׸δ ܳϴ renounce devout," devote a. pious ; žӽ The devout man prayed daily. žӽ ڴ ⵵ߴ. [+] holy, pious, revering, venerating, worshipping" turmoil,"Ҷ / 1. ȥ 2. Ҷ ҵ tumult n. confusion; strife ȥ, ҵ, Conscious he had sinned, he was in a state of spiritual turmoil. ״ ˸ ڰϰ ȥ ¿ . [+] agitation, commotion, tumult, turbulence" blight,״ / / Ĺ ; ȭ Ȳ renounce,"ϴ ܳϴ ϴ v. re(=back, against) + nounc(=say) consent formally to give up a claim, right, possession, etc. ; refuse to acknowledge ; disown / abandon; discontinue; repudiate ϴ ; ϴ ; ϴ / ߴϴ; In unforgettable words, the prophet Micah called on men to renounce the use of armed force. ; Jan of Arc refused to renounce her statements even though she knew she would be burned at the stake as a witch. Micah 鿡 » ϵ 䱸ߴ. ; ܴٸũ μ ȭ óϰ ˸鼭 ڽ ʾҴ. [+] relinquish" predicament, peregrination," n. journey His peregrinations in foreign lands did not bring understanding; he mingled only with fellow tourists and did not attempt to communicate with the native population. ״ ܱ ؼ ߴ; డ ֹΰ ȭ Ϸ ʾҴ." cloy, affable," ٻ Ӽ ִ a. af < ad(=to, near) + fa(=say) easy to talk to ; friendly and polite / courteous ٻ,Ӽִ ; , / ǹٸ; Ӽ ִ What a pleasure to talk about old times with so affable a companion! ; Although he held a position of responsibility, he was an affable individual and could be reached by anyone with a complaint. ׷ ģ ̾߱ϴ 󸶳 ſ! ; ״ å ڸ ־ ǹٸ ̾Ƿ ִ ׸ ־. [+] amiable, congenial, cordial, courteous, genial, polite; [-] irascible()" contretemps, ʰ(Ӱ) Ͼ contingent ostensible,"ܸ ġ a. os < ob(=over, against) + tens(=stretch) put forward in an attempt to hide the real reason ; apparent ; pretended / professed; ǥ ; ܸ ; ġ / ܾ縸; Experience revealed, somewhat to our surprise, that the candidate's ostensible reason for office were also his real reasons. ; Although the ostensible purpose of this expedition is to discover new lands, we are really interested finding new markets for our products. 츮 ణ Ե ⸶ϴ ĺ ǥ ̱⵵ϴٴ 迡 ؼ 巯. ; ǥ ο ߰ϴ δ 츮 ǰ ִ ο ãµ ִ. [+] alleged, pretended" idyllic, Ѱο suffuse,"... ä ϰ ϴ ڵ v. spread over Ȯ A blush suffused her cheeks when we teased her about her love affair. 츮 ׳ ׳ Ӿ. [+] overspread, pervade" delinquent,¸ üǾ ִ lazy guilty rout,"( ) ֽŰ нŰp tout- lout-̶߱ v. stampede; drive out , ֽŰ The reinforcements were able to rout the enemy.  ־. [+] defeat" mellifluous,"̷ο â a. mel (=honey) + i(=s.e.) + flu(=flow) + ous(=having the quality of) sweet-sounding, smooth-flowing / flowing smoothly; <<Ҹ, , >> , ε巴 帣 / ̷ο Said Churchill to the British people after the Munich agreement: We must reject these mellifluous assurances of 'peace in our time' and realize that we have sustained a crushing defeat. ; Italian is a mellifluous language. ü Churchill ""츮 '츮 ô ȭ' ߸ źϰ е й踦 ߴٴ νؾ Ѵ"" ε鿡 ߴ. ; ¸ ̷ο . [+] dulcet, euphonious, harmonious, mellifluent" fulminate,"ͷ ϴ ȣġ / (ū Ҹ ) ϴ v. thunder; explode õġ; ϴ The people against whom she fulminated were innocent of any wrongdoing. ׳డ ȣģ ߸ . [+] detonate" elocution, / µ rhiteric; elaborate- ostentatious,"ϴ / ڶ 巯 Ѻ⸦ ٹ̴; ȭ a. os < ob(=against, over) + tent(=stretch) done for unnecessary display ; liking to attract notice / showy; pretentious 㼼 θ ; ϴ / 㼼θ Isn't it rather ostentatious to wear a Phi Beta kappa key on a chain around your neck? ; The real hero is modest, never ostentatious. Ÿ Phi Betta Kappa Ű̸ ް ִ 㼼 θ° ƴұ? ; ¥ 㼼θ ϴ." effectual,"ȿ (adequate) a. efficient ȿ / ȿ; If we are to succeed, we must seek effectual means of securing our goals. 츮 Ϸ 츮 ǥ Ȯϴ ȿ ܵ ãƾ߸ Ѵ. [+] effective, efficacious" reprimand,"(Ư ) å ¡; å v. reprove severely åϴ I am afraid that my parents will reprimand me when I show them my report card. ǥ θԲ 帮 θ ϽDZ ϰ ִ. [+] chide, rebuke, reproach" perpetrator, affront,/ġ ִ sentient, ִ ... ִ pious," / žӽ ; ; Ƿ a. devout žӽ ; ž The pious parents gave their children a religious upbringing. žӽ θ ڽĵ ߴ. [+] religious" voluptuous," / ; ; 俰 a. gratifying the senses ; The nobility during the Renaissance led voluptuous lives. ׻󽺱⿡ ߴ. [+] volumeִ ڴ (voluptuous)̴." recalcitrant,"ϴ ϰ a. obstinately stubborn , ʴ Donkeys are reputed to be the most recalcitrant of animals. 糪ʹ ߿ ٷ ˷ ִ. [+] unruly, fractious, intractable, untoward; (recalcitrant) ٽ ϴ; [-] amenable(ϴ)" axiom," ġ ݾ n. self-evident truth requiring no proof ڸ ġ; Before a student can begin to think along the lines of Euclidean geometry, he must accept certain principles or axioms. л Ŭ ֱ ,  ޾Ƶ鿩 Ѵ." dissident,ݴϴ ǰ ޸ϴ tryst," Ʈ n. meeting The lovers kept their tryst even though they realized their danger. ε ׵ ˸鼭 ߴ. [+] (tryst)̶ (try)ؾ ϴ ̴." subterfuge," ΰ ߻ ̱ n. pretense; evasion ΰ, ; ߻ As soon as we realized that you had won our support by a subterfuge, we withdrew our endorsement of your candidacy. Ӽ Ἥ 츮 ٴ ˾ұ ĺǿ ߴ. [+] pretext, tergiversation; Ʒ(sub) (ter) ٰ ΰ踦 (subterfuge)" aperture," / ƴ / ° ƴ chasm n. opening; hole ƴ; She discovered a small aperture in the wall, through which the insects had entered the room. ׳ ո ߰ߴµ ű⸦ ؼ Դ. [+] orifice, vent, outlet" unconscionable,"ո ͹Ͼ a. unscrupulous; excessive ; She found the loan shark's demands unconscionable and impossible to meet. ׳ ݾ 䱸 δϿ ϱⰡ Ұ ˾Ҵ. [+] exorbitant, inordinate" arbiter," ; n. a person with power to decide a dispute; judge , ; As an arbiter in labor disputes, she has won the confidence of the workers and the employers. 뵿 ڷμ ׳ 뵿ڵ ָ ο . [+] referee, umpire" aberration,"Ż ̻ n. ab(=from) + er(=wander) the state of being abnormal ; an abnormal act ; failure of rays to focus / wandering or staying away; in optics, failure of rays to fucus  ; Ż ; <> / How is one to explain that strange aberration from the habit and standards which he had followed for so many years? ; Given the aberrant nature of the data, we came to doubt the validity of the entire experiment. װ ׷ ص Դ ൿؿ ̻ Ż  մϱ? ; ڷ 츮 ȮǼ ǽϰ Ǿ. [+] anomalous, atypical, untypical" cringe,"( Ͽ) Ǵ DZϴ ÷ϴ v. shrink back, as if in fear , Ǵ The dog cringed, expecting a blow. ȴ. [+] cower, quail, wince" lout," ð ߱; boor; rout- tout- n. clumsy person , ̽ , ð߱ The delivery boy is an awkward lout. ҳ ̴. [+] cf. flout ((ϴ), (ϴ))" agrarian," a. pertaining to land or its cultivation , The country is gradually losing its agrarian occupation and turning more and more to an industrial point of view. Ұ ȭǾ ִ." inviolate,ħ ʴ ż; ( ) ִ ߷ ʴ infer,"߸ϴ Ÿ Ͻϴ v. in(=in) + fer(=carry) reach an opinion from facts or reasoning / deduce; conclude [,߸ ]߷ϴ,ϴ / / (߸)ϴ; Ͻϴ Am I to infer from your statement that there would be no point in further negotiation? ; We must be particularly cautious when we infer that a person is guilty on the basis of circumstantial evidence. ̻ ƹ ǹ̰ ߷ص ? ; 츮 Ȳ ſ Ͽ  ˶ ߷ Ư ؾ Ѵ. [+] reason" aboriginal," a. being the first of its kind in a region: primitive: native : : Her studies of the primitive art forms of the aboriginal Indians were widely reported in the scientific journals. ׳ ε ʱ ¿ θ Ǿ. [+] primitive, primordial. Pristine, endemic. indigenous" putative," ҹ 鸮 a. supposed; reputed Ǵ; ҹ 鸮 Although there are some doubts, the putative author of this work is Messenger. ణ ǹ ֱ ǰ ڷ Ǵ ޽. [+] conjectural, hypothetical, suppositional, suppositious" sanctimonious," üϴ a. sanct(=holy) + imoni(=s.e.) + ous(=like) making a show of being devout / displaying ostentatious or hypocritical devoutness ž üϴ, üϴ / ż ü ϴ Word about ""tolerance"" are empty and sanctimonious when they come from one who has shown no concern about intergroup relations. ; You do not have to be so sanctimonious to prove that you are devout. """"̶ ȣ 迡 ʴ ǹϰ üϴ ̴. ; ϴٴ ̱ ׷ Ϳ ü ʿ . [+] hypocritical, pharisaical" sycophant,÷ circumnavigate,... η ϴ (Ư)踦 ϴ estrange,̰ϴ /ҿϰ ϴ alienate / () ־ ϴ () ̸ ... ָϴ choleric," ȭ a. hot-tempered ȭ ߳ His flushed, angry face indicated a choleric nature. ޾ƿ ȭ ش. [+] irascible, testy, touchy" misanthropic, ΰ punitive," ¡ a. punishing óϴ He asked for punitive measures against the offender. ״ ڸ ϴ ġ ûߴ. [+] castigatory" importune,... volatile,"ֹ߼ / Ҿ; Ȱ Ȱ a. evaporating rapidly; lighthearted; mercurial ֹ߼; ; Ethly chloride is a very volatile liquid. ȭƿ ſ ֹ߼ ü. [+] vaporizable; capricious, fickle, inconstant, unstable" layman, Ƹ߾; (ڿ )ŵ torpor," n. lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy ȥ ; , ; Nothing seemed to arouse him from his torpor; he had wholly surrendered himself to lethargy. ׸ ȥ¿  ִ ƹ͵ Ҵ. ״ ȥ ¿ ־. [+] coma, languor, lassitude, stolidity, stupor, torpidity; [-] vigor(Ȱ)" aggrandize,"() ũ ϴ Ȯϴ ( Ƿ )... ȭ Ȯϴ v. ag < ad(=to, add) + grand(=great) make someone or a nation greater in power, wealth, rank, etc. ; exaggerate / increase or intensify <Ƿ,, >ϴ ; ϴ / Ȯϴ; ȭϴ The history of the past quarter centry illustrate how a President may aggrandize his power to act aggressively in international affairs without considering the wishes of Congress. ; The history of the past quarter century illustrates how a President may aggrandize his power to act aggressively in international affairs without considering the wishes of Congress. ȸ Ҹ ʰ ־ ൿ ִ Ƿ  ų ִ 4ݼ 簡 ְ ִ. ; 4ݼ ȸ 䱸 ʰ  ϰ ġ Ƿ ȭ ִ° ش. [+] amplify, augment, magnify" plethora," n. excess; overabundance ; She offered a plethora of reasons for her shortcomings. ׳ ڱ ؼ ʹ ޾Ҵ. [+] superfluity, surplus; [-] dearth(, ); [-] scarcity()" ingratiate,"... ˶Ÿ ... ߴ; gratification- gratify-ڰϴ Ű v. in(=in) + grat(=thank, pleasing, favor) bring oneself into favor,especially in order to gain an adventage ; flatter / become popular with 鵵 ϴ, ߴ ; ˶Ÿ How can we have any respect for people who try to ingratiate themselves by offering flattery and favors? ; He tried to ingratiate himself into her parents' good graces. ƺο ȣǷ ˶Ÿ ڵ 츮  ְڴ°? ; ״ ׳ θ ȣǸ ߷ ֽ." blithe," / ſ a. gay; joyous; carefree and gay lighthearted ; ſ Shelley called the skylark a ""blithe spirit"" because of its happy song.; This tea is a blend of lemon and herbs. ޻ 뷡 ϱ "" ""̶ ҷ. [-] grave(ɰ, پ)" dour," / Ҹ / (forbidding) Ȥ a. sullen; stubborn η; ϰ The man was dour and taciturn. ڴ ¨Ƽ . [+] crabbed, morose, surly" covert," Ͼϸ ִ ʴ a. secret; hidden; implied ; ; Ͼϸ She could understand the covert threat in the letter. ׳ ӿ ־. [+] clandestine, furtive, stealthy, surreptitious; [-] open()" adherent," ; ִ 鷯ٴ n. supporter;follower ź, / In the wake of the scandal, the senator's one-time adherents quietly deserted him. ĵ ǿ ڵ ׸ ȴ." deference," n. de(=down) + fer(=carry) the act of obeying the judgement or opinion of another ; great respect / courteous regard for another's wish , ; , Although I felt that he was wrong in his sweeping criticism, I accepted it silently in deference to his age and prefessional standing. ; In deference to his desires the employers granted him a holiday. ͷ 񳭿 װ ߸̶ ̿ μ ؼ ޾Ƶ鿴. ; ֵ 䱸 ޾Ƶ鿩 ׿ ް ־. [+] obeisance, recerence; [-] contempt((disdain), )" circuitous,"ȸ θ ϰ a. circ(=around) + u(=s.e.) + it(=go) + ous(=having the quality of) going a long way / roundabout ȸ / ȸϴ I was simply unable to follow the circutious reasoning by which he ""proved"" that a straight line is not necessarily the shortest distance between two points. ; Because of the traffic congestion on the main highways, she took a circuitous route. ݵ ִ Ÿ ƴ϶ װ ""ߴ"" ȸ . ; ֿ ο ȥϿ ׳ ȸؼ . [+] indirect, roundabout" proliferate,ϴ Ȯϴ disconcert,"Ȳϴ ¿¿Ű ϴ confuged v. confuse; upset; embarrass ¿¿Ű ϴ; Ȳ ϴ The lawyer was disconcerted by the evidence produced by her adversary. ȣ ſ Ȳߴ. [+] abash, bewilder, confound, confuse, discomfit, discountenance, embarrass, nonplus, perplex, puzzle" concave," ; ǫ  a. hollow The back-packers found partial shelter from the storm by judging against the concave wall of the cliff. 賶 ڵ ν κ̳ dz ־. [+] convex" trepidation,"(fear) Ȳ n. fear; trembling agitation ; , We must face the enemy without trepidation if we are to win this battle. 츮 ̱ η ¼ Ѵ. [+] dismay, dread, horror, terror" extant,"()ϰ ִ extand a. ex(=out) + t < st(=stand) still in existence <, > ϴ The custom by which a young man buys his bride through a payment to her father is still extant in some parts of the world. ; Although the authorities suppressed the book; many copies are extant and may be purchased at exorbitant prices. ̰ ź ƹ ְ źθ ̴ Ϻ ϰ ִ . ; 籹 å ־ ſ ݿ 𸥴. [+] existent; [-] extinct()" promulgate,"ǥϴ / ϴ Ͷ߸ θ ϴ ϴ v. pro(=forth) + mulg < vulg(=people) + ate(=make) announce officially a decree, a new law, etc ; spread widely beliefs, knowledge, opinions, secret, etc / make known by official proclamation or publication; to make known; to declare officially <<, >> ǥϴ, ϴ ; <<ž,,, >>۶߸,ϴ / ǥϴ What good will it do to promulgate new reforms if we lack the resources and the will to make them a reality? ; As soon as the civil service commission promulgates the names of the successful candidates, we shall begin to hire members of our staff.; As soon as the mayor promulgates the new law, Market Place will be a oneway street going south. ڿ ڿ ̿Ϸ ٸ ο ǥϴ ǰڽϱ? ; ȸ հ ĺ ̸ ڸ 츮 ϱ ̴." disdain," n.v. dis(=not) + dain2. contempt ; scorn / look on with contempt ; think it dishonorable to do something ; be too proud / treat with scorn or contempt ; / ϴ ; Ҹ ; ϰ / ϴ Only a foolish snob would show such disdain for anyone who doesn't belong to a country club. ; You make enemies of all you disdain.  ӹ Ʈ Ŭ ȸ ƴ ׷ ̴. ; ϴ . [+] contemn, despise, scorn" indigenous," Ÿ a. indi(=within) + gen(=birth) + ous(=having the quality of) native or beloning naturally , / For many years, there was a tendnecy in the part of American and Europeans to ignore the highly developed indigenous cultures of the peoples of Africa. ; Tobacco is one of the indigenous plants which the early explorers found in this country. ε鿡Դ ī ߴ޵ ȭ ϴ ־. ; ʱ Ž谡 󿡼 ߰ Ĺ ϳ. [+] aboriginal, endemic; [-] acquired(ȹ)" subsidize,... ϴ endemic,"dz亴 / dz / dz dz亴 n dz亴 endemicity dz伺 a. prevailing among a specific group of people or in a specific area ̳ 鿡 , dz亴, dz伺 This disease is endemic in this part of the world; more than 80 percent of the population are at one time or another affected by it. 迡 Ѷ α 80 ̻ ־. [+] aboriginal, indigenous, native; [-] exotic(ܷ)" complacent," / ڱ a. self-satisfied ڱ⸸, ϴ There was a complacent look on his face as he examined his paintings. ״ ڱ ׸ ϰ ϴ ̾. [+] self-contented" demure,"ħ ħ a. grave; serious; coy ; ; ǹٸ She was demure and reserved. ׳ ݰ ̾. [+] serious, sober, solemn" elliptical,Ÿ () refractory," ٷ ; ( )ġ ; ȭ a. re(=again) + fract(=break) resisting control, discipline, etc. wilful ; not yielding to treatment ; hard to melt, fuse or work / stubborn; unmanageable , ٷ , ; <> ġ, ; ̱ , óϱ / ϰ; Since they had always been reasonably well-behaved, I was taken completely unawares by their refractory behavior. ; The refractory horse was eliminated from the race when he refused to obey the jockey. ׵ ߱ ׵ ߴ. ; ٷ ⿡ ܵǾ. [+] obstinate, perverse" foible," ; ڸϰ ִ ; Į ִ κ(Į  Į ) n. weakness; slight fault ; We can overlook the foibles of our friends; no one is perfect. 츮 츮 ģ ʱ׷ ִ. ֳϸ ̴. [+] frailty" skirmish,浹 ұԸ rhetoric," ̻翩 ۹ n. art of effective communication; insincere language ; All writers, by necessity, must be skilled in rhetoric. ۰ ݵ ؾ Ѵ. [+] eloquence, oratory" expatriate,"ܷ ߹ϴ n. exile; someone who has withdrawn from his native land ߹; ߹ Henry James was an American expatriate who settled in England.  ӽ ̱ ֹ̾. [+] expellee" surfeit," / n.v. sur(=over, excessive) + feit < fect(=do, make) too much of anything, especially food and drink / [cause to]take too much of anything / cloy; overfeed; to eat an excessive amount ,, / [] [ ], [ ] / ϴ; ϴ I have had my surfeit of excuses and evasions; now I want action! ; I am surfeited with the sentimentality of the average motion picture film.; After surfeiting himself at the banquet, he felt too sleepy to enjoy the entertainment. ȸǿ Ļߴ . ൿ ʿϴ. ; ȭ 鿡 . [+] glut, gorge, sate satiate; [-] famish(ָ)" inimical,"1. طο Ҹ 2. ϴ a. in(=not) + im < am(=love) hostile ; harmful / unfriendly; ǰ ִ ; طο / ̰ ; We shall oppose any changes in the labor code that appear inimical to the health and safety of workers. ; She felt that they were inimical and were hoping for her downfall. 뵿ڵ ǰ طο ̴ 뵿  츮 ݴ ̴. ; ׳ ׵ ڱ⸦ ϰ ڱ Ѵٰ ߴ. [+] antagonistic" parsimonious,"λ(=stingy) a. stingy; excessively frugal λ His parsimonious nature did not permit him to enjoy any luxuries. ״ õ ſ ˼Ͽ  ġ ʾҴ. [+] miserly, niggardly, penurious" purported,ǹϴ ϴ; Īϴ ϴ apprehensive,"ϴ ϴ a. ap < ad(=to, near) + prehens(=take) fearful about something that might happen ; quick to understand ; perceptive / discerning ϴ,ϴ ; ذ ; ϴ / η; ִ, Those students who have been doing their work all term need not feel apprehensive about the final examination. ; His apprehensive glances at the people who were walking in the street revealed his nervousness. б⿡ θ ؿԴ л б⸻ 迡 ʿ䰡 . ; Ÿ Ȱ ִ ηϸ װ Ű 巯. [+] cf. comprehensive ()" sacrilege,ż accolade,"ǥâ / / Ʈ ; ǥâ n. ac < ad(=to, near) + col(=neck) bestowed of a knighthood by a tap on the shoulder with the flat of a sword ; praise ; approval / award of merit Ʈ <> ; Ī ; / ǥâ Critics who bestow their accolades too easily may gain some quick popularity, but they will soon lose credibility and influence over their readers. ; In Hollywood, an ""Oscar"" is the highest accolade. ʹ 縮 Ī ִ 򰡵 α⸦ ڵ鿡 ŷڿ Ұ ̴. ; Ҹ忡 ""ī"" ְ . [+] award, laurels; [-] criticism(, )" precarious,"1. Ҿ 2. ·ο a. uncertain; risky Ȯ; I think this stock is a precarious investment and advise against its purchase. ֽĿ ڴ ϹǷ װ Ѵ. [+] doubtable, unstable; dangerous, hazardous; [-] firmly grounded(Ȯ ٰ); [-] safe()" dearth," / n. scarcity The dearth of skilled labor compelled the employers to open trade schools. õ ڵ ߱ ֵ Ǿ б ؾ߸ ߴ. [+] insufficiency, paucity, scarcity" exorbitant,"û ͹Ͼ û egregious a. ex(=out) + orb(=track, circle) going beyond what is reasonable, just, proper, usual,etc. / excessive; extravagant excessive <, 䱸 > , δ, ͹Ͼ Yes, it's pretty dress, and I know that you're eager to have it for the Junior Prom, but don't you think the price is little exorbitant ? ; The people grumbled at his exorbitant prices but paid them because he had a monopoly.; Dr.Taylor's fees are exorbitant he charges twice as much as anyone else. ׷ װ 巹 ׸ ʴ Junior Prom ؼ װ Ͱ ͹ δٰ ʴ? ; װ ϰ ־ ͹Ͼ ݿ Ÿ鼭 . [+] extravagant, immoderate, inordinate, unconscionable" pungent,"ϰ ڱϴ ڱؼ Ŷ; repugnant-Ⱦϴ a. stinging; caustic ſ; Ŷ The pungency of the cigarette smoke made me cough. ڱ ħ . [+] piquant, poignancy, sour" futile," ȿ ; ˸ ý a. ineffective; fruitless; useless , / ; Why waste your time on futile pursuits?; Unfortunately, all efforts to rescue the survivors were futile. ð ׷ Ͽ ϴ°? [+] abortive, bootless, ineffectual, unprodctive, vain" epoch,"ű / (ȹ)ô ȹ ; ű(ð󿡼 еǴ ñ) n. och(=hold) a memorable event or date / period of time ű / ô; The 1960's constituted an epoch of protest. ; The glacial epoch lasted for thousands of years. 1960ⵥ ô Ǿ. ; ϱ õ ӵǾ. [+] aeon, eon" redolent,"ο(fragrant) a. red < re(=intensive) + ol(=smell) having a strong smell ; reminiscent / fragrant; odorous; suggestive of an odor ο, Ⱑ ; ϴ / ; Ͻϴ Even today after so many years, I find that an ordinary chocolate bar is redolent of long Saturday afternoons spent watching double features at the Bijou Theater. ; Even though it is February, the air is redolent of spring. ׷ ذ ݿ ݷپƴ Bijou忡 û ȭ 鼭 ĸ Ѵ. ; 2ε Ѵ. [+] aromatic, odoriferous, perfumed; ٽ(re) (dol) ο(redolent) ." alacrity,"ø Ż n. cheerful promptness Ȱ, ø, Ȱ He demonstrated his eagerness to serve by his alacrity in executing the orders of his master. ״ Կ ־ żϰ Ǹ . [+] promptness, agility; [-] hesitance and reluctance( )" booty,ǰ ȹ / Ƽ ǰ analogy," (similarity) n. similarity; parallelism ; / ; Your analogy is not a good one because the two situations are not similar. ߴ Ȳ ϱ ʴ. [+] affinity, comparison, parallelism, resemblance, similarity, similitude" ephemeral,"Ϸۿ Ȱ ܸ a. ep < epi(=upon) + hemer(=day) + al(=nature of) living for a very short time ; trasitory / short-lived; fleeting Ϸۿ Ȱ,ܸ ; / ܸ; Looking at a lovely young girl, I feel a certain sense of sadness because I realize how ephemeral physical beauty is. ; The mayfly is an ephemeral creature. ڰ  ҳฦ ü Ƹٿ ſ ˱  . ; Ϸ̴ ¾ٰ ݹ ״ ̴. [+] evanescent, momentary, temporary, transient" tangible," ִ(touchable palpable) ִ Ǽִ Ȯ a. tang(=touch) + ible(=capable of) that can be perceived by touch ; clear and definite ; real / able to be touched; palpable ִ ; Ȯ, ; ü, / ִ; , ü ִ; ִ Although there was no tangible reason for my sense of danger, I could not shake off the feeling that something terrible was about to happen. ; Although Tom did not own a house, he had several tangible assets - a car, a television, a PC - that he could sell if he needed cash. ǽĿ ѷ  Ͼ ̶ . ; ϰ ʾ ʿ ִ , TV, PC ڻ ڱ ־. [+] detectable, discernible, perceptible" pontificate,Ÿϰ (ൿ)ϴ / Ȯ / ֱ / ֱ (̻) ϴ stolid,"а Ű a. dull; impassive ; The earthquake shattered his usual stolidity; trembling, he crouched on the no longer stable ground. ߷ȴ. 鸮 ״ ̻ ưư ͵ 鿡 ٽ ũȴ. [+] Ż ϰ ߴ.(stolid); [-] excitable(ϱ )" extremity, dz; ; (չ) extreme virulent,"͵ / ִ ǰ ִ; ɼ Ǽ() a. extremely poisonous , Ǽ The virus is highly virulent and has made many of us ill for days. ̷ ؼ 츮 ĥ ξҾ. [+] (virus) ...(virulent)" savant,"(Ư ) pundit erudite n. scholar Our faculty includes many world-famous savants. 츮 ڵ ԵǾ ִ. [-] unlearned person( )" pristine," a. characteristic of earlier times; primitive; unspoiled ; ; ״ This area has been preserved in all its pristine wildness. ߻ ״ Ǿ ִ. [+] primordial; virginal; [-] contaminated(, Ÿ)" reprobate,"Ÿ ; ſ n. person hardened in sin, devoid of a sense of decency ,; ϳκ ; () ¢, ϴ I cannot understand why he has so many admirers if he is the reprobate you say he is. ϴ װ Ÿ ̶ ׸ ϴ ׷ ϰڴ. [+] profligate, libertine; cf. elect (ϳ )" bestow,"ִ ϴ; ()δ; ڽŰ v. confer ϴ He wished to bestow great honors upon the hero. ״ 鿡 Ŀٶ ֱ⸦ ߴ. [+] donate" stark,(utter) / Ȳ(desolate) / (harsh) vernacular,ڱ / confer,ϴ ִ dz()ϴ ȸϴ obfuscate,"ȥŰ / Ӱ ϴ ϴ; Ȳϰ ϴ óϰ ϴ v. ob(=upon, over) + fusc(=dark) +ate(=make) darken or obscure the mind ; bewilder / confuse; muddle <<,Ӹ>>Ӱϴ, ȣϰϴ ; Ȳϴ, ȥŰ / ϰ ϴ Please do not try to obfuscate your responsibility in this matter by irrelevent criticisms of other people. ; Do not obfuscate the issues by dragging in irrelevant arguments. ٸ 鿡 ν ־ å 帮 Ϸ ʽÿ. ; 鿩 ȥŰ . [+] bewilder, confound, confuse, disconcert, embarrass, fluster, perplex, nonplus, abash" compendium," ϶ǥ n. com < con(=with) + pend(=hang, weigh) concise and comprehensive account ; summary / brief comprehensive summary ; / ; On the basis of his many years of experience as a school administrator, he had prepared an invaluable compendium of all the mistakes likely to be made by a young teacher. ; This text can serve as a compendium of the tremendous amount of new material being developed in this field. б 濵ڷμ ״ 簡 Ǽ Ǹ 並 . ; о߿ ߵǰ ִ û ο ڷ ִ. [+] abridgement, digest, epitome, syllabus" latent," / մ ẹ; 缺 a. lat(=carry, bear) + ent(=having the quality of) present but not yet active, developed or visible / dormant; hidden ִ, ʴ, , ẹ It is up to us to get rid of any latent prejudices that we may still hold against members of other races and nationalities. ; Her latent talent was discovered by accident. ٸ 鿡 츮 𸣴 ϴ 츮 ǹ. ; ׳ ɷ 쿬 ߰ߵǾ. [+] abeyant, potential, quiescent" pastoral," idyllic a. rural In these stories of pastoral life, we find an understanding of the daily tasks of country folk. ð Ȱ ̷ ̾߱ 츮 ð ϰ ְ ȴ. [+] bucolic, rustic" impecunious,"Ǭ a. im < in(=not) + pecu(=money) having little or no money / without money ,Ǭ Although he speaks with sentimental fondness of his early years of poverty and struggle, I am quite sure that he has no desire to return to the impecunious status of his youth. ; Now that he was wealthy, he gladly contributed to funds to assist the impecunious and the disabled. ״  ȣ ̾߱  · ǵ ٰ ȮѴ. ; ״ ڿ ұڸ Ⲩ Ҵ. [+] destitute, impoverished, indigent, penurious; [-] affluent()" prurient,"1. ȣ 2. ܼ licentious lascivious a. based on lascivious thoughts The police attempted to close the theater where the prurient film was being presented. ȭ ϴ Ű ߴ. [+] lustful, lascivious, libidinous" dissolution," ; ػ Ҹ n. disintegration; looseness in morals ; Ÿ The profligacy and dissolution of life in Caligula's Rome appall some historians. Į θ Ȱ Ÿ 簡 ϰ Ѵ. [+] rupture" diffuse,߻ϴ depredate,Żϴ plunder dissemble,"ϴ / ( ) ϴ ൿϴ v. dis(=not) + sembl(=same) hide one's feeling, intentions, etc. ; disguise / pretend ߴ ; ϴ / ϴ; - ü ϴ When she went into her all too familiar act of the uncomplaining martyr, I could not dissemble my annoyance. ; Even though you are trying to dissemble your motive in joining this group, we can see through your pretense. ׳డ ߵ ʹ ģ ൿ ο . ; ׷쿡 ϴ ⸦ 츮 ǵ ִ. [+] camouflage, dissimulate; [-] behave honestly(ϰ ൿϴ)" compatible,"ȭǴ ȭϴ a. com < con(=together) + pat(=feel, suffer) in accord with ; able to live together in harmony ; suited to / harmonious; in harmony with ġϴ ; 縳 ִ ; / 縳ϴ; ȭ ̷ Do you think that your unwillingness to study foreign language is compatible with your ambition to get a job in the Foreign Service? ; They were compatible neighbors, never quarreling over unimportant matters. ܱ θ µ ܹμ ڸ Ϸ ߸ 縳 ִٰ Ͻʴϱ? ; ׵ ̿̾ . [+] agreeable, congenial, congruous, consistent, consonant, sympathetic" obdurate," ϰ Ȥ a. ob(=intensive) + dur(=last) stubborn, obstinate, inflexible ϰ, In spite of all our efforts to appeal to whatever human sympathics the kidnappers might have, they remainded obdurate . ; He was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints. ; He was obdurate in his refusal to our complaints. 𸣴 ׸ ε ɿ ȣϴ 츮 ¿ ұϰ ׵ Լ ηȴ . ; ״ 츮 ʾҴ. ; ״ 츮 ʾҴ. [+] obstinate, perverse, unyielding, obstinate, perverse, unyielding; [-] complaisant(); [-] complaisant(ϴ); [-] flexible()" mercenary,"뺴 n.a. merc(=trade) + en(=s.e.) + ary(=relating to) soldier hired for pay to serve in a foreign army / working only for money or other reward ; inspired by love of money / interested in money or gain ܱ 뺴 / ϴ ; ϴ / ̳ ϴ Of course she wants to make money from her books! That doesn't mean that she's mercenary and indifferent to doing good work. ; I am certain that your action was prompted by mercenary motives. ׳ ڱ å Ѵ. ̰ ׳డ ϰ ϴ ϴٴ ƴϴ. ; ൿ Ⱑ ̶ ȮѴ." stint,"... ϴ ϴ(frugal) stingy n. supply; allotted amount; assigned portion of work ǰ; ; Ҵ He performed his daily stint cheerfully and willingly. ״ ϰ ſ Ⲩ س´." malinger,Һ θ palatable,"Կ ´ / ִ / ̰ ´ ´ palate a. agreeable; pleasing to the taste ; ̿ ´ Paying taxes can never be made palatable. . [+] appetizing, flavorsome, gusty, relishing, sapid, savory, tasteful" extort,"Żϴ ϴ; ٸ系; (ڹ)  v. ex(=out) + tort(=twist) obtain money, etc. from someone by threats, force, etc. ; exact ; wrest / wring from; get money by threats, <> ; <, ڹ > ϴ ; Ѵ, Żϴ / Ѵ; Ms. Wilentz is the kind of manager who dose not try to extort cooperation from the people under her, but earns it by being a real leader and a wonderful person. ; The blackmailer extorted money from his victim. Wilentz κ ϴ ƴ϶ ڿ Ǹ ΰڷμ  ׷ ߿̴. ; ڴ ֵκ ´. [+] exact, squeeze, wrench, wrest" muse,"ϴ ϴ v. ponder ϴ He mused about the beauty of the statue. ״ Ƹٿ Ͽ ڽ ȸ ٲ. [+] deliberate, meditate, ruminate" underscore, ߴ ϴ; ϴ brandish,(Į ) ֵθ (â) empirical," ; ǻ簰 ~philosophy ö a. em < en(=in) + pir < per(=try out) relying on observation and experiment, not on theory ; relying or based on practical experience / based on experience 迡 ϴ ; , He has no confidence in magical formulas that will solve all our social problems overnight; the whole bent of his thinking is practical and empirical . ; He distrusted hunches and intuitive flashes; he placed his reliance entirely on empirical data. ״ 츮 ȸ Ϸ ̿ ذ ʴ´. ̰ ̴ . ; ״ ̳ ҽϰ ڷῡ ٰŸ ξ. [+] experiential" downcast,DZħ 콺ν imbue,"1.( )... Ҿִ ϴ 2.... v. saturate; fill ϴ,̴; ä His visits to the famous Gothic cathedrals imbued him with feelings of awe and reverence. ״ 湮 ܿ ǰ Ǿ." culinary,"丮 ֹ a. relating to cooking 丮 Many chefs attribute their culinary skill to the wise use of spices. 丮 ׵ 丮 ؾ ˱ ̶ ." exasperate,"ϰ ϴ аŰ ȭŰ ϰ ϴ v. vex; to make angry and impatient ϴ Johnny often exasperates his mother with his pranks.; Professor patterson was exasperated by his student's constant lateness. ϴ 峭 Ͽ ȭ ߴ. [+] aggravate, irritate, nettle" wary," ɼ ִ(watchful) | awry :  / ߸Ǽ / ־ / Ʋ a. cautious / very cautious DZ He gave wary answers to all of the foreigner's questions. ; The spies grew wary as they approached the sentry. ״ ܱ ɽ ߴ. ; ø ʿ ߴ. [+] cautious, chary, circumspect, discreet" sacrosanct,"ż ż Ұħ a. most sacred; inviolable ż; żҰħ The brash insurance salesman invaded the sacrosanct privacy of the office of the president of the company. ȸ ܹ Ұħ ̹ø ħߴ." unctuous,"⸧ Ų üϴ a. oily; bland; insincerely suave ⸧ִ; ȭ; ̴, ε巯 Uriah Heep disguised his nefarious actions by unctuous protestations of his ""umility."" ̾ Ǹ ""иƼ"" ȭ ν ߴ." penitent,ȸϴ ȸϴ ˸ ġ(sorry repentant contrite) gambit,"(ൿ̳ ŷ ) n. opening in chess in which a piece is sacrificed ü ϰ δ ù / , The player was afraid to accept his opponent's gambit because he feared a trap which as yet he could not see. ; The player was afraid to accept his opponent's gambit because he feared a trap which as yet he could not see. (ü)δ η ߱ ĩ ޱⰡ η. ; ü δ η߱ ù ޾Ƶ̱⸦ ߴ. [+] commencement, incipience" belligerent,"ȣ / ȣ ο ϴ; ο n.a. bel (=war) + i(=s.e.) + ger(=carry) + ent(=having the quality of) the powers that are waging war / waging war ; warlike, cf. bellicose / quarrelsome / ϴ, ; ȣ For hundreds of years, Switzerland has avoided becoming a belligerent in the wars that have scarred the rest of Europe. ; Whenever he had too much to drink, he became belligerent and tried to pick fights with strangers. ٸ ó £ Ǵ Դ. ; ״ ȣ Ǿ ο ɷ ߴ. [+] bellicose, combative, contentious, militant, pugnacious, quarrelsome, warlike" vex,"ϰ ϴ v. annoy; distress , ִ Please try not to vex your mother; she is doing the best she can. Ӵϸ . ׳ ڽ ִ ֻ ϰ ִ. [+] harrass, toment, fret, irritate, provoke" ardent, Ÿ (half-hearted) contentious," ϴ ҷŰ; Ҽ a. quarrelsome , ȣ; We heard loud and contentious noises in the next room. 츮 濡 ū Ҹ Ҹ . [+] bellicous, belligerent, combative, militant, pugnacious, quarrelsome, warlike; argumentative, controversial, disputatious, polemical" recondite,"ɿ ˱ a. abstruse; profound; secret ˱ ; ɿ; ˷ He read many recondite books in order to obtain the material for his scholarly thesis. ״ м ڷḦ Ͽ ɿ å о. [+] esoteric; (recondite) ɿϰ ˱ ܿ!; [-] widely understood(θ ˷)" discursive," 길 (digressive) a. dis(=apart) + curs(=run) wandering from one point or subject to another / digressing; rambling << , ൿ>>길, / (, ̾߱ ) ; Although the essays are highly discursive , covering a wide range of topics, they are written with such clarity and grace that they are easy to follow. ; They were annoyed and bored by his discursive remarks. ٷ ſ 길 ϰ ϰ ϱⰡ . ; ׵ 길 ߾鿡 彺 ." provincial,"; ð; a. pertaining to a province; limited ; We have to overcome their provincial attitude and get them to become more cognizant of world problems. 츮 ׵ µ غϰ ׵鿡 ν ־ Ѵ. [+] insular, local" conjecture,"ϴ ϴ; /ǵϴ n.v. con(=with) + ject(=throw) guess / guess ; put forward an opinion formed without facts as proof / surmise; , / ϴ,ϴ ; ž ǰ ϴ To our dismay, we became aware that what the salesman represented as definitely ascertained facts were no more than vague conjectures . ; I will end all your conjectures; I admit I am guilty as charged. 츮 ȲϰԵ Ǹſ и Ȯε Ƿ ߴ Ұϴٴ ˰ Ǿ. ; ĽŰ Ѵ. Ǵ Ѵ. [+] speculation, supposition, surmise, theory" draconian,() Ȥ revulsion,"1. ()޺ 2. n. sudden violent change of feeling; reaction ݺ; ޺; , ݰ Many people in this country who admired dictatorships underwent a revulsion when they realized what Hitler and Mussolini were trying to do. 縦 ߴ Ʋ ָϰ Ϸߴ ޾ ݰ ״. [+] quirk; abhorrence, abomination, aversion, detestation, hatred, loathing, repugnance, repulsion; ٽ(re) (vul) ٸ װ ݺ(revulsion)̴." permeate," ħϴ v. per(=through) + me < mea(=pass, flow) pass, flow or spread into every part of / pass through; , ħϴ, ġ, A sour odor of decay, stale air and generations of human living permeated every corner of the old tenement. ; The odor of frying onions permeated the air. Ź ׸ ΰ Ȱ α ־ . ; Ķ̵ ĵ ⿡ ." plaintive," / ҽ óο a. mournful óο The dove has a plaintive and melancholy call. ѱ ħ Ҹ ϰ ִ. [+] doleful, dolorous, lamentable, lugubrious" paroxysm," ݹ n. par < para(=intensive) + oxy(=sharp, acid) sudden attack or outbrust of pain, anger, laughter, etc / fit or attack of pain, rage <> , <г, > ݹ / A paroxysm of indignation passed through the community, as though it were a single organism, and the streets were filled with angry people ready to flight. ; When he heard of his son's misdeeds, he was seized by a paroxysm of rage. г ݹ ġ ϳ ü İ Ÿ ο ȭ á. ; ״ Ƶ ൿ г밡 Ҵ. [+] outburst, spasm" proponent," / ȣ ; Ȱ n. pro(=forth) + pon(=put) person who proposes something / person who supports or proposes (an idea) , / When I learned how the air and water were being polluted, I became a strong proponent of ecological reforms. ; After the bill had been amended nad re-amended in committee even its original proponents didn't want to vote in its favor.  Ǿ° ˾ ° Ǿ. ; ȸ , Ŀ ó ڵ ǥ ʰ Ǿ. [+] exponent, advocate, supporter" machination, å cull," /ϴ v. pick out; reject ; ϴ Every month the farmer culls the nonlaying hens from his flock and sells them to the local butcher. ޸ δ ߵ  ϴ ż 󳻾 Ǵ. [+] choose, select, elect, discriminate" opulent, dz ellipsis,"() n. omission of words from a text () Sometimes an ellipsis can lead to a dangling modifier, as in the sentence ""Once dressed, you should refrigerate the potato salad."" ٴ ľ Ŵ ִ, ó-(""Once dessed, you should refrigerate the potato salad."")" sloth," n. laziness / slow-moving tree dwelling mammal / / ú Note how well the somewhat greenish coat of the sloth enables it to blend in with its arboreal surrounding.(secondary meaning) ; Such sloth in a young person is deplorable; go to work! ; Note how well the somewhat greenish coat of the sloth enables it to blend in with its arboreal surrounding. ú ʷϺ 󸶳 ȭǴ ָض. ; ̿Լ ׷ ´ ź ̴. ϶! ; ú ʷϺ 󸶳 ȭǴ ָߴ. [+] (slow) (sloth), indolence, sluggishness" bravado,"㼼 n. swagger; assumed air of defiance 㼼; 强 The bravado of they young criminal disappeared when he was confronted by the victims of his brutal attack. 㼼 ڽ ߸ ˷ . [+] bluster" histrionic," ; a. theatrical He was proud of his histrionic ability and wanted to play the role of Hamlet. ״ ¿ ںν ־ ܸ غ ;ߴ. [+] dramatic" decree, (Ǽ) eulogy," / ۴ / (Ī)ϴ ; ⸮ n. log(=speech) tribute ; high praise; high praise ; laudation ; His brother delivered the eulogy at the funeral. ; All the eulogies of his friends could not remove the sting of the calumny heaped upon him by his enemies.; His brother was chosen to give the funeral eulogy for the late President Kennedy. ʽĿ ۴縦 ߴ. ; ģ  絵 ׿ ۺ Ǵ ľ . [+] Compliment, encomium, panegyric; [-] defamation(߻, )" levity," Ÿ n. lev(=light, lift) + ity(=act) tendnecy to treat serious matters without respect ; lack of seriousness / lightness ; Although the students made jokes about the coming exams, we knew that beneath the levity they were quite worried. ; Such levity is improper on this serious occasion. л ٰ 迡 ؼ ϰ ־ ׵ µ δ ũ ϰ ִٴ ˾Ҵ. ; ׷ ɰ 쿡 ʴ. [+] flippancy; [-] gravity()" germane," 谡 ִ (pertinet) a. pertinent; bearing upon the case at hand ; 谡 ִ The lawyer objected that the testimony being offered was not germane to the case at hand. ȣ ϰ ִ ǰ ٰ ߴ. [+] apposite, apropos, relevant; [-] inappropriate(ġ )" omniscient,"̵ ƴ ڽ a. sci(=know) all knowing, having unlimited authority / knowing all having complete or infinite knowledge / all-knowing , ڽ / ڽ / ƴ When her prediction came true, we referred to her as the omniscient Sarah. ; I do not pretend to be omniscient, but I am positive about this fact. ׳ Ǿ 츮 ׳ฦ 𸣴 Sarah ҷ. ; ƴ ü ǿ ؼ ȮѴ." vacillate,鸮 ϴ; ϴ ̴ intransigent,"(ġ) Ÿ n.a. in(=not) + trans(=across) + ig(=drive) a person who is intransigent / uncompromising, especially in politics / refusing any compromise Ÿ ʴ / [Ư ġ]Ÿ I am proud to have it said of me that I am stubborn and intransigent when genuine moral issues are involved. ; The strike settlement has collapsed because both sides are intransigent. Ե ϰϰ Ÿ̶ ڶ . ; ľ Ÿ Ÿ̱ رǾ." salutary," / a. sal(=health) + ut(=s.e.) + ary(=relating to) having a good effect on body or mind / tending to improve; beneficial; wholesome <<ɽſ>>, , ̷ο / ; Few things are more salutary for a young person than an occasional painful reminder that life is not a bowl of cherries. ; The punishment had a salutary effect on the boy, as he became a model student. ̿ λ ׸  ƴ϶ ִ Ϻ ̷ο . ; ó ҳ⿡ ƴ . ֳϸ װ л Ǿ ̴. [+] beneficial; salubrious" cartography, () () implication," n. that which is hinted at or suggested Ͻ / ; ; If I understand the implications of your remark, you do not trust our captain. ߾ ǹ̸ Ʒ Ǵ 츮 ŷ ʴ . [+] allusion, connotation, inking, innuendo, insinuation, intimation" entity," ; ; 繰 n. real being As soon as the Charter was adopted, the United Nations became an entity and had to be considered as a factor in world diplomacy. ä ڸ λϿ ܱ ߿ ü ֵǾ. [+] existence" farcical,ͻ ͻ ٺ reclusive, extricate,"ϴ Żϴ Ű v. ex(=out) + tric(=petty obstacle) release or disentangle from a net, difficulty, embarrassment,etc. ; set free <<, κ>>ϴ ; عϴ / عŰ; How easy it is for a nation to become in trapped an inflationary price rise; how difficult it is to extricate itself from the upward spiral! ; He found that he could not extricate himself from the trap. ȭâ ¿ ſ Ǽȯ  ſ ƴ. ; ״  ˾Ҵ. [+] disembroil, disencumber, disentangle" deplore,"źϴ(lamnet) źϴ mourn v. de(=intensive) + plor(=weep) lament ; grieve over ; be very sorry about ; express regret for źϴ ; ֵϴ ; ġ ; / ϴ, ϴ / ź(ź)ϴ; ϴ It is all very well to criticize and deplore the mistakes of young people, but why don't you give them credit for their good qualities? ; Although I deplore the vulgarity of your language, I defend your right to express yourself freely. ̵ ߸ ϰ źϴ ׵ Ī ʴϱ? ; 󽺷  ź ڽ ǥ ִ Ǹ Ѵ. [+] grieve, lament, moan, mourn" mawkish,"޽ ; ɾ a. sickening; insipid ܿ; ̰ſ Your mawkish sighs fill me with disgust. ܿ źĿ . [+] nauseous" garrulous,"ٽ Ȳ Ҹ ò ʹ a. loquacious; wordy; talkative ٽ; Many members avoided the company of the garrulous old gentleman because his constant chatter on trivial matters bored them.; Paul is so garrulous that once he starts talking, no one can get a word in. ȸ ΰ ͱ⸦ 鿡 뼭 ̴. [+] prolix, talkative, verbose" strife, ȭ ݸ ο feign,"... ϴ ... üϴ ( ) ٸ系 ̴; ϴ v. pretend - üϴ Lady Macbeth feigned illness in the courtyard although she was actually healthy. ƺ δ ǰ ȶ㿡 ü ߴ. [+] sham, simulate" surreptitious," a. sur < sub(=under) + rep < rap(=take) done,got made, etc.in a secret,stealthy way,clandestine ,ϴ,,ڰ If, as they claim, they were not aware of the illegal character of their undertaking, why did they plan it in a surreptitious way. ; News of their surreptitious meeting gradually leaked out. ׵ ڱ ϴ ҹ ٸ ׵ װ и ȹ? ; ׵ ȸ㿡 ҽ Ǿ. [+] clandestine, covert, furtive, stealthy, sub-rosa" proximity," n. prox(=near) + im(=s.e.) + ity(=that which) nearness , Modern high-speed transportation has brought all nations of the world into close proximity . ; The deer sensed the hunter's and bounded away.; Proximity to the new shopping center should increase the value of our property. ̿ . ; 罿 ɲ ˰ پ ޾Ƴ. [+] contiguity, propinquity" decadent,⿡ deign,"Ȳϰ ~ ֽô condescend v. condescend - ϴ He felt that he would debase himself if he deigned to answer his critics. ״ ڱ⸦ ߾ ڱ⸦ ϴ 鿡 Ϸ ״ ڱ ڽ ϽŰ . [+] vouchsafe" tentative," ӽ; ϴ ӹŸ a. provisional; experimental; uncertain; probable ӽ; You tentative plans sound plausible; let me know when the final details are worked out.; Let's decide upon a tentative date for the next meeting; we can always change it if we need to. þ ׷ δ. ˷޶. [+] conditional, temporary; tentġ ӽ÷ ϴ(tentative)" minuscule,"ſ a. min(=small) tiny, very small / extremely small / ſ The lottery tempts many who hope to become millionaire through the squandering of minuscule sums. ; Why should I involve myself with a project with so minuscule a chance for success? Ҿ ؼ 鸸ڰ DZ⸦ ٶ ȤѴ. ; ִ ȸ ȹ ؾϴ? [+] miniature, minute" inflammatory,ϰ ϴ tantamount," ϴ a. equal Your ignoring their pathetic condition is tantamount to murder. ׵ ó ϴ ΰ ̴. [+] equivalent, identical" vitriolic,"Ŷ a. corrosive; sarcastic Ŷ; dz Such vitriolic criticism is uncalled for. ׷ Ŷ ̴. [+] vitriolic acid (Ȳ)" petulant," ȭ ٷο(cranky rude) a. touchy; peevish ; The feverish patient was petulant and restless. ȯڴ Ű Ǿ ߴ. [+] fractious, fretful, irritable, peevish, testy, touchy" transcend,"ʿϴ ɰϴ ϴ v. tran < trans(=over, beyond) + scend(=climb) go beyond or outside the range of human experience, reason, belief, powers of description, etc. / exceed; surpass; to rise above; to surpass [ΰ ,̼,ž, ]ʿϴ / ʰϴ, ɰϴ The magnificence of the scene far transcended my ability to describe it in words. ; This accomplishment transcends all our previous efforts.; The view is so lovely that it transcends any description of it. ġ ν װ ִ ɷ ξ ʿߴ . ; ɰϴ ̴." despot, ü toil,( ) abysmal,"ɿ a. bottomless ɿ; His arrogance is exceeded only by his abysmal ignorance. ɰѴ. [+] fathomless" evanescent," a. e < ex(=out, intensive) + van(=empty) + esc(=becoming) tending to fade from sight ; soon going from the memory ; ephemeral / fleeting; vanishing ; ʴ ; / Sure, it's great to be a big-league ballplayer but bear in mind that the years of stardom are brief and evanescent . ; For a brief moment, the entire skyline was bathed in an orange-red hue in the evanescent rays of the sunset. ϱ ߱ Ǵ ִ Ÿ Ⱓ̶ ª ̶ Ͻÿ. ; ϴ ü ӿ . [+] ephemeral, momentary, temporary, transient, transitory" innuendo,"dz Ͻ n. hint; insinuation dz; I resent the innuendos in your statement more than the statement itself. ü ӿ ִ Ͻÿ 谨 . [+] allusion, implication, insinuation, intimation" sardonic,"üϴ a. disdainful; sarcastic; cynical ; ; ü The sardonic humor of nightclub comedians who satirize or ridicule patrons in the audience strikes some people as amusing and others as rude. ûߵ ܰ 񲿰ų  ƮŬ ڸ޵ ü Ӵ Դ ̿ 鿡Դ ߴ. [+] mocking, derisive, scornful, sneering" facet,"( ) ڸ ; ( 繰) ϸ ; facetuous- n. small plane surface of a gem; a side ٸü ; Ѹ The stonecutter decided to improve the rough diamond by providing it with several facets. ģ ̾Ƹ忡 ν Ϸ ߴ. [+] aspect, phase" cognitive,"ν νķ ִ a. having to do with knowing or perceiving; related to the mental processes ν, Though jack was emotionally immature, his cognitive development was admirable; he was very advanced intellectually. δ ̼̾ ߴ ſ پ ߴ ش." malfeasance, broach,"ġ / ì / ϴ /  ȭ Թۿ v. open up  He did not even try to broach the subject of poetry. ״  ƹ ֵ ʾҴ. [-] close off()" suffrage,ǥ ű labyrinth,"̱(maze) ̷ ھ n. maze ̷ Tom and betty were lost in the labyrinth of secret caves. Ƽ н ̷ο Ҿ." affliction, ; approbation,"㰡 ΰ n. ap < ad(=to) + prob(=try, test, good) approval ; sanction 㰡 ; ΰ / Popularity polls seem to be based on the mistaken idea that the basic task of a political leader is to win immediate approbation from the people. ; She looked for some sign of approbation from her parents. αǥ εκ ޴ ġ ⺻ ӹ ߸ ٰŸ ΰ ִ . ; ׳ ڱ θ𿡰Լ ǥø ãҴ. [+] sanction; [-] condemnation()" inquisition,1.(ö) Ž 2.() ɹ derelict,"1. 2. å n.a. de(=intensive) + re(=back) + lict(=leave) ship abandoned at sea ; worthless person ; person who neglects his duty / abandoned ; deserted and left to fall into ruin ; failing in one's duty ػ ; ȸ ; ¸ / , ; Ȳ ; ¸ / ; In every large city, there is a neighborhood that serves as a refuge for derelicts who have failed to come to terms with society. ; The corporal who fell asleep while on watch was thrown into the guard house for being derelict in his duty. 뵵ÿ ȸ ︮ ϴ ڸ dzó ϴ ̿ ִ. ; ¸ â ż Ǿ. [+] delinquent, disregardful, neglectful, negligent, remiss" inculcate,"... ǮϿ ġ ˾Ƶ赵 ġ v. in(=in, on) + culc < calc(=tread) impress upon the mind by frequent repetition or persistent urging / teach ԽŰ / ġ, ϴ, ɾִ Before we start out to inculcate certain principles in young people, let's be very sure that these principles are truly desirable for them and their society. ; In an effort to inculcate religious devotion, the officials ordered that the school day begin with the singing of a hymn. ̵鿡  ԽŰ ϱ ̵ ׵ ׵ ȸ Ƿ ٶ Ȯϵ սô. ; žӽ ɾ ֱ ؼ ð ۰ θ ϵ ߴ. [+] instruct" genesis," ߻ n. gen(=birth,creation) beginning, starting point ; the first book of the Old Testament / origin , ߻, ; â The idea of the airplane had its genesis with study of the flights of birds. ; Tracing the genesis of a family is the theme of ""Roots."" ϴ Ǿ. ; ϴ ٷ ""Ѹ"" . [+] creation" put out, /ϴ/ذϴ/ԡ / ϴ/ ߴ hew,"ڸ/ Ѿ߸ / ~ v. cut to pieces with ax or sword ( Į) 丷 The cavalry rushed into the melee and hewed the enemy with their swords. ⺴ ߴ." discreet,/кִ dip out,۳ /ȣ⸦ ġ / ϴ constipation, segregate,иϴ clog, dissent,"ϴ n.v. dis(=apart) + sent(=feel) disagreement in opinion / have a different opinion from ; refuse to assent to ; refuse to accept the religious doctrine of the Chuch of England ǰ ġ / ǰ ޸ϴ ; ʴ ; ݴϴ I raise my voice in dissent now, and I will always do so whenever I feel that the rights of others are being disregarded. ; In the recent Supreme Court decision, Justice Marshall dissented from the majority opinion. ݴ Ǹ ϴµ ٸ Ǹ ôϰ ִٰ ׷ ̴. ; ֱ ְ Ǽ ǰῡ ǻ ټ ǰ߰ ٸ ǰ ´. [+] demur, discord" fragrance,/ dire,"޹/ / dare:~ϴ a. disastrous , ù, People ignored her dire predictions of an approaching depression. ٰ Ȳ ׳ ù ߴ. [+] apocalyptic, baleful, baneful, inauspicious, ominous, threatening, unpropitious" judicious,"к ִ 縮 к ִ a. jud(=judge) + ici(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) showing or having good sense / wise; determined by sound judgment кִ,ִ / ; Ǵ By careful planning and judicious investsments,he increased greatly the fortune his parents had left him. ; At a key moment in his life, he made a judicious investment that was the foundation of his later wealth. DZ ȹ ڷ ״ θκ ũ ÷ȴ. ; ſ ߿ ñ⿡ ״ ʰ Ǵ ڸ ϰ ȴ. [+] prudent, sapient" artful, ɼ ɶ; (=crafty) impeach,"1. ϴ åϴ 2. źϴ v. charge with crime in office; indict źϴ; ϴ The angry congressman wanted to impeach the President for his misdeeds. Ͽ ǿ ˸ źϷ ߴ. [+] arraign, criminate, incriminate" hermetic,"к ݼ ź ݼ a. obcure and mysterious; occult ȣ, ɿ, к It is strange to consider that modern chemistry originated in the hermetic teachings of the ancient alchemists. ݼ ȣ ħ Ѵٰ ̻ ̴. [+] abstruse, esoteric, occult, profound, recondite" defile," Ұϰ ϴ ... ż (desecrate) =consecrate v. de(=intensive) + fil(=foul) make something dirty ; destroy the purity of / pollute; profane ; ϴ / Ű; He claims to be a patriot, but his appeals to racism are defiling the great ideals on which this nation is built. ; The hoodlums defiled the church with their scurrilous writing. ״ ڽ ֱڶ ǿ ȣҴ ΰ ִ ̻ ϰ ִ . ; ҷ ׵ ǰ ۷ν ȸ ż ߴ. [+] besmirch, contaminate, desecrate, profane, pollute, stain, sully, taint, tarnish" rampant,"1. ϴ ϴ 2. ͷ ݳ 3. й a. rearing up on hind legs; unrestrained ޹߷ Ͼ; й; , ϴ The rampant weeds in the garden killed all the flowers which had been planted in the spring. ʵ ɾ ɵ ׾ ȴ. [+] pandemic, prevailing, preval!ent, widespread" convene,"ϴ / ȸϴ; ... ϴ gather v. con(=together) + ven(=come) call together ; send for someone ; come together for a meeting, council, etc. / assemble ϴ ; ȯϴ ; ̴,ȸϴ / It is impossible for us to convene a meeting while so many of our members are away on their summer vacations. ; Because much needed legislation had to be enacted, the governor ordered the legislature to convene in special session by January 15. ȸ ް ȿ 츮 ȸǸ ϴ Ұϴ. ; ʿ Ǿ ϱ 1 15ϱ Ư ȸǸ ϵ ȸ ߴ. [+] assemble, convoke, summon" infuse,1.(ü) ϴ 2.() ηִ(instill) beget,"̸ ϴ v. father; produce; give rise to ; ߱ϴ One good turn may deserve another; it does not necessarily beget another. ѹ ٸ ุ ġ ִ. ׷ ݵ ٸ ߱Ű ƴϴ. [+] breed, generate, progenerate, propagate" supercilious,"ŵ帧 ǿ Ÿ a. contemptuous; haughty 躸; ǹ, Ÿ, I resent your supercilious and arrogant attitude. ŵ帧ǿ µ аѴ. [+] arrogant, disdainful, insolent" prolific,"ٻ dz a. pro(=forth) + l < al(=nourish) producing many young or much fruit ; turning out many products of the mind ; fruitfl ; abounding / abundantly fruitful; productive ٻ ; ; ; dz / ̸ ; In spite of his long and prolific career, his reputation today rests entirely on one great play. ; She was a prolific writer and wrote as many as three books a year.; Ernest Hemingway was a very prolific writer; during his brief career he published seven major novels, six volumes of short stories and poems, and two travel sketches. پ Ȱ ұϰ ó ǰ Ѵ. ; ׳ ۰ ۰μ ϳ⿡ 3̳ Ǵ å . [+] fecund, fertile, productive" facile,"ս ; ; ؾ ǻ a. fac < fact(=do, make) + ile(=capable of) easily done or obtained ; able to do things easily ; fluent,done easily but without attention to quality / easy; expert ,ս ; <> س ; <̳ >â / ; ͼ I admired his facile flow of words, but they failed to convince me that he had practical ideas to help solve our problems. ; Because he was a facile speaker, he never refused a request to address an organization.; There is no facile solution to this very complicated problem. â Ī 츮 ذ ǿ װ ִٴ Ȯ ߴ. ; ״ â 翴 κ û . [+] untroublesome" forbear,ϴ Ƴ; ﰡ 縮 wizened,"õ ̿ a. withered; shriveled õ; ָ The wizened old man in the home for the aged was still active and energetic. ο 󱼿 ָ Ȱ̰ ̴." inert, / Ȱ Ⱑ ; Ȱ cerebral," ; ȣϴ a. pertaining to the brain of intellect γ; The content of philosophical works is cerebral in nature and requires much thought. ö ǰ 纯̾ Ѵ. [+] intellectual" tautological,"Ǿ ߾ξ; (redundant) a. needlessly repetitious ʿϰ ݺǴ In the sentence ""It was visible to the eye,"" the phrase ""to the eye"" is tautological. ""It was visible to the eye"". 忡 ""to the eye"" ʿ ݺ̴. [+] redundant" parable,"ȭ; palpable=touchable culpable=guilty n. para(=beside) + bl < bol(=throw) simple story designed to teach a moral lesson / short, simple story teaching a moral ȭ, <> The story of the Prodigal Son in the Bible is a parable that helps us understand problems and situations of present day life of human life. ; Let us apply to our own conduct the lesson that this parable teaches. 濡 Ƶ ̾߱ 츮 Ȱ Ȳ ϴµ Ǵ ȭ ̴. ; ȭ ġ ƴ ൿ. [+] allegory, apologue, fable" baleful,"طο a. deadly; destructive ġ; ı; , طο, ִ The drought was a baleful omen. ¡. [+] baneful, malign, pernicious, sinister; [-] beneficent(̷ο)" obeisance," λ obedient obedience obeisant obey n. ob(=intensive) + eis < aud(=hear) deep bow of respect or homage ; homage ; obedience, submission ; ; / λ; The Bible tells us that visitors to the court of Solomon, the great Hebrew king, willingly did obeisance unto him. ; She made an obeisance as the king and queen entered the room. Solmon ã ׿ 踦 ȴٰ 츮鿡 ش. ; ׳ հ պ 濡 Ǹ ǥߴ. [+] deference, reverence" impotent,"ɷ / a. weak; ineffective ; Ҵ Although he wished to break the nicotine habit, he found himself impotent in resisting the craving for a cigarette. ״ ƾ ߴϰ ; ǿ µ ڽ ϴٴ ˾Ҵ. [+] incapable, incompetent" remonstrate,"ϴ Ǹ ϴ ϴ v. re(=again, against) + monstr(=show) say or plead in protest, objection, complaints, etc. ϴ, Ǹ ϴ, ϴ Since he seems to have no moral standards whatsoever, it would probably be futile to remonstrate with him about his outrageous behavior. ; I must remonstrate about the lack of police protection in this area. ״ ̶ ̱⶧ ؼ ׿ ϴ Ƹ ̴. ; ȣ Ϳ . [+] resist, withstand" brusque,"Ҷ / / a brusque reply : Ҷ a. blunt; abrupt , Ҷ; ۽ She was offended by his brusque replay. ׳ ۽ 亯 ȭ . [+] gruff" covet,Ž ϴ; ϴ ϴ chutzpah, blatant bivouac,"߿ n. temporary encampment Ͻ ߿ While in bivouac, we spent the night in our sleeping bags under the stars. ߿ 츮 鼭 ħ ӿ ´." cloister," / / ȶ / / Ȱ / ܵ n. monastery or convent ; ȸ The nuns lived in the cloister. Ҵ." attrition," n. at < ad(=to, intensive) + trit(=rub) wearing away by rubbing / gradual wearing down Ҹ, Because the difficulty of the subject matter involved increases rapidly as the term proceeds, such courses as mathematics and physics have a high rate of student attrition . ; They decided to wage a war of attrition rather than to rely on an all-out attack. бⰡ ʿ ̼ а 绡 ذ ̳ л . ; ׵ Ѱݿ ϱ⺸ ߴ. [+] corrosion, erosion" amenable," / ϴ / (amen : Ƹ/׷(It is so)/...) / say amen to : ~ []ϴ a. readily managed; willing to be led Ⲩ ϴ; ϴ He was amenable to any suggestions which came from those he looked up to; he resented advice from his inferiors. ״ ڽ ϴ Ʒ ϴ ϰ . [+] compliant, docile, malleable, obedient, pliant, submissive, tractable" subsidiary," (supplemental) μ(subordinate) n.a. sub(=under) + sid(=sit) subsidiary company / serving as a help or support but not of first importance / subordinate; secondary [ַpl]ȸ,ȸ / , / The responsibility to the general public on the part of these corporations and their subsidiaries is not lessened by the fact that they pay heavy taxes. ; This information may be used as subsidiary evidence but is not sufficient by itself to prove your argument. ȸ 迭ȸ Ϲݿ å ׵ ٴ Ƿ پ ƴϴ. ; Ű ְ ϴµ üμ ġ ʴ. [+] accessory, ancillary, appurtenant, auxiliary" clandestine," ϴ arcane a. secret ; After avoiding their chaperon, the lovers had a clandestine meeting. ε ڽŵ ߵ и . [+] covert, furtive, stealthy, surreptitious" pummel,"(ָ)... Ÿϴ; plumb=plummet v. beat The severity with which he was pummeled was indicated by bruises he displayed on his head and face. װ 󸶳 ϰ ¾Ҵ Ӹ 󱼿 Ÿڻ ˼ ־. [+] strike" neologism,"ž(new word) ž n. log(=speech) coining or using of new words ; newly coined word / new or newly coined word or phrase ž <> ; ž ""Astronaut"" is a space-age neologism . ; As we invent new techniques and professions, we must also invent neologisms such as ""microcomputer"" and ""astronaut"" to describe them. ""Astronaut"" ô ̴. ; ν 츮 ׵ Ÿ ִ ""ũ ǻ"" "" "" ž Ѵ. [-] archaism()" commemorate,()... Ǵ ... /ϴ palpable," ִ ѷ и / palp : ~ , 縸 a. palp(=touch) + able(=capable of) that can be felt or touched ; clear to the mind / tangible; easily perceptible ִ ; ѷ, / ִ; ִ Nutritionists emphasize that there is a palpable difference between ""eating to live"" and ""living to eat"". ; I cannot understand how you could overlook such a palpable blunder. "" Դ "" ""Ա "" ̿ ̰ ִٴ ڵ Ѵ. ; ׷ Ǽ  ƴ . [+] detectable, discernible" comprise,"ϴ ǰ ǹϴ; Ǵ Ǵ v. com < con(=together) + pris(=take) be composed of ; contain / include; consists of ̷ ; ϴ / ~ ̷ / - ϴ Let's prepare a joint statement that will comprise the various objections of all civic groups to the freeway plan. ; If the District of Columbia were to be granted statehood, the United States of America would comprise fifty-one states, not just fifty. ӵ ȹ ΰ ü ݴ븦 Խų ۼϵ սô. ; ݷ Ư ַμ Ǹ ̱ 50 ƴ϶ 51ַ ̷ ̴. [+] compose, constitute" idiosyncrasy,"Ư Ư̼ Ư ǥ Ưü n. peculiarity; eccentricity Ư; Ư̼ One of his personal idiosyncrasies was his habit of rinsing all cutlery given him in a restaurant. Ĵ翡 ִ , ũ 󱸴 ̾. [+] oddity, singularity" inundate,"Ű ħŰ оġ ⵵ϴ v. in(=on, in) + und(=wave) flood ; cover with water by over-flowing ; deluge / overflow; Ű ; ħŰ ; <Ư >оġ / ϴ; ȫ When we asked for suggestions on how to raise money for the intramural sports program, we found ourselves inundated by ""bright ideas"" from all sides. ; The tremendous waves inundated the town. ⸦ ݹ ؼ Ź 濡 ""Ǹ ̵"" ˾Ҵ. ; û ĵ ø ħ״. [+] deluge, overflow; [-] drain(ϴ, ϴ)" sequester,"Ű Ű; ϴ зϴ v. retire from public life; segregate; seclude ȸȰ ϴ; ϴ; ݸŰ Although he had hoped for a long time to sequester himself in a small community, he never was able to drop his busy round of actives in the city. ״ ׸ ׿ ϸ ; ÿ Ȱ . [+] isolate, separate" lampoon,"dzϴ ƳɰŸ v. ridicule Ÿ, dzϴ This article lampoons the pretensions of some movie moguls. ȭ ߿ ι 㼼 dzѴ. [+] burlesque, caricature, parody, satire, travesty" viscous," / Ÿ (sticky) a. sticky; gluey ; Ʊ Melted tar is a viscous substance. Ÿ ̴. [+] glutinous, viscid" chronic," a. long established as a disease ; The doctors were finally able to attribute his chronic headaches and nausea to traces of formaldehyde gas in his apartment. ǻ ħ Ʈ ̶ ˾Ƴ´. [+] habitual" benighted,"̰ ȭ / / a. overcome by darkness ҿ In the benighted Middle Ages, intellectual curiosity was widely discouraged. ο ߼ ȣ 鿡 ȴ." accrue,"ϴ / (ڿ)ϴ() ( ) ٴ ô v. ac < ad(=to, add) + cru < cre(=grow, increase) come as a natural growth or development ; come as a natural increase especially of money / come about by addition <ڿ ߴ޷> ; <ڰ>ٴ / ٿ I am convinced that some substantial advantages will accrue to me if I complete my college education. ; You must pay the interest which has accrued on your debt as well as the principal sum. ġ  ⸮ ȮѴ. ; ݻӸ ƴ϶ ڵ ؾ Ѵ. [+] augment" impresario,(ش Ǵ ) insidious,"༺ / Ȱ a. treacherous; stealthy; sly Ȱ, ; ; ϴ, ༺ The fifth column is insidious because it works secretly within our territory for our defeat. ݿڵ 츮 й踦 츮 ϱ Ȱϴ. [+] artful, astute, crafty, guileful, wily" resplendent,"νð a. re(=intensive) + splend(=shine) very bright ; splendid / brilliant; lustrous ſ ; / ȭ; The talents which had seemed so resplendent in their youth now struk us as unimpressive and even pathetic. ; The toreador wore a resplendent costume. ׵  ׷ ɵ鵵 츮 ǰ óӴٴ λ ش. ; ⸶ ȭ ߴ. [+] splendid" philistine,"ӹ n. narrow-minded person; uncultured person ӹ; We need more men of culture and enlightenment; we have too many philistines among us. 츮 ְ ȭ ʿϴ. 츮 ߿ ӹ ʹ . [-] aesthete(Ž)" ingenuous," ٹҾ; a. in(=in) + gen(=birth, creation) frank ; open ; innocent ; natural / naive; young; unsophisticated ; ; õ ; ٹҾ / ; / Can you be so ingenuous that you don't realize she is paying us all those phony compliments to get something out of us? ; These remarks indicate that you are ingenuous and unaware of life's harsher realities. 츮κ ΰ  ׳డ 츮 Ī ϰ ִٴ ŭ ׷ ֽϱ? ; ̷ ߾ ؼ λ ǵ 𸣰 Ÿ. [+] artless, unaffected, unsophisticated" benevolent," ںο ȣ a. bene(=good) + vol(=will) + ent(=having the quality of) doing or inclined to do good ; kindly ; charitable / generous; ں ; ģ ; ڼ / ; ں ִ / No one doubts the benevolent intentions of the program for community improvement, but it was ruined by mismanagement. ; His benevolent nature prevented him from refusing any beggar who accosted him. ȸ ȹ ȣ ǵ ƹ ǽ ߸ װ ߴ. ; ״ ؼ ڱ⿡ ϴ ߴ. [+] charitable, altruistic, humane, humanitarian, magnanimous, philanthropic" wanton," / ͹Ͼ a. unruly; unchaste; excessive , ٷ ; ; , ں His wanton, drunken ways cost him many friends. ״ ģ Ҿ. [+] perverse, wayward; dissolute, lewd, licentious, lustful; bestial, brutal, cruel" platitude," ; ; ߾ n. trite remark; commonplace statement , , ; ǰ The platitudes in his speech were applauded by the vast majority in his audience; only a few people perceived how trite his remarks were. ټ û߿Լ ä ޾Ҵ. Ҽ 鸸 ߾ 󸶳 Ѱ ˾ë. [+] banality, cliche, prosaism; [-] original observation(â Ұ)" venal,"żDZ / ¿ ִ ż ִ ; Ÿ a. capable of being bribed ް żǴ, żDZ The venal policeman accepted the bribe offered him by the speeding motorist whom he had stopped. żǴ ڱⰡ ӵ ڰ ̴ ޾Ҵ. [+] bribable, corruptible; [-] incorruptible( )" didactic,"ġ / didact : ϴ a. teaching; instructional ġ ; The didactic qualities of his poetry overshadow its literary qualities; the lesson he teaches is more memorable than the lines. ô Ư Ư δ. װ ġ ñ ﳭ. [+] exhortative, hortative, moral, sermonic" assail,"ϴ v. assault ϴ He was assailed with questions after his lecture. ״ Ŀ ޾Ҵ. [+] aggress, assault" subjugate,"~ Ű / ϴ v. conquer; bring under control ϴ; Ű It is not our aim to subjugate our foe; we are interested only in establishing peaceful relations. 츮 ϴ 츮 ǥ ƴϴ; 츮 ȭ 踦 Ȯϴ ִ." clemency,"() ȭ; n. disposition to be lenient; mildness, as of the weather; kindness; mercy , ó; (,) ȭ The lawyer was pleased when the case was sent to Judge Smith's chambers because Smith was noted for her clemency toward first offenders.; The crowd clapped and cheered as the football team ran onto the field. ȣ ̽ ǻǷ ⻼. װ ̽ ǻ簡 ʹڿԴ ó ̸ ־ ̴. [+] lenity, mercy" auspices, Ŀ 罺 ȣ laud,ϴ ⸮ anterior, ( ) ո consecrate,"ȭϴ / żϰ ϴ ȭϴ ϴ ϴ v. con(=together) + secr < sacr(=holy) make sacred ; devote something to a special purpose / dedicate; sanctify żϰ ϴ ; ġ,ϴ / żϴ As we move into the third century of our nation's life, we should consecrate ourselves anew to the ideals of human freedom. ; We shall consecrate our lives to this noble purpose. 츮 簡 3 鼭 츮 η ̻ Ӱ ؾ Ѵ . ; 츮 츮 ĥ ̴. [+] devote; hallow, sanctify" proclaim,... ϴ ϴ(declare) exalt,̴ Ű Īϴ ϰ ϴ resignation, / ϴ / ü; (ұ) (acquiescence); revamp,( or ) ϴ ϴ transcribe depravity," n. corruption; wickedness Ÿ; The depravity of the tyrant's behavior shocked all. ൿ ޾Ҵ." relentless,Ȥ dormant,"ڴ ẹ ִ ~volcano ~window a. dorm(=sleep) + ant(=having the quality of) in a state of inactivity but awaiting development or activity / sleeping; lethargic; torpid ẹ, ڴ, <<ȭ>>Ȱ ϰ ִ / ȥ; So long as the local government lacks the necessary funds, this worthwhile project will have to remain dormant . ; Sometimes dormant talents in our friends surprise those of us who never realized how gifted our acquaintances really are. ΰ ʿ Ǹ ȹ ޸· ־ ̴. ; 츮 ƴ Ƿ 󸶳 ִ° 𸣰 츮 ģ Ͽ Ѵ. [+] latent, potential, quiescent" anthropomorphic,"ι( 繰 ó) a. having human form or characteristics ΰ ; ι; ȭ, Primitive religions often have deities with anthropomorphic characteristics. ΰ Ư¡ . [+] anthropoid, humanoid" grievous, ϴ mourn bemoan; aggrieve- дϴ acquisitive, ( α ) ϴ glut,"ʹ ħ v. overstock; fill to excess ϴ; ϴ(Ű) The many manufacturers glutted the market and could not find purchasers for the many articles they had produced. ڵ ǰ 忡 Ͽ ǰ ڸ ã . [+] gorge, jade, sate, satiate, surfeit" garner,"1. ... 2. () v. gather; store up ; ϴ She hoped to garner the world's literature in one library. ׳ ǰ ; ߴ. [+] accumulate, amass, cumulate, glean, reap, stockpile" celibacy, ŻȰ ݿ veracity, porous,"1. 2. ħ a. full of pores; like a sieve , ٰ Dancers like to wear porous clothing because it allows the ready passage of water and air. ֱ ׷ Դ´. [+] penetrable, permeable, pervious; [-] impermeable(ħ ϴ)" disseminate,"ϴ θ Ѹ; ϴ ۶߸ v. dis(=apart) + semin(=seed) distribute or spread widely ideas, doctrines, etc. / scatter like seeds; to spread to distribute <<, >> ϴ, ޽Ű, ۶߸ / Ѹ Ѹ; (, ǰ)۶߸ Perhaps he did not originate that vicious rumor, but he certainly shares the responsibility for having disseminated it. ; The invention of the radio has helped propagandists to disseminate their favorite doctrines very easily.; The literlry critics dissected every sentense in the essay. Ȯ װ Ǽ   ʾ װ ۶߸ å Ϻ Ȯϴ. ; ߸ ġ ڵ ڱ ֿ θ ˸µ ־. [+] diffuse, disperse, propagate, radiate, spread" peripatetic,"ҿ (Ƹڷ ҿϸ ڸ ģ Ͽ) / ȸϴ(itinerant) ɾٴϴ(wandering) a. patet(=walk) going about from place to place ; wandering / walking about; moving ƴٴϴ ; ȸϴ, ȸϴ / ɾ ƴٴϴ; The peripatetic peddler sold trinkets door to door. ; The peripatetic school of philosophy derives its name from the fact that Aristotle walked with his pupils while discussion philosophy with them. ƴٴϴ ǵ ȾҴ. ; ö ҿĴ Ƹڷ ڵ ö ϸ鼭 ɾٴ ̸ ߴ. [+] ambulant, itinerant, nomadic; [-] stationary(, ֵ)" infatuated, Ȥ nihilism,"㹫 n. nihil(=nothing) the belief that there is no meaning or purpose in existence / denial of traditional values; total skepticism 㹫, Their blanket rejection of the standards and values on which our society is founded seems to be little short of nihilism . ; Nihilism holds that existence has no meaning. 츮 ȸ ΰ ִ ذ ׵ źϴ Ƿ δ. ; 㹫Ǵ ϴ ƹ ǹ̰ ٰ Ѵ." delectable,ſ ; deleterous-طο cognizant,νϰ ִ ˰ ִ profuse,Ƴ ; dz ; secede,(Ư ü) Żϴ иϴ; concede-纸ϴ ϴ accede-ϴ spurn,"1. ѾƳ ߹ϴ 2. ϴ ϴ v. reject; scorn ѾƳ, ߹ϴ; ϴ The heroine spurned the villain's advances. ΰ Ǵ ƴ." preeminent,"Ź ߱ a. pre(=before) + e < ex(=out) + min(=project) +ent(=having the quality of) excelling others / outstanding; superior , ߱, Ź Rachel Carson, the great ecologist, is still preeminent among those who seek to explain how ""the sea around us"" is threatened by pollution. ; The king traveled to Boston because he wanted the preeminent surgeon in the field to perform the operation. Rachel Carson ""츮 ٴ""  ̷ ް ִ° Ϸ  پ ̴. ; о߿ Ź ܰǸ ߱ . [+] conspicuous, distinguished, notable, renowned" consummate,"ϼ ϼ ; ͹Ͼ û; ϼϴ ϴ a.v. con(=with) + sum (=sum, highest point) accomplish ; make perfect / perfect / complete ϴ ; ϼϴ / All that I needed to consummate the most important deal of my career was Mr. Elson's signature on the dotted line. ; I have never seen anyone who makes as many stupid errors as you do; you must be a consummate idiot. ⼼ ߿ κ ϱ ʿ ϴ Elson ޴ ̾. ; Ű  Ǽ . ׷Ƿ ġӿ Ʋ. [+] flawless, impeccable" ineluctable,"Ұ ; elude-ϴ  a. in(=not) + e < ex(=out) + luct(=struggle) that cannot be escaped from / irresistible; not to be escaped , Ұ׷ / Ұ, ; Letting the grim facts speak for themselves, the speaker explained quietly the ineluctable tragedy that results from drug abuse. ; He felt that his fate was ineluctable and refused to make any attempt to improve his lot. ؾ ǵ صǵ ΰ ๰뿡 ߴ. ; ״ ڽ Ұ׷ ôϱ õ ʾҴ. [+] inescapable, inevasible, unavoidable, unescapable" replenish,"ٽ ä ϴ v. re(=again) + plen(=fill) fill uo something again ; get a new supply of / fill up again ٽ ä ; ϴ The hours I spent listening to this wise woman replenished my spirit and gave me the strength to carry on. ; The end of rationing enabled us to replenish our supply of canned food. ̾߱⸦ ð Ⱑ ǻƳ ִ Ǿ. ; 츮 ǰ ǰ ٽ ä ־. [+] refill, restock" apprise,"... ˸ 뺸ϴ v. ap < ad(=to) + pris < prehend(=take) inform ˸ I think it was very inconsiderate of Lucille to wait until this late date before she apprised Mrs. Denner of her intention to quit the class show. ; When he was apprised of the dangerous weather conditions, he decided to postpone his trip. Lucille Denner翡 б޼츦 ׸ ΰڴٴ ׳ ˷ ʰ ¥ ٷȴ ſ к ٰ̾ Ѵ. ; ״ ϱ ° ڴٴ ϱ ߴ. [+] notify; [-] withhold information( ϴ)" forsake," ʴ v. desert; abandon; renounce ׸δ, No one expected Foster to forsake his wife and children and run off with another woman. Ͱ Ƴ ڽ ٸ ڿ ĥ Ƹ ġ ̴. [+] quit" respite," Ͻ ߴ ; ޽ıⰣ n. re(=back, away) + spi(=look) time of relief or rest from toil, suffering, anything unpleasant ; postponement or delay permitted in the suffering of or the discharge of an obligation ; reprieve / delay in punishment; interval of relief; ޽ıⰣ ; , ; / ȵⰣ; After we had been playing our best rock records for several hours, mother entered the room and begged for some respite . ; The judge granted the condemned man a respite to enable his attorneys to file an appeal. 츮 ϴ ڵ带 ð Ӵϰ 濡 ͼ ڰ ûߴ. ; ǻ ˰ ȣ縦 ׼ ֵ Ⱓ ־. [+] intermission, pause, reprieve" viable," ִ ڶ ִ a. capable of maintaining life ִ The infant, though prematurely born, is viable and has a good chance to survive. ̼Ʒ ¾ Żƴ Ƿ ɼ ξ ũ. [+] living" verisimilitude, ¥ ó ̴ deft,"ؾ ɼ a. neat; skillful ְ پ The deft waiter uncorked the champagne without spilling a drop. ɼ ʹ ﵵ ʰ ڸũ . [+] adroit, dexterous" explicate,( ) Ͽ ϴ ... ϴ ؼϴ deluge,"ȫ ȣ; (湮 )⵵ n.v. de(=off) + lu(=wash) great flood ; heavy fall of rain ; anything coming in a heavy rush / flood ; come down on / fiood; ȫ ; ȣ ; ,⵵ / ϴ ; ⵵ϴ The people living in the valley feared a deluge from the river swollen with spring rains. ; When we advertised the position, we received a deluge of applications.  ó Ҿ ȫ ηߴ. ; 츮 ڸ Դ. [+] cataclysm, inundation, spate" exhume,"... ߱ϴ (Ư)(ü ) ߱ϴ v. dig out of the ground; remove from a grave ij; ߱ϴ Because of the rumor that he had been poisoned, his body was exhumed in order that an autopsy might be performed. װ Ǿٴ ҹ ü غϱ ij´. [+] disinter, unearth" jubilation,"ȯ ȯȣ / jubilate : ȯȣϴ n. rejoicing ȯȣ There was great jubilation when the armistice was announced. ǥǾ ũ ȯȣߴ. [+] exultation" remuneration, ; ޷ intrinsic," a. intr < intra(=within) + ins(=s.e.) + ic(=nature of) belongiing naturally ; existing within,not coming from outside / belonging to a thing in itself; inherent <<ġ,>>,, ߾ ; / In stating that ""All men are created equal and endowed with certain unalienable rights"",the Declaration of Independence proclaims the intrinsic value of every human being. ; Although my grandmother's china has intrinsically little value, I shall always cherish it for the memories it evokes. "" ϰ âǰ  絵 Ǹ ο޾Ҵ"" ΰ ġ ϰ ִ. ; ҸӴ ڱ ġ װ ҷŰ ׻ . [+] inherently, innately, naturally" censure,"ϴ Ȥϴ åϴ v. blame; criticize ϴ; ϴ He was censured for his inappropriate behavior. ״ Ÿġ ൿ Ͽ 񳭹޾Ҵ. [+] condemn, denounce, denunciate, rebuke, reprehend, reprimand, reproach, reprobate, reprove; [-] commend(Īϴ)" stricture," ; Ȥ n. critical comments; severe and adverse criticism ; Ȥ His strictures on the author's style are prejudiced and unwarranted. ǥ Ŀ Ȥ ߿ ְ δ ̾. [+] structure stricture Ȥ(stricture) ޴´." peremptory,"ȣ ; Ÿ; (categorical) a. per(=intensive) + empt(=take) not to be disobeyed or questioned ; dogmatic ; insisting upon obedience ; imperious / demanding and leaving no choice <> ȣ ; ; ; Ÿ Although I had no objection to proposal as such, I so resented the perremptory tone in which he spoke to me that I refused to cooperate. ; I resent your peremptory attitude. ü ݴ ʰ ϴ ȭ ϱ⸦ źߴ. ; Ÿ µ аѴ. [+] unfaltering, absolute, uncompromising" repercussion," / ݵ / Ƣ ݻ ݰ n. re(=back) + per(=intensive) + cus (=shake) + ion(=that which) springing back ; a far-reaching, often indirect effect of or reaction to some event or action / rebound; reverberation; Ƣ° ; <<>>, <<ǵ>>ݵ / Ʀ; ݻ; ۿ It is difficult to convince most people that baby-care habits in the United States have serious repercussions in ""third-world"" nations, but they do. ; I am afraid that event will have serious repercussions. ̱ Ʊ 3 鿡 ɰ ݹ߿ εġ ִٴ κ 鿡 ȮŽŰ װ ̴. ; ɰ ۿ ų ηƴ. [+] result" grimace," / ׸ A ٹ n. a facial distortion to show feeling such as pain, disgust, etc. ׸, Ǫ , Even thought he remained silent, his grimace indicated his displeasure. ״ ħϰ ־ ׸ 谨 Ÿ ." ratiocination,"߷ ߸ / rational : ̼ n. reasoning; act of drawing conclusions from premises ߷; е ̲ Poe's ""The Gold Bug"" is a splendid example of the author's use of ratiocination. ǰ 'Ȳ ' ڰ ߸ پ . [+] inference, deduction" seclusion,"ݸ n. se(=away) + clus(=shut) + ion(=that which) a secluding or being secluded, retirement, isolation / solitude ݸ, , , Ѱ It is hard for me to understand why a world-famous writer should choose to live in the seclusion of a country village. ; One moment she lived crowds; the next, she sought seclusion. ۰ ð ϱ⸦ ߴ ϱ ƴ. ; Ѷ ׳ ߴ. ׸ ݸǾ ִ . [+] reclusion, sequestration" cataclysm," / ȫ / ݵ 뺯 n. clysm(=wash) sudden and violent change / deluge; upheaval; a great flood; a terrible event 뺯, ݺ / ū ȫ; ݺ A cataclysm such as the French Revolution affects all countries. ; A cataclysm such as the French Revolution affects all countries.; Shirley was castigated by her mother for staying out too late. ݺ ģ. ; ݺ ģ. [+] deluge, inundation, overflow, spate; calamity, catastrophe, misadventure, tragedy" muster,ϴ forebode,( ) ̸ Ÿ ̴; /ϴ predecessor," n. pre(=before) + de(=down) + ces (=go) former holder of any office or position ; ancestor ; thing to which another has succeeded / fomer occupant of a post ; ; . ռ ־ / I cannot hope to match the achievement of my brilliant predecessor in this office, but you can be sure that I will give the best that is in me. ; I hope I can live up to the fine example set my late predecessor in this office. 繫 Ǹ ϱ⸦ ٶ ִ ִ ɷ ϸ Ȯ ֽϴ. ; 繫ǿ ֱ ڿ Ǹ ⿡ Ȱϰ ʹ. [+] anncestor, antecedent, forerunner, precursor" apposite," ´ apropos apt a. ap < ad(=to, near) + pos(=put) strikingly appropriate for a purpose or occasion / fitting , / Because the speaker before her had defined the topic so narrowly, Sylvia had to revise her notes so that only apposite data remained. ; He was always able to find the apposite phrase, the correct expression! for every occasion. ռ 簡 ʹ ڼ ߱ Sylvia ڷḸ ׳ ּ ؾ ߴ. ; ״ 쿡 Ȯ ǥ ã ־. [+] germane, pertinent, relevant; [-] irrelevant(ġ )" anguish," / ; οϴ n. acute pain;extreme suffering; great sorrow pain , / Visiting the site of the explosing, Premier Gorbachev wept to see the anguish of the victims and their families.; The injured soldier moaned in anguish until the doctor arrived. 湮 ڿ ׵ . [+] throes; torment, torture" malaise," ¨ n. uneasiness; distress 谨 She felt a sudden vague malaise when she heard sounds at the door. Ҹ ׳ ۽ 谨 ." portent,"; ¡; () n. sign; omen; forewarning ; ; He regarded the black cloud as a portent of evil. ״ Ա ұ ¡ . [+] augury, bodement, presage" premise," ٰ; ε n. assumption; postulate , Because Jack had based his argument upon a faulty premise, his opponent cheerfully pointed out the holes in his logic. ҿ ٰ߱ ־. [+] assumption, postulate, postulation, presumption, supposition" appellation,"Ī ȣĪ n. name; title Ī; Īȣ He was amazed when the witches hailed him with his correct appellation. ״ Ȯ ̸ ڱ⸦ ȯȣϿ ϴ Ϳ . [+] caption" scrutinize,"ڼ ϴ Ӽӵ ˾ƺ v. examine closely and critically ˻ϴ; ڼ ϴ Searching for flaws, the sergeant scrutinized every detail of the private's uniform. ϻ ãƳ . [+] canvass, survey" rancor," n. bitterness; hatred; spiteful hatred ; ; ; Ӱ Let us forget our rancor and cooperate in this new endeavor.; Let us forget our former rancor and cooperate to solve the pressing problems at hand. ؾ ο . [+] enmity, animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, hostility; ܿ£ ڰ (rancor) Ǿ 󸮰 ܿ (rancor)ϰ ȴ." progeny,"ڼ n. children; offspring ڼ; He was proud of his progeny but regarded George as the most promising of all his children. ״ ڽĵ鿡 ںν ־µ ׵ ߿ 巡 ִ ̷ . [+] descendants, posterity, scions" subtle,̹ Ȱ ludicrous,"콺 / ٺ (ridiculous) / It is a ludicrous situation װ 콺 Ȳ̳ / ludic : a. laughable; trifling 콺; Let us be serious; this is not a ludicrous issue. Ѵ. ̰ ѱ ƴϴ. [+] comic, droll" indigent," a. in(=in) + dig(=need, lack) + ent(=having the quality of) very poor , What can the rich nations of the world do to aid those countries which are still economically undeveloped and indigent ? ; Because he was indigent, he was sent to the welfare office. ϰ ִ°? ; ״ ߱ ." postulate," ⺻ ʿ; ġ / posture : ڼ n. self-evident truth ڸ We must accept these statements as postulates before pursuing our discussions any further. Ǹ ̻ ϱ 츮 翬 Ƿ ޾Ƶ鿩߸ Ѵ. [+] axiom" connoisseur,"(̼ǰ ) / İ n. con(=thoroughly) + n < gn < gno(=know) person with good judgement on matters in which taste is needed ; expert / person competent to act as a judge of art, etc; a lover of an art ,İ ; / ȣ After spending the summer behind the soda fountain at the Sweet Shop, I think I can fairly describe myself as a connoisseur of banana splits and milk shakes. ; She had developed into a connoisseur of fine china. ڰ Ҵټ ǸŴ뿡 ٳ ÷ ũ ũ ϴ ڽ ص 翬 ̴. ; ׳ ڱ Ŀ." pejorative,"ȭŰ / ġ ߸(negative) ϴ(disparaging) a. having a deteriorating or depreciating effect on the meaning of a word , ġ ߸ His use of pejorative language indicated his contempt for his audience. װ û߿ Ÿ ̾. [+] depreciatory, derogatory, detracting, disparaging" disgruntle,"... ¨ ϴ ... ǰϴ Ҹ disaffect v. make discontented ϰ ϴ, Ҹ ǰ ϴ The passengers were disgruntled by the numerous delays. ° Ҹ á." aspersion,"߻ n. a < ad(=to) + spers(=strew) the act of sprinkle water ; slander / slanderous remark <>Ѹ ; ,߻ By casting aspersions on the ability and character of others, you reveal the misgivings you have about yourself. ; Do not cast aspersions on her character. ٸ ɷ° ΰ ٹ μ ڽſ ؼ ִ Ҿ 巯 ִ. ; ׳ ݿ . [+] animadversion, calumny, detraction, invective, libel, obloquy, slander, stricture" propagate,"1.( Ĺ) ĽŰ ĽŰ 2. ۶߸ ϴ v. multiply; spread ĽŰ; θ ۶߸ I am sure disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas. ׷ ̰ ȥ θ ٰ Ѵ. [+] generate, multiply, reproduce; circulate, diffuse, disperse, disseminate, distribute; [-] fail to multiply(Ŀ ϴ)" docile," ¼ ; ġ ٷ a. doc(=teach) + ile(=capable of) easily trained or controlled / obedient; easily managed ġ , / ٷ The young man who seemed so quiet and docile turned out to be very well-informed and to have strong opinions of his own. ; As docile as he seems today, that old lion was once a ferocious, snarling beast. ׷ ̴ û ſ ڽϰ ڱ Ȯ ظ 巯. ; ڴ Ѷ 糳 ̾. [+] amenable, tractable, pliant" congenial," ´ Ӽ ִ a. con(=with) + gen(=birth) having the same or a similar nature, common interests, etc. ; agreeable / pleasant; frindly; pleasing in nature or character; agreeable ,̰ ,´ ; / ; , ´ A good politician must be able to appear congenial even when he cannot do what people want him to do. ; My father loved to go out for a meal with congenial companions.; The Critstmas candleds congealed in the molds. Ǹ ġ ε ϴ ſ ־ Ѵ. ; ƹ ´ ģ ĻϷ ߴ. [+] agreeable; amicable, amical" solace," (consolation) n. comfort in trouble ; I hope you sill find solace in the thought that all of us share your loss. 츮 ΰ ظ ٴ θ ٶ. [+] consolation" document," / / ... ŷ ϴ v. provide written evidence ŷ ϴ, Ÿ ÷ϴ; She kept all the receipts from her business trip in order to document her expenses for the firm. ׳ ȸ縦 ŷ ÷ϱ ߿ ϰ ־." rationale,̷ ؼ ٺ gravity," ; ߴ; ߷ n. seriousness , / ߷; η We could tell we were in serious trouble from the gravity of her expression!. ׳ ǥ ؼ ׳డ ɰ ׿ 츮 ־. [+] sobriety, solemnity" antiquity,° ; dz elude,̴ ϴ ϴ prevail,"켼ϴ θ ϴ; ϴ еϴ v. pre(=before) + vail < val(=strength, worth) gain victory over ; be widespread, be generally seen, done, etc. ; be effective ; persuade / induce; triumph over; to continue in use or fashion; to succeed 켼ϴ, ̱ ; θ ޵Ǵ, ϴ ; ȿ ִ ; ϴ / θ , ϴ; ¸ϴ Although it is sometimes hard, we must have faith that in the long run justice and decency will prevail . ; He tried to prevail on her to type his essay for him.; Some of the traditional customs still prevail among members of the older generation. δ ư 츮 ᱹ ǿ 켼ϰ Ǹ ų Ѵ. ; ״ ׳࿡ ڱ Ÿ ġ Ϸ ֽ. [+] predominate, preponderate" emigrant,̹ n ̹ ֹ atone,"ϴ ϴ amend v. make amends for; pay for ϴ, He knew no way in which he could atone for his brutal crime. ״ ڽ ˸ ִ ߴ. [+] compensate" plausible,"1. ׷ 2. ׷ϰ ϴ a. plaus(=strike) + ible(=capable of) seeming to be right or reasonable ; clever at producing convincing arguments, etc / having a show of truth but open to doubt; specious; believable,but doubtful ׷,,ġ ´ ; ְ / ̰ ǽ ִ; His explanation that he is failing math because ""the teacher is down on me"" doesn't seem plausible . ; Even though your argument is plausible, I still would like to have more proof.; Even though it is a plausible explanation,I am not completely convinced. ڱ⸦ ̿ϱ п ڶ ִٴ ġ ´ ʴ. ; ׷ Ÿ Ѵ. [+] reasonable" benign," / ȭ ģ ںο ڻ a. gn < gen(=birth) kind, gentle ; mild ; not dangerous / kindly; favorable; not malignant <> ģ, ; <, dz> ȭ ; <, > / ȣ; Ǿ The red evening sky was a benign omen. ; The old man was well liked because of his benign attitude toward friend and stranger alike. ȭ ¡. ; ģ ϴ µ Ȱ Ե ģϿ ׸ ߴ. [+] clement, humane, merciful" platonic,"1. 2.() a. purely spiritual; theoretical; without sensual desire ; ̷; 屸 Accused of impropriety in his dealings with female students, the professor maintained he had only a platonic interest in the women involved. л ־ ʾҴٴ , ڱ л鿡 ɸ ־ ٰ̾ ߴ." queue,"1. (ʸ ٸ) 2. (ǻ) n. line (ʸ ٸ , ) they stood patiently in the queue outside the movie theatre. ׵ ۿ ְ ־." arcade,"̵(ġ ) n. a covered passageway, usually lined with shops ִ The arcade was popular with shoppers because it gave them protection from the summer sun and the winter rain. ִ ޺, ܿ£ κ մԵ ȣ ־ αⰡ ־." posture,"() ڼ ϴ  ϴ n. post(=to place) attitude / assume an affected pose; act artificially ڼ / ˳  / µ; ڼ ϰϴ Good posture is important to health. ; No matter how much Arnold boasted or postured, I could not believe he was as important as he pretended to be. ڼ ǰ ߿ϴ. ; Ƴ尡 ڶϰų ˳ µ װ üϴ ŭ ׸ ϴٰ . [-] behave naturally(ڿ ൿϴ)" largess," (Ƴ ִ) n. generous gift () Lady Bountiful distributed largess to the poor. ٿƼǮ ڵ鿡 ־." adjourn,... ϴ ̷ ȸϴ captivate,... Ȥϴ Ѵ imperial`," Ȳ Ȳ ; Ÿ ǹ; a. like an emperor; related to an empire / When hotel owner Leona Helmsley appeared in ads as Queen Leona standing guard over the Palac Hotel, her critics mocked her imperial fancies. ȣ Leona Helmsley Palaceȣ ⿡ ȣ Leona ⿬ 򰡵 ׳ տ . [+] regal, royal" narcissism,ڱ⵵ afford, ִ / ... ִ / ... ϴ ִ ϴ condone,"뼭ϴ ϴ v. con(=intensive, completely) + don(=give) overlook or forgive an offence; to overlook; to excuse ʱ׷ ִ,뼭ϴ / ʱ׷ ִ; I do not entirely condone his misconduct, but I can understand, to a degree, why he behaved as he did. ; We cannot condone your recent criminal cooperation with the gamblers.; The President and the Congress are in concurrence concerning this appointment. 뼭ִ ƴ װ ׷ ൿߴ Ѵ. ; 츮 ֱ ڲ۵ ˿ . [+] excuse, forgive, pardon" cynic,"üϴ n. one who is skeptical or distrustful of human motives 񲿴 , üϴ Cynical at all times, he was suspicious of all altruistic actions of others. 쿡 ü ״ ٸ Ÿ ൿ ǽ½ ߴ. [+] sardonic" champion,"(弭)... ȣϴ v. support militantly ȣϴ, ϴ Martin Luther King, Jr., won the Nobel Peace Prize because he championed the oppressed in their struggle for equality. ƾ ŷ 2 ؼ ο й޴ ڵ ȣ߱ 뺧ȭ ޾Ҵ. [+] advocate, backstop" ad-lib, ...ϴ abstruse," ɿ a. abs < ab(=intensive, away) + trus(=thrust) deep in meaning ; difficult to understand / obscure; profound; ɿ ; / ȣ; ɿ; ϱ He tried to conceal his lack of true scholarship and intellectual depth by making use of unnecessarily abstruse language. ; She read abstruse works in philosophy. ν ״ ٿ нİ ߷ ֽ. ; ׳ ɿ öм о. [+] esoteric profound, recondite, enigmatic" professional,a n alleviate,"ȭϴ 氨ϴ v. al < ad(=to, add) + lev(=light, lift) make pain or suffering less or easier to bear / relieve; to lessen to relieve <,ο>,ȭϴ The only truly effective way to alleviate the poverty of underdeveloped third-world nations is to help increase their capacity to produce wealth. ; This should alleviate the pain; if it does not, we shall have to use stronger drugs.; The nurse will give you something to alleviate the pain. 3 ִ ȿ Ѱ θ ϴ ׵ ɷ Ű ̴. ; ̰ ̴. ׷ ؾ ̴. [+] allay, appease, assuage, calm, pacify, soothe; [-] exacerbate(ȭŰ)" contempt," ġ n. scorn; disdain , I will not tolerate those who show contempt for the sincere efforts of this group. ¿ ϴ ̴. [+] disparagement" disservice,ģ ô pregnant,ӽ / 1. ǹ̽ 2. dz antipathy,"ݰ ġ; Ⱦϴ ̳ | sympathy : //ȣ/ n. anti(=against, opposite) + path(=feel) + y(=that which) strong and decided dislike / aversion; <<>>ݰ, / ; / ȸ You are in deep trouble if you combine a strong taste for high living with an equally strong antipathy for hard work. ; His extreme antipathy to dispute caused him to avoid argumentative discussions with his friends. Ȱ ؿ ϱ⸦ ϰ Ⱦϴ µ Բ ϸ ϴ. ; ״ ص Ⱦ߱ ģ Ͽ. [+] abhorrence, abomination, aversion, loathing, repugnance; [-] settled fondness( ȣ)" foster,"( ߴ) ϴ ϴ v. rear; encourage ⸣; ϴ According to the legend, Romulus and Remus were fostered by a she-wolf. ϸ ι ϴ뿡 淯. [+] cultivate, nourich, nurse, nurture" access,ϴ () nomadic," a. wandering ; Several nomadic tribes of lndians would hunt in this area each year. ε ε ų ϰ ߴ. [+] itinerant, peripatetic" concert, ȭ ġ; ܼƮ elusive," ϴ ش a. evasive; baffling; hard to grasp; tending to escape notice ȸϴ; ; ϱ His elusive dreams of wealth were costly to those of his friends who supported him financially.; She could only remember part of the elusive melody. ο ׸ ϴ ģ ޿ ִ ̾. [+] elusory; incomprehensible, intangible" vacuous," Ӹ ֺ ƹ͵ ʴ a. empty; inane ֺ; The vacuous remarks of the politician annoyed the audience, who had hoped to hear more than empty platitudes. ƹ͵ ̻ ⸦ ûߵ ġ аߴ. [+] vacant, void" allot,Ҵ/ϴ ϴ allocate archaic,"dz a. antiquated dz, ""Methinks,"" ""thee,"" and ""thou"" are archaic words which are no longer part of our normal vocabulary. ""Methinks"" ""thee"" ""thou"" ̻ ֿ Ե ʴ ̴. [+] antique" motif," Ư n. theme This simple motif runs throughout the entire score. ܼ ü ݿ 帥." enervate,"⸦ Ѵ ϰ ϴ a ڷ¾ a. prevailing among a specific group of people or in a specific area ̳ 鿡 , dz亴, dz伺 This disease is endemic in this part of the world; more than 80 percent of the population are at one time or another affected by it. 迡 Ѷ α 80 ̻ ־. [+] aboriginal, indigenous, native; [-] exotic(ܷ)" occult,"źο Ұ a. oc < ob(=intensive) + cul < cel(=hide) hidden ; secret ; mysterious ; supernatural ; magical ; ; ź ; ڿ ; / źο; Ұ; There is evidence which proves that many persons supposed to have occult powers have either been clever frauds or the victims of self-deception. ; The occult rites of the organization were revealed only to members. ɷ ٰ ⱺ̰ų ƴϸ ڱ⸸ ڵ̾ٴ ϴ Ű ִ. ; н ǽĵ ȸԸ Ǿ. [+] mystic, uncanny; [-] readily fathomable( ִ); [-] bare(ڿ ״)" artisan," ɰ n. a manually skilled worker õ 뵿, ð, / Artists and artisans alike are necessary to the development of a culture. ð ȭ ؼ ʿ ̴. [+] craftsman, mechanic" luminous," ذ ; Ѹ a. lumin(=light) + ous(=full, many) giving out light ; bright ; clear ; easily understood / shining; issuing light ; ; ; ˱⽬ / ; His luminous intelligence has helped to guide the nation during a time of confusion and darkness. ; The sun is a luminous body.; The dial on this alarm clock is luminous so that it can be seen in the dark. Ӱ ȥ ñ⿡ ̲ Ǿ Դ. ; ¾ ߱ü. [+] brilliant, effulgent, fulgent, lambent, lucent, radiant, refulgent" pivotal," ߿(crucial) a. central; critical ߿ De Klerk's decision to set Nelson Mandela free was pivotal : without Mandela's release, there was no possibility that the African National Congress would entertain thalks with the South African government. Ų Ŭũ ߿ߴ. ̴ ī ȸ ī ο ſ ȸ Ұϱ ̾. [+] cardinal, momentous" corporeal,"ü ü ִ substentive a. bodily; material ü; He was not a churchgoer; he was interested only in corporeal matters. ״ ȸ ƴϾ; ״ 鿡 ־. [+] carnal, fleshly, physical, somatic" estimable,() () ; ִ genocide, Ǵ deficit, (surplus) egoism,"̱ egoistic -tical ̱ n. excessive interest in one's self ڱ⺻; ̱ His egoism prevented him from seeing the needs of his colleagues. ״ ڽ ̱ 䱸 ߴ. [+] egotism" circumvent,"ȸϴ ϰ ȸϴ; ġ; ϴ v. vent(=come) prevent a plan from being carried out, frustrate / outwit; baffle ȹ ϴ, / ǥ , ġ, ȸϴ; Ű, They tried to circumvent the official red tape. ; In order to circumvent the enemy, we will make two preliminary attacks in other sections before starting our major campaign. ׵ Ǹ Ϸ ߴ . ; ⸸ϱ ؼ 츮 ֿ ϱ ٸ ̴. [+] baffle, balk, foil, frustrate, thwart" eccentric,"̻ / / ٸ ; ; ()ɷ N ¥ ; ̽ɿ; (õ) ̽ɱ a. odd; whimsical; irregular; strange odd / ¥(); () The comet passed close by the earth in its eccentric orbit.; Everyone who wears eccentric clothes is not necessarily a punk rocker. ұĢ ˵ . [+] curious, erratic, idiosyncratic, odd, peculiar" confederate,() () ; ; /ϴ deleterious,"طο a. harmful طο Workers in nuclear research must avoid the deleterious effects of radioactive substances. ϴ طο ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] detrimental, harmful, injurious, nocuous" indifferent," ƶ ʴ; ; a. unmoved; lacking concem / Because she felt no desire to marry, she was indifferent to his constant proposals. ׳ ȥϰ ʾұ Ӿ ûȥ ߴ. [+] aloof, apathetic, impassive, remote, uniterested" marginal,ڸ; Ѱ (Ư) () ´ abject," / õ () a. ab(=from) + ject(=throw) miserable ; contemptible ; mean / wretched; lacking pride; miserable wretched ,ҽ ; ߺ, ; õ / ó The East Bank, an area showing progress amidst the abject poverty of Palestinian refugee camps, was not fully under the control of the Jordanian government. ; On the streets of New York the homeless live in abject poverty, huddling in doorways to find shelter from the wind.; They were living in such abject poverty that they could not even afford the bare necessities. ȷŸ ӿ ְ ִ 丣 丣 Ͽ ʾҴ. ; 尡 ڵ ٶ dzó ã 빮 տ Ÿ ׷ Ȱ ϰ ִ. [+] miserable, wretch" gesticulate, ǻϴ ǻ ϴ adverse,"ݴ Ž ߳ Ҹ a. ad(=to) + vers(=turn) contrary in direction ; unfavorable ; opposing ; hostile Ųٷ ; Ҹ ; ݴ ; ִ / ҿ; The adverse publicity that he received during the investigation was pobably the cause of his defeat in the next election. ; Adverse circumstances compelled him to close his business. 絵 װ ޾Ҵ Ҹ Ƹ ſ װ ̾ ̴. ; ҿ ſ ״ ׸ξ ߴ. [+] disadvantageous, unpropitious; antagonistic, oppugnant" perennial,"ٳ/ ӵǴ / / ϴ(continual) n.a. per(=through, throughout) + enn < an (=year) perennial plant / continuing throughout the whole year ; lasting for a very long time ; living for more than two years ٳĹ / ʴ ; ӵǴ ; <Ĺ> ٳ Since we do not want to replace our plantings every year, we favor perennials over annuals. ; These plants are hardy perennials and will bloom for many years. ų ٲپ ɱ⸦ ġ ʾұ 츮 ϳ Ĺ ذ ٳ Ĺ ȣѴ. ; Ĺ Ѽ ٳ Ĺ̾ ǿ ̴. [-] fleeting( )" elusion, / ȸ / Ӽ ȸ ΰ ߻ extrovert," n. vert(=turn) person more interested in what goes on around him than in his own thoughts and feelings / person interested mostly in external objects and actions The extrovert made s good public relations officer. ; A good salesman is usually an extrovert, who likes to mingle with people. Ǹ 屳 Ǿ. ; Ǹ ǿ ︮⸦ ϴ ̴." suppress,ϴ ϴ(subdue quash) staunch,߰ ưư; ϰ Ȯε(steadfast) breach,"; () ı; bleach-ǥϴ n. breaking of contract or duty; fissure; gap ̳ ǹ ; ƴ / ı They found a breach in the enemy's fortifications and penetrated their lines. ׵ ãƳ  ħ . [+] contravention, infraction, infringement, transgression, trespass, violation; break, hiatus, interim, interruption, interval, fracture, rift, rupture, schism; [-] solder(ϴ)" classic,Ϸ ; ǥ underwrite,Ŀϴ ϴ 迡 ϴ; ϴ subsidize credulous, ϴ ϰ Ͼ ӾƳѾ mystic, ; ź ; ź indignant,ȭ а psyche,"ȥ n. human soul or spirit / mind ȥ, War damages the psyche as well as the body. ; It is difficult to delve into the psyche of a human being. ü ջŲ. ; ΰ ȥ Žϴ ƴ. [+] spirit" incorrigible," ¿ ڴ Ѹ a. in(=not) + cor < con(=together) + rig2. that cannt be corrected, improved, or reformed beacause firmly established as a bad habit / uncorrectable <<, >> , , / ĥ He has deceived me so many times that I am forced to the conclusion that he is simply an incorrigible liar. ; Because he was an incorrigible criminal, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. װ ӿ װ ̶ . ; ״ ڿ ޾Ҵ." civil,"ù ΰ a. having to do with citizens or the state; courteous andpolite ù; ǹٸ, Although Internal Revenue Service agents are civil servants, they are not always civil to suspected tax evades. ̱ ù Ż ڵ鿡Դ ģ Ǯ ʴ´. [+] courteous, genteel, polite" embody,üȭϴ / () ü(ü) ִ ( ) ü Ÿ +ethereal protagonist,ΰ ֿ â ethereal,"õ(heavenly) ⰰ a. light; heavenly; fine ; õ; Ƹٿ Visitors were impressed by her ethereal beauty, her delicate charm. 湮 ׳ ̿ ŷ¿ λ. [+] vaporous, celestial, empyreal" professed, ܾ縸 Ī comply, ϴ ³ϴ oblique,"񽺵 缱; ϰ a. slanting; deviating from the perpendicular or from a straight line 񽺵; 缱 The sergeant ordered the men to march ""Oblique right."" ? ϵ鿡 񽺵 ߴ." spawn,"ϴ 뷮 ϴ v. lay eggs ; ϴ Fish ladders had to be built in the dams to assist the salmon returning to spawn in their native streams. ׵ ¾ ǵƿ £  Ÿ ö ٸ ߴ." pathos," ̼ҽ n. tender sorrow; pity ּ; ھƳ The quiet tone of pathos that ran through the novel never degenerated into the maudlin or the overly sentimental. Ҽ ݿ 帣 ּ ̳ ģ ƼŻ ʾҴ." patrician," ; θ n. patri(=country,father) person of noble birth especially in ancient Rome / aristocratic / , Your self-assurance, you complete unpretentiousness, and your unfailing courtesy to persons of all social backgrounds are marks of the true patrician . ; We greatly admired her well-bred, patrician elegance. ڽŰ ְ, ϸ  ȸ Ե ٸ ൿϴ ¡ǥ̴. ; 츮 ׳ ٸ鼭 µ ũ źߴ. [+] ant. plebeian" maxim,"ݾ ¿ ݷ n. proverb; a truth pithily stated ݾ; ݾ Aesop's fables illustrate moral maxim. ̼ ȭ ݾ ִ. [+] adage" irrevocable," Ǻθ a. ir < in(=not) + re(=back) + voc(=call) final and unalterable ; that cannot be revoked ; öȸҼ / Ǻθ ; Our determination never to yield to force or the threat of force is firm and irrevocable ! ; let us not brood over past mistakes since they are irrevocable. ̳ 迡 ʰڴٴ 츮 Ȯϰ öȸ ̴. ; ߸ ĥ . [+] irreversible" proprietary, / Ư; ִ apt, ...ϴ ִ; ִ ѱ ִ apposite apropos disparate," ٸ a. basically different; unrelated ٺ ٸ; It is difficult, if not impossible, to organize these disparate elements into a coherent whole. Ұ ƴ ̷ Ҹ ϰ ִ ü ߴ ̴. [+] dissimilar, distinct, diverse; [-] homogeneous(, յ)" equitable," ġ a. equ(=equal, same) + it(=s.e.) + able(=capable of) fair,just ; reasonable / impartial ,, ; ġ ´ / ; Arriving at equitable arrangements in human affairs often requires sound judgment and specialized knowledge, as well as good intention. ; I am seeking an equitable solution to this dispute, one which will be fair and acceptable to both sides. ΰ ־ ó ϴ Ǵܷ° 䱸ȴ. ; £ ϰ ޾Ƶ ذå ã ִ. [+] dispassionate, unbiased, unprejudiced" comprehensive," ; ط ִ ذ a. thorough; inclusive This book provides a comprehensive review of verbal and math skills for the SAT. å SAT( з°) ɷ Ѵ. [+] inclusive, overall" double,ǹ abomination, ִ () crux,"ٽ / / ڰ / ߿ n. crucial point ޼; This is the crux of the entire problem. ̰ ü ٽ̴. [+] core, gist" coerce,"ϴ / ϴ ϴ v. force; repress; to compel by pressure or threat ϴ; ﴩ They forced him to obey, but only under great coercion.; The secretary's desk was cluttered up with papers and reference materials. ׵ ׿ ϵ ߴ. ׷ û ׸ ų ־. [+] compulsion, constraint, duress" presuppose,̸ ϴ / ... ϴ robust,"ǰ ưư a. vigorous; strong Ȱ; The candidate for the football team had a robust physique. ̽ ౸ ĺڴ ü . [+] stout, stulwart, sturdy" tactical, tactless û taciturn," ſ Ҷ a. habitually silent; talking little; unspoken; silent ; ſ New Englanders are reputedly taciturn people; He is a very taciturn person; he never speaks unnecessarily. ױ۷ ̶ ִ. [+] reserved, reticent" self-made,1. ڷ Խ⼼ 2. ڱⰡ channel, ; millennium,"õ Ⱓ õ; Ȳݽô n. thousand-year period; period of happiness and prosperity õ Ⱓ; ູ ñ I do not expect the millennium to come during my lifetime. ϻ ູ ñⰡ ̶ ʴ´." catholic,"縯ȸ / / ( ̰) ; a. hol(=whole) universal ; broad-minded ; including many or most things / broadly sympathetic; liberal , ; ; He was extremely catholic in his reading tastes. ; He was extremely catholic in his taste and read everything he could find in the library. ״ ⿡ ־ ſ ̴. ; ״ ̰ پؼ ã ִ å д´. [+] cosmic, cosmopolitan, universal" concurrent,"ÿ Ͼ a. happening at the same time ÿ ߻ϴ In America the colonists were resisting the demands of the mother country; at the concurrent moment in France, the middle class was sowing the seeds of rebellion. ̱ Ĺ ڵ 䱸 ź߰ ÿ ߷ ̰ ־. [+] contemporary, simultaneous, synchronous" discrete," ִ ҿӼ a. separate; unconnected и; ε The universe is composed of discrete bodies. ִ ҿ ü Ǿ ִ. [+] distinct, diverse; [-] continuous(ӵ)" transient,"Ͻ ϱ n.a. trans(=over) + i < it(=go) guest who is not a permanent resident in a hotel, boarding-house, etc. / lasting for a short time only ; ephemeral ; ?ⷥ,??ⷥ / fleeting; quickly passing away; staying for a short time Ͻ / Ͻ, ; , ; cf.transitory / Ͻ ӹ / ӵ ʴ; ; The Judaeo-Christian tradition teaches that material things are transient , while spiritual values are eternal. ; This hotel caters to a transient trade because it is near a busy highway. ⵶ ͵ Ͻ ġ ϴٰ ģ. ; ȣ ӵο ֱ ü Ѵ. [+] ephemeral, evanescent, momentary, temporal, transitory, unstable" aftermath, / acquiesce,"ϴ; v. ac < ad(=to, intensive) + qui(=quiet) + esc(=becoming) give consent silently / assent; agree passively ϴ, Although we really don't agree with mother's musical tastes, we decided to acquiesce to her appeal. ; Although she appeared to acquiesce to her employer's suggestions, I could tell she had reservations about the changes he wanted made. 츮 Ӵ ̿ Ӵ ȣҿ ߴ. ; ׳ ڱ ǻ ׳ ڱ ְ ߱ߴ ȭ µ ȴ. [+] accede, assent, consent" kinetic,"  ; Ȱ a. producing motion  Designers of the electric automobile find that their greatest obstacle lies in the development of light and efficient storage batteries, the source of the kinetic energy needed to propel the vehicle. ڵ ڵ ׵ ִ ִ ޺ ۵ ʿ  ٿ ȿ ߿ ȴ." enumerate,"ϴ / ... ϴ þ; ... Ȯϴ ... v. e < ex(=out) + numer(=number, count) count a list of articles naming them one by one / mention one by one , ϴ / He enjoys enumerating all the factors that enabled him to rise from poverty to great wealth, but he always omits just one-good luck. ; Huck hung his head in shame as Miss Watson enumerated his many flaws. ڰ ְ ߴ ε װ Ѱ ߸. ; ӽ ڱ ϳϳ ϴ ٶ β Ӹ . [+] numerate" disaffect,... Ҹ ǰ ϴ ... ȣǸ Ұ ϴ; ϴ disgruntle depose,"()ϴ () ϴ abdicate v. de(=from, away) + pos(=put) put someone out of a high office ; remove someone from a throne ; declare under oath / dethrone; remove from office ϴ ; Ű ; ϴ A group of youger people tried to get control of the political club, but they were unable to depose the shrewd old leader who had headed it for so many years. ; The army attempted to depose the king and set up a military government. ϴ ̵ ġü Ϸ ׵ ü ̲Դ ڸ о . ; Ű θ ߴ. [+] discrown, disthrone" preclude,"ܽŰ ϴ; ϴ θ v. pre(=before) + clud(=shut) prevent ; make impossible in advance / eliminate ,ϴ ; ̸ ϴ / Ұϰ ϴ; The fact that he was found guilty of a felony many years ago doesn't preclude his running for mayor. ; This contract does not preclude my being employed by others at the same time that I am working for you. װ ˸ ˷ٴ ⸶ . ; ϴ ÿ ٸ 鿡Ե Ǿ ִٴ ش. [+] deter, forestall, obviate, prevent" pliable,1. ֱ 2. abridge,"ϴ; ϴ ϴ; ϴ v. condense or shorten ϴ, ϰ ̴ Because the publishers felt the public wanted a shorter version of ""War and Peace,"" they proceeded to abridge the novel Ǿڵ "" ȭ"" ª ϴٰ Ҽ ߸ ߴ. [+] abbreviate, curtail, retrench" patent,"Ư / и(=obvious) a. open for the public to read; obvious Ǿ ִ; / Ư It was patent to everyone that the witness spoke the truth. ڰ Ѵٴ ߴ. [+] distinct, evident, manifest, palpable, unequivocal" lucid," / ; ; ; a. luc(=light) clear ; lucent / bright; easily understood ; ½̴, / ; And the scientific method of fearless thought, exhaustively lucid statement, and exhaustively criticized planning, which has given him these as yet uncontrollable powers, gives him also the hope of controlling these powers. ; His explanation was lucid and to the point. , и , ׸ ö ǵ ȹ ׿ ݱ ְ ִ. ; ߰ ߴ. [+] brilliant, effulgent, lambent, luminous, radiant, refulgent; pellucid, translucent, transparent, unambiguous; [-] murky(ο, âǽ); [-] vague()" willful,"ȹ a. intentional; headstrong ǵ, ȹ; Donald had planned to kill his wife for months; clearly, her death was a case of deliberate, willful murder, not a crime of passion committed by a hasty, willful youth unable to foresee the consequence of his deeds. ޵ ڱ Ƴ Ϸ ȹ߾. ׳ ڱ ̸ ϰ ˰ ƴ϶ ȹ ǵ ̴. [+] intractable, obstinate, pertinacious, perverse" coherent,ϰ ; increment," ̵ n. in(=in, on) + cre(=grow) profits ; increase ; amount of increases , ; ; / Not satisfied with the slow but sure imcrement of his savings in a bank account, he turned to speculation in oil lands. ; The new contract calls for a 10 percent increment in salary for each employee for the next two years. ϰ Ҿ ࿹ݿ ʰ ״ ⸦ ߴ. ; ࿡ ϸ ڵ 2 10 λ ޵ Ǿ ִ. [+] accretion, augmentation" modulate,ϴ ٲٴ; ϴ ٱ ϴ zealous, ϴ rarefied,"Ͽ a. made less dense of a gas The mountain climbers had difficulty breathing in the rarefied atmosphere. 갡 Ⱑ ȣ . [+] attenuated, tenuous" resurrection,Ȱ һ; insurrection- ݶ profess,ϴ; ϴ; Īϴ; ϴ chasm,"տ / ƴ տ; ; ȭ n. abyss; a deep crack in the earth ɿ They could not see the bottom of the chasm.; Tornadoes left several Midwestern towns in a state of chaos. ׵ ɿ ٴ ." disinterested," ô; û; 򹫻 a. dis(=not) + inter(=between) + est(=to be) not influenced by personal feelings or interests ; fair ; indifferent / unprejudiced ; ; / ɾ; Since Tom is both smart and disinterested , I think he is the perfect person to decide which of us is right in this long and bitter quarrel. ; The only disinterested person in the room was the judge. Tom ϰ £ 츮  ڶ Ѵ. ; 濡 ε ġġ ǻ̾. [+] dispassionate, impartial, neutral, unbiased" anarchy," n. an(=not, without) + arch(=govern, government) absence of government or control ; disorder ; confusion / absence of governing body; state of disorder <> ; ; ȥ / λ; There is a vast difference between democracy, under which everyone has duties as well as privileges, and anarchy under which no one has any fixed obligations. ; The assassination of the leaders led to a period of anarchy. ⺻ α ǹ ǿ ǹ ʴ ̿ ̰ ִ. ; ڵ ϻ · ߴ. [+] chaos, disorder; [-] order()" impunity," n. im < in(=not) + pun(=punish) exemption from punishment, penalty, or harm / freedom from punishment ó , Nature is kind to us in many way, but we must learn that we cannot violate nature's law with impunity . ; The bully mistreated everyone in the class with impunity for he felt that no one would dare retaliate. ڿ տ 츮 ģ ڿ Ģ ٴ 츮 ˾ƾ Ѵ. ; ҷ ƹ ڱ⿡ ߱ ó ʰ л . [+] exemption, immunity" commodious," а a. com < con(=with) + mod(=fit, manner, modern) having plenty of space for what is needed ; convenient ; handy / spacious and comfortable , ; ; / а ȶ I'm not so sure that I want to rent a bungalow so commodious that we'll have room for guests every weekend. ; After sleeping in small roadside cabins, they found their hotel suite commodious. ָ 츮 մԵ ŭ 氥θ Ȯ 𸣰ڴ. ; ׵ 氡 θ ڰ ׵ ȣڹ ˾Ҵ. [+] capacious, spacious; [-] cramped()" plunder,Żϴ Żϴ; flounder-հŸ objective," +subjective a. not influenced by emotions; fair / goal; aim / , ǥ Even though he was her son, she tried to be objective about his behavior. ; A degree in medicine was her ultimate objective. ״ ڱ Ƶ̾ ׳ ൿ Ƿ ֽ. ; о߿ ׳ ñ ǥ. [+] subjective, target" tacit," Ϲ Ͻϴ(implied) a. understood; not put into words ; Ϲ We have a tacit agreement based on only a handshake. Ǽ װͿ ϴ  ǹ̰ ִ. [+] alluded, implicit, intimated; silent, unexpressed, unuttered; [-] explicit()" karma, ο; innocuous,"ذ | nocuous = noc + uous طο ( noc / nox طο(harm) (night) ) a. in(=not) + noc(=harm) causing no harm / harmless , ̾ The tough leadership we need in these troubled times will not come from uncertain and innocuous personalities. ; Let him drink it; it is innocuous and will have no ill effect. ʿ ϴ ȮŰ ݿ ʴ´. ; ׿ װ ð ض. װ Ͽ ƹ ǿ⵵ ̴. [+] innoxious" verbose," 層 Ȳ a. wordy ; Ȳ This article is too verbose; we must edit it. ʹ Ȳϴ. ؾ߰ڴ. [+] garrulous, loquacious, prolix, talkative" throttle," / 񱸸 v. strangle , ĽŰ The criminal tried to throttle the old man with his bare hands. ڴ Ǽ ߴ. [+] suffocate" efface," ϴ eclipse Cf ) effaceable effacement v. ef < ex(=out) + fac(=face) ; rub or wipe out ; obliterate ; make indistinct / rub out ; ִ ; ҸŰ, ; Ⱥ̰ϴ If only I could efface the memory of the look of shock and disappointment on my mother's face! ; The coin had been handled so many times that its date had been effaced. Ӵ 󱼿 Ÿ ݰ Ǹ ǥ ִٸ ! ; Ǿ ¥ . [+] delete, erase, expunge, obliterate" brink,ڸ substantiate,"üȭ ϴ / 1. ... ϴ 2. ... üȭϴ v. verify; support ϴ, ϴ; ϴ I intend to substantiate my statement by producing witness. Ÿ ν Ϸ Ѵ. [+] authenticate, confirm!, corroborate, validate; (substance) ִ ϴ." lavish,"Ƴ / ... Ƴ ִ(ϴ); ... ϴ a. liberal; wasteful Ƴ; The actor's lavish gifts pleased her. ġ ׳ฦ ڰ ߴ. [+] exuberant, luxuriant, opulent, prodigal, profuse, profusive" steadfast,"(loyal faithful) Ȯε Һ a. loyal Ȯ, ε I am sure you will remain steadfast in your support of the cause.  Ȯ ̶ ȮѴ. [+] allegiant, resolute, unfalterng, unwavering" autonomous," ġ a. nom(=law) self-governing ; free; free independent <> ġ ; , A federal system makes provision for local government with considerable autonomous authority. ; This island is a colony; however, in most matters, it is autonomous and receives no orders from the mother country.; Miss White augments her income by typing theses and dissertations. ο ġ Ѵ. ; Ĺӿ ұϰ κ 쿡 ־ ġ ǽϰ κ  ɵ ʴ´. [+] independent" forthright,1. ϰ ʰ 2. ȹٷ | forth : / | back-and-forth : յڷ/ϴ prodigy,"õ / ̻ n. highly gifted child; marvel õ, ŵ, , Menuhin was a prodigy, performing wonders on his violin when he was barely eight years old. ޴ ܿ Ǿ ̾ ͵ ŵ̾. [+] miracle" generic,"Ϲ a. characteristic of a class or species  Ư¡; Ϲ; You have made the mistake of thinking that his behavior is generic; actually, very few of his group behave the way he does. ൿ Ϲ̶ ϴ ߸ ϰ ִ. ߿ װ ϴ ൿϴ . [+] common, general, universal" apropos,"ħ ñ ϰ apposite apt a. with reference to; properly , ˸;- 迡; ,ϰ I find your remarks apropos of the present situation timely and pertinent. ߾ Ȳ ñ ˸° ϴٴ ȴ." novel,ű ; ο / Ҽ patrimony," legacy; lethargy- n. inheritance from father As predicted by his critics, he spent his patrimony within two years of his father's death. 򰡵 ״ ģ ư 2 ̳ ȴ. [+] heritage, legacy" crescendo," () n. increase in the volume of sound in a musical passage The overture suddenly changed from a quiet pastoral theme to a crescendo featuring blaring trumpets and clashing cymbals. ڱ Ʈ ø ɹ ݷ Ҹ ũ ٲپ." convey,ϴ ϴ ϴ ˸ ()絵ϴ infinitesimal," Ѽ; ؼҷ a. very small ؼ In the twentieth century, physicists have made their greatest discoveries about the characteristics of infinitesimal objects like the atom and its parts. 20⿡ ڵ ڿ ҵ ̼ ü Ư Ͽ ū ߰ߵ ߴ." spectrum,"Ʈ / б n. colored band produced when beam of light passes through a prism Ʈ; б The visible portion of the spectrum includes red at one end and violet at the other. Ʈ ñ ̰ ٸ ̴." hapless," (unlucky) a. unfortunate ҿ This hapless creature had never known a moment's pleasure. ҿ ߴ. [+] miserable; [-] fortunate()" parody,"dz ù n.v. par < para(=beside) + od(=song) writing intended to amuse by imitating the style of writing used by someone else ; weak imitation / make a parody of / humorous imitation; travesty <dz,> ù, ; / 䳻, dz ù ϴ / 縦 θ 뷡 The aging actor, trying to play the part of a young man, seemed no more than a parody of the great performer whom my parents had admired so much. ; We enjoyed the clever parodies of popular songs which the chorus sang. Ϸ ־ ̸ Դ θԵ ״ ź ʴ ڿ 䳻 ۿ ʾҴ. ; 츮 â ܿ αִ 뷡 ġְ dzؼ θ . [+] burlesque, caricature" intractable,"ϰ / ٷ ô a. in(=not) + tract(=draw) unruly or stubborn ; not easily controlled or dealt with / refractory ʴ, ; ϱ ,ٷ / ; ٷ After repeated efforts to appeal to his ""better"" nature had proved completely fruitless, I decided that he was utterly intractable . ; The horse was intractable and refused to enter the starting gate. """" õ ȣϷ ݺ з Ǹ װ ٷٴ ȴ. ; а ʾƼ ߹  ʾҴ. [+] fractious, headstrong, obstinate, pertinacious, perverse, recalcitrant, stubborn, unmanageable" existential,"翡 a. pertaining to existence; pertaining to the philosophy of existentialism 翡 , To the existential philosopher, human reason is inadequate to explain an irrational, meaningless universe. öڵ鿡 ־ ΰ ̼ ո̰ ǹ ָ ϴµ δ. [+] existent, extant" halcyon,"ҽÿ(׸ȭ) / / dzο / ; ϴ ſ a. calm; peaceful , ȭ In those halcyon days, people were not worried about sneak attacks and bombings. ҽ ݰ ź Ͽ ʾҴ. [+] placid, tranquil; [-] miserable()" amorous,"ȣ 俰; ִ a. moved by sexual love; loving , Don Juan was knows for his amorous adventures. ఢ ߴ. [+] enamored, erotic" impede,"... ϴ ѹ v. hinder; block ϴ The special prosecutor determined that the Attorney General, though inept, had not intentionally set out to impede the progress of the investigation. Ư ˻,  ϱ ǵ ʾҴٰ . [+] hamper, obstruct; [-] assist(ϴ)" surmise," ϴ; remise- lazy demise- Ҹ 絵 n.v. sur(=over) + mis(=send) guess / conjecture; to guess , / ϴ,ϴ I offered that explanation as a mere surmise , but to my surprise, it was generally accepted as an established truth. ; I surmise that he will be late for this meeting.; Since she is not at home, I surmise that she is on her way here. ܼ ׷ ߴ° ׷ Ե װ Ȯ Ƿ ޾Ƶ鿩. ; װ ӿ ̶ Ѵ. [+] conjecture, suppose" affection, ; | affectation : / ~ü / disinformation,߸ fortuitous,"/쿬 a. accidental; by chance ; 쿬 There is no connection between these two events; their timing is entirely fortuitous. ̿ ƹ ü . ׵ Ÿ̹ 쿬 ̴. [+] casual, incidental" reminisce,ȸϴ perseverance,γ take up,ϴ /˱/ ġ/ ø/ ¿/ ȣϴ /üϴ beseech,ûϴ giveaway,巯/д tenuous,"/̾ a. thin; rare; slim ; ; Ȧ The allegiance of our allies is held by rather tenuous ties. 츮 ͵ 漺 ӵǾ ִ. [+] slender, attenuated; [-] substantial(Ǽִ)" sensory, ϴ influx," n. flowing into The influx of refugees into the country has taxed the relief agencies severely. Եʿ ҵ鿡 ū δ ־. [+] inflow" hegemony,"б ֵ n. dominance, especially of one nation over others Ը, ֵ, As one Eastern European nation after another declared its independence, commentators marveled at the sudden breakdown of the once monolithic Soviet hegemony. ʷ ؼ Ʈ ̴ ۽ ر ̷οߴ. [-] lack of authority( )" protract,"ϴ / ϴ ϴ д(prolong) v. prolong ϴ Do not protract this phone conversation as I Expect an important business call within the next few minutes. ̳ ߿ ȭ ȭ ȭ . [+] extend, elongate, lengthen, stretch" susceptible,"1. ޱ 2. ΰ susceptive susceptibility a. sus < sub(=under, intensive) + cept(=take) easily influenced by feelings ; impressionable ; sensitive ; easily influenced by ; allowing ; capable of / having little resistance, as to a disease ¿DZ ; ; ΰ ; DZ ; ϴ ; ... / ޱ Students who have been well trained in the social sciences should not be susceptible to the false propaganda and cheap fallacies of racism. ; He was a very susceptible young man, and so his parents worried that he might fall into bad company. ȸб л ¿ ʾƾ Ѵ. ; ״ û̾ θ װ ģ鿡 Ͽ. [+] liable, prone, sensitive" paradox," n. para(=beside, apart from) + dox(=opinion) statement that seems to say something opposite to common sense or the truth, but which may contain a truth / statement that looks false but is actually correct з, / At sometime in our lives, all of us discover the truth of the ancient paradox that by giving freely to others, we gain more for ourselves. ; Wordsworth's ""The child is father to the man"" is an example of paradox. 츮 λ dz ν 츮ڽ ȴٴ 츮 ΰ ˰ ȴ. ; '̴  ƹ.' ." nuance," ; ̹ n. shade of difference in meaning or color ǹ̳ ־ ̹ The unskilled eye of the layman has difficulty in discerning the nuances of color in the paintings. õ δ ȭ鿡 ̹ ̸ аس ƴ. [+] nicety, refinement, subtlety" superficial,"ǥ ܸ; ǻ ; a. super(=above, over) + fic(=make, do) of or on the surface only ; not thorough or propound / trivial; shallow ǥ,ܸ ; ǻ,̰ ,õ / ; / ; Do not be taken in by and superficial resemblances between their half-baked ideas and the sensible program we have proposed. ; Since your report gave only a superficial analysis of the problem, I cannot give you more than a passing grade. ׵ ҿ 츮 ִ ȹ ǻ ÿ. ; Ʈ ǻ ؼ ȱ հ ̻ . [+] cursory" caucus," ȸ ȸ ȸ n. private meeting of members of a party to select officers or determine ȸ At the opening of Congress, the members of the Demoncratic Party held a caucus to elect the Majority Leader of the House and the Party Whip. ȸ ȸ ִ ǿ Ͽټ ڿ ѹ ϱ ǿ ȸ ." belittle,"۰ ϴ ϴ ϴ v. cause to seem unimportant or of small value / disparage; depreciate , 򺸴 / ϴ; ϽŰ She tried to belittle her boss. ; Although I do not wish to belittle your contribution, I feel we must place it in its proper perspective. ׳ 躸 ֽ. ; ϰ װ ùٸ ƾ Ѵٰ Ѵ. [+] depreciate, derogate, detract, disparage" complement,"Ͽ ϴ ϴ ϴ n.v. com < con(=intensive) + ple(=fill) that which makes something complete ; words that complete a predicate / complete / that which completes <> ; / ϴ / 湰 / Ͽ ϰ ϴ The editorial argues that the crime-fighting situation cannot improve until the police department receives its full complement of personnel. ; A predicate complement completes the meaning of the subject. η ġ Ȳ ٰ 缳 Ѵ. ; ־ ǹ̸ ϰ Ѵ. [+] supplement" circumspect," Ǵ / / ֵ a. spect(=look) cautious ; well-considered / prudent; ; / DZ She was circumstances of his youth could not exonerate the foreign firms. ; Investigation before action, she tried always to be circumspect. ܱ ȸ ٷµ ־ ׳ ߴ . ; ൿϱ ̰ ˾ƺν ׳ Ϸ ֽ. [+] chary, considerate, discreet, wary" insufferable,ߵ apex," ְ antithesis - ݴ / thesis : -- n. thes(=to place) contrast ; direct opposite / direct opposite of or to ; ݴ He discussed the antithesis of love and hate. ; This tyranny was the antithesis of all that he had hoped for, and he fought it with all his strength. ״ ̾߱ߴ. ; ̷ ġ װ Ͽ ° 鿩 ο Ͱ ݴ뿴." liaison,"(connecion; association); n. li < lig(=bind) + ai(=s.e.) + son < sion(=act) connection, linkage between two separate groups ; illicit sexual relationship / officer who acts as go-between for two armies , ; , / 屳, ,; ⱸ Because the Pacific theater in World War II involved amphibious warfare, one of the great problems was to maintain effective liaisions among the land, sea, and air forces. ; As the liaison, he had to avoid offending the leaders of the two armies. 2 ,, յ ʿ߱ ߿  ϳ ,, ȿ ϴ ̾. ; 屳μ ״ ڸ ȭ ϴ ؾ ߴ." elegy,"ְ n. poem or song expressing lamentation ְ On the death of Edward King, Milton composed the elegy ""Lycidas."" ְ ""Lycidas"" ۰ߴ. [+] dirge,requiem, threnody" zeitgeist,ô ô entail,(ʿ μ)... Ű ϴ;... ʿ ϴ deity, Ű ż / the supreme deity : ְ subside,"1. () ɴ 2. ɴ Ǵ ħϴ v. settle down; descend; grow quiet ɴ, Ǵ The doctor assured us that the fever would eventually subside. ǻ ᱹ ̶ 츮 Ȯ ־. [+] abate, slacken, wane" melancholy, ħ ϰ overture, / ְ; û warrant,"... ȭϴ Ǵٰ ϴ(justify);... ִ;... ϴ(guarantee) n.v. justify; authorize; a written authoriz- ation ȭ ϴ, ϴ; ϴ / Before the judge issues the injunction, you must convince her this action is warranted.; The police have issued a warrant for his arrest. ǻ簡 ϱ ׳࿡ ȿ ־߸ Ѵ. [+] sanction, guarantee" archives,"() n. public records; place where public records are kept ; These documents should be part of the archives so that historians may be able to eval!uate them in the future. 簡 ̷ μ װ͵ ӿ Ʋ." materialistic,() () reciprocal,"ȣ(mutual) ȣ a. mutual; exchangeable; interacting ȣ? ȯ ִ; ȣۿϴ The two nations signed a reciprocal trade agreement. ȣ ߴ." concise," a. con(=intensive) + cis(=cut) brief ; giving much information in few words / brief and compact ; In spite of the vast number of details in the United States Constitution, the document is remarkably concise . ; The essay was concise and explicit. ͵ ̱ ָ ŭ ϴ . ; ̴ ϰ ߴ. [+] compendiary, compendious, laconic, pithy, succinct, terse" emulate,"쿭 ܷ 䳻 ϴ v. rival; imitate; to try to equal or excel ־; ϴ As long as our political leaders emulate the virtues of the great leaders of this country, we shall flourish.; Dennis felt that he had to emulate the success of his famous father. 츮 ġ ڵ Ǹ ڵ ޴ 츮 ̴. [+] compete, contend, vie" eclectic,"缱ϴ ϴ n cf) eclecticism a. ec < ex(=out) + lect(=choose) selecting from various systems, doctrines, or sources ; composed of material gathered from various sources, systems, etc. ; a person who uses eclectic methods in philosophy, science, or art / selective; composed of elements drawn from disparate sources ϴ ; ; N. , Eclectic school of art are typical of period when there is little original inspiration or bold experimenting. ; His style of interior decoration was eclectic: bits and pieces of furnishings from widely divergent periods, strikingly juxtaposed to create a unique decor. ־ Ĵ â ̳ ô ̴. ; dz Ÿ ٸ پ ͵ ϴ ̾. پ ñ ϳ ϴ ̴. [+] elective" harbinger," ; Ǵ n. forerunner , The crocus is an early harbinger of spring. ũĿ ˸ . [+] herald, precursor" atrophy,"Ű ; ȭ n.v. a < an(=not, without) + troph(=nourishment) wasting away of the body or of a moral quality / cause atrophy in or waste away <ü>,<> / Ű<ϴ> / , Ÿ Medical experts state that almost every case of muscle and tissue atrophy is the result of changes in cell nutrition, disease, or prolonged disuse. ; Polio victims need physiotherapy to prevent the atrophy of affected limbs. , Ȥ ʴµ ȭ ǻ Ѵ. ; ҾƸ ڵ ִ ʿ䰡 ִ. [+] decadence, declination, degeneracy, degeneration, deterioration" aloof,"ָ ʿ; ҽ ô a.e. cool / apart / reserved; reserved indifferent ô, ʿ / ָ / ; ħϴ He remained aloof from their quarrel. ; apathetic, impassive, indifferent; reserved, reticent, taciturn; Our neighbors are so aloof and unfriendly that they never speak to anyone ״ ׵ ο ʿ ڼ ߴ. ; ׳ õ β Ÿ ٸ ȭ ϴ ־." frugal,˾ ˼; ʴ wane,"ȭǴ / ۾ (Ƿ )ȭǴ / õ; ҵǴ ()̿ v. grow gradually smaller (); ۾ From now until December 21, the winter solstice, the hours of daylight will wane. ݺ 12 21ϱ ̴ ª ̴. [+] abate, subside; cf. wax ( )" rivet,1. ( ) ϴ(engross) 2. ܴ ϴ benediction,"ູ n. dict(=say) blessing, malediction ; mercy ູ ; õ, The priest offered the benediction . ; The appearance of the sun after the many rainy days was like a benediction. ȴ. ; ڿ ذ ̴ ູ Ҵ. [+] benison" temporal,"1. ð 2. ̽ 3. Ͻ a. not lasting forever; limited by time; secular Ͻ; ; / At one time in our history, temporal rulers assumed that they had been given their thrones by divine right. 츮 翡 ־ Ƿ Ҵ ġڵ űǿ ׵ ¸ ο ޾Ҵٰ ߴ. [+] ephemeral, evanescent, transient; mundane, worldly" brazen," / a. insolent , , Her brazen contempt for authority angered the officials. ׳డ ϰ ȭ . [+] audacious, contumelious, impertinent, impudent, saucy" annuity,"() n. yearly allowance The annuity he set up with the insurance company supplements his social security benefits so that he can live very comfortably without working. װ ȸ װ ޴ ־ ״ ʰ ִ." interminable," ӵǴ a. in(=not) + termin(=end) endless ; unable to be ended ; tedious because too long ; ; ϰ When we are having fun, time rushes by, but even five minutes in the dentist's waiting room may seem interminable . ; Although his speech lasted for only twenty minutes, it seemed interminable to his bored audience. ̰ ð ڳ ġ ǿ 5е ϰ ִ. ; 20 ̾ ûߵ鿡Դ . [+] ceaseless, continuous, everlasting, perpetual, unceasing" apocalypse, Ѱ÷ demise," defunct n.v. de(=away, intensive) + mis(=send) death ; passing away ; bequest / alienate ; dequeath ; ,,ؾ ; / 絵ϴ ; ϴ / Our history shows how the demise of one political party provides an opportunity for the formation of a new one. ; Upon the demise of the dictator, a bitter dispute about succession to power developed.  ο ȸ ִ 簡 ش. ; ڰ Ƿ °踦 Ż Ͼ. [+] defunction" appreciate," ü ; ()ϴ v. be thank for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of ; ü ; ϴ, ĺϴ / ϴ; ϴ; ϴ; ϴ,ϴ,ϴ; ,ü Little Orphan Annie truly appreciated the stacks daddy Warbucks gave her, wose value appreciated considerably over the years.  ִϴ ƺ Ͻ ڱ⿡ ֽ ߴµ װ ġ ö. [+] cherish, esteem; apprehend, cognize, comprehend, fathom" inimitable," a. in(=not) + imit(=mimic) + able(=capable of) that cannot be imitated or matched ; too good to be equaled or copied / matchless; not able imitated 䳻 , ; ϱ⿡ ʹ Ǹ / , Even before we saw Alice, we heard her inimitable high-pitched giggle, and we knew that she was at the party. ; We admire Auden for his inimitable use of language; he is one of a kind. Alice ⵵ 츮 ׳ 䳻 Ҹ ׳డ Ƽ ־. ; 츮 źѴ. ׷ ׵ 츮 ̴. [+] peerlee, unrivaled; [-] ordinary()" liable,å/ ~ϱ⽬ / å ̹ ƴ϶ ٷ artifice," ø; å å n. deception; trickery ; ⸸ The Trojan War proved to the Greeks that cunning and artifice were often more effective than military might. Ʈ Ȱ԰ 跫 º ȿ̶ ׸ε鿡 . [+] chicanery, deceit, device, feint, maneuver, ruse, skullduggery, stratagem, trickery" agnostic,"Ұ n.a. a < an(=not) + gno(=know) a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause, or anything beyond material phenomena / of an agnostic or agnosticism / one who is skeptical of the existence or knowability of a god Ұ / Ұ Rebelling against the religious training of his youth, he was for many years an agnostic until in his old age he found his way back to faith. ; The agnostic demanded proof before she would accept the statement of the minister. Ʒÿ ϸ鼭 ص Ұڷ ִٰ ᱹ ɿ žӿ ãҴ. ; Ұڴ ޾Ƶ̱⿡ ռ Ÿ 䱸ߴ. [+] atheist, skeptic" interim,"1. (meantime) 2. n. meantime ߰ñ; ƴ The company will not consider our proposal until next week; in the interim, let us proceed as we have in the past. ȸ ֳ Ǿ 츮 ̴. ׷ а ߴ . [+] breach, hiatus, interval" fiasco," n. total failure ū Our ambitious venture ended in a fiasco and we were forced to flee. 츮 ߽ɿ ڰ з ľ߸ ߴ. [+] defeat" attribute,"Ӽ / ~ Ű / ()... ִٰ ()... n.v. at < ad(=to) + tribut(=give) quality looked upon as naturally or necessarily belonging to someone or something ; symbol / consider one thing as belonging to or caused to by another / essential quality Ӽ,Ư ; ¡ / <>... ,<>... ſ ϴ,<>... ϰ ϴ You idolize that rock singing star to such a degree that you are endowing him with attributes that are utterly foreign to him. ; His out standing attribute was his kindness. α ܷ ʹ ؼ ׿ װ ִٰ Դϴ. ; پ ̾. [+] character, characteristic, feature, qualify, trait" delude,"̴ ̾ ...Ű; ӿ ϰ v. de(=from) + lud/lus(=play, laugh) deceive ; mislead ̴ ; ȤŰ If you think that you can get away with selling second rate and overpriced vacuum cleaners to the people of this town, you are deluding only yourself. ; Do not delude yourself into believing that he will relent. 鿡 ⸦ ٽΰ Ȱ ִٰ Ѵٸ ڽ ̰ Դϴ . ; װ ׷ ̶ ϵ ڽ . [+] beguile, deceive" concentric,"( ) ߽ a. having a common center ߽ The target was made of concentric circles. ǥ ߽ ̷ ִ." querulous," ϴ Ÿ; a. fretful; whining ߳; Ÿ His classmates were repelled by his querulous and complaining statements. ̵ Ṵ̋ ϴ ׷κ ־. [+] irascible, irritable, fractious, peevish, petulant" apogee,"( ΰ ˵󿡼 ־ ġ)ְ n. ge < geo(=earth) the point in the orbit of a heavenly body farthest form the earth ; the highest point of power or success ; / ְ, , Ronald Reagan reached an apogee oh his political career when he was inaugurated as the president of the united states. ; When the moon in its orbit is furthest away from the earth, it is at its apogee. Ronald Reagan װ ̱ ġ ö. ; ˵ ָ ִ ȴ. [+] acme, apex, climax, culmination, peak, pinnacle, summit, zenith" gregarious,"ϴ ; 米; a. greg(=flock, mob) + ari(=s.e.) + ous(=full, many) living in groups or societies ; liking the company of others / sociable ϴ, ; 米 / , If, as sociologists tell us, human beings are naturally gregarious , why am I sitting here all by myself on this beautiful spring evening? ; She was not gregarious and preferred to be alone most of the time. ȸڵ ΰ ̶ Ƹٿ ȥ ɾ ? ; ׳ 米 ʾƼ κ ð ȥڼ ⸦ ߴ. [+] social" behest, divine,ż / / ġ ϴ incantation," ݺϴ (ΰ)(chant); ֹ; ֹ / incant : ֹ ܴ n. singing or chanting of magic spells; magical formula ֹ ; Uttering incantations to make the brew more potent, the witch doctor stirred the liquid in the caldron. ְ ֹ ܸ鼭 ּ ū ܿ ִ ." scorn, ü(contempt) mentor,"ϰ (teacher tutor) n. teacher Ǹ During this very trying period, she could not have had a better mentor, for the teacher was sympathetic and understanding. ñ ׳ ̸ ̴. ֳϸ ؽ ̴. [+] instructor, tutor" parallel, ; fetish,"( ) ̽ ; Ƽ n. object supposed to possess magical powers; an object of special devot ŷ ִٰ ϴ , ֹ(ڪ) The native wore a fetish around his neck to ward off evil spirits. ֹε Ƿ Ƴ Ͽ Ƿ Ƴ ɾ." sweeping,1. 뷫 2. ö asylum,"()ȣ ; ȣ n. place of refuge or shelter; protection ȣ, The refugees sought asylum from religious persecution in a new land. ڴ ο طκ dzó ߴ. [+] refuge" impasse," n. im < in(=not) + pas (=stride, step) blind alley ; place or position from which there is no way out ; deadlock / predicament from which there is no escape ٸ ; ٸ ; , For a long time we lived in the illusion that ""everything would come out all right"", but inevitably we arrived at the impasse where we had to face realities and make painful decisions. ; In this impasse, all turned to prayer as their last hope. 츮 "" Ǿ"" ȯ󿡼 츮 ǿ ؼ ٸ ̸. ; ׵ ν ⵵ Ŵ޷ȴ. [+] cul-de-sac, dilemma" toxic," a. poisonous We must seek an antidote for whatever toxic substance he has eaten. װ Դ ̵ 츮 ص ãƾ߸ Ѵ. [+] virulent; n. toxicity" bureaucracy,"ġ( ) n. government by bureaus ġ Many people fear that the constant introduction of federal agencies will create a government by bureaucracy. ν ΰ ߱ɱ Ѵ." appease,"Ű ޷ ȭϴ; Ǯ 纸ϴ v. ap < ad(=to) + peas < pac(=peace) quiet an angry person, etc. ; satisfy in appetite ; yield to the demands of someone / pacify; soothe ޷,Ű ; <Ŀ>Ű ; ȭϴ,纸ϴ / In ancient times, people sacrified animals , and even human beings, to appease the gods. ; We have discovered that, when we try to appease our enemies, we encourage them to make additional demands. ŵ ޷ ƴ. ; 츮 ߷ װ ׵ Ͽ ٸ 䱸 ϰ ٴ ˾Ҵ. [+] assuage, conciliate, mollify, pacify, palliate, placate, propitiate" fatalist,а indict,"... ϴ ϴ impeach v. charge ϴ; ϴ If the grand jury indicts the suspect, he will go to trial. ڸ ϸ ״ ް ̴. [+] arraign, criminate, incriminate, impeach" catharsis,"ȭ īŸý n. hars(=pure) outlet for strong emotion ; emptying of the bowels / purging or cleansing of any passage of the body īŸý ; 躯 / ȭ Aristotle maintained that tragedy created a catharsis by purging the soul of base concepts. ; Aristotle maintained that tragedy created a catharsis by purging the soul of base concepts. Ƹڷ ľν īŸý Ųٰ ߴ. ; Ƹڷ ⺻ μ ȥ ȭν īŸý ´ٰ ߴ. [+] purification, purgation" equivocal,"ΰ ؼǴ / Ǽ / ȣ ǽɽ и a. doubtful; ambiguous; ambiguous evasive ǽɽ; ָ Macbeth was misled by the equivocal statements of the witches.; His speeches are so equivocal that no one is sure of what he really means. ƺ ȣ ȤǾ. [+] obscure, unexplicit, unintelligible, vague" distinguish,ϴ кϴ; ϴ extol,"Īϴ ϴ v. ex(=out, up) + tol(=raise, support) praise highly / glorify; to praise highly ر Īϴ, ϴ Extolling the people who have done so much to help humanity is fine, but it is no substitute for trying to make contribution of your own. ; The astronauts were extolled as the pioneers of the Space Age.; This article extols the application of linguistics to language teaching. η ؼ ׷ ϴ ̳ ̰ Ϸ ϴ Ͽ ġ Ѵ. ; ô ôڷμ ä ޴´. [+] eulogize, laud, panegyrize" gratis," ¥; gratuitous a. free ¥, The company offered to give one package gratis to every purchaser of one of their products. ȸ ׵ ǰ ߿ ϳ ¥ ְڴٰ ߴ. [+] chargeless, gratuitous" bedlam, Ҷ fruitful, (dz) ⸧ absolute," ü a. complete, totally unlimited; certain , Ȯ / ; ; Although the King of Siam was an absolute monarch, he did not want to behead his unfaithful wife without absolute evidence of her infidelity. þϿ ֿ ڱ Ƴ Ȯ ʾҴ. [+] arbitrary, autocratic, despotic, monocratic, tyrannical; inargurable, indisputable" nemesis," ִ õ n. revenging agent Captain Bligh vowed to be Christian's nemesis. ⵶ ߴ." junction, ; ü յ; շ impenetrable,"1. 2. a. not able to be pierced or entered; beyond understanding հ ; How could the murderer have gotten into ht locked room? To Watson, the mystery, like the room, was impenetrable.  ڰ  ־? ̽׸ ذ ʾҴ. [+] impassable, impermeable, impervable, impervious, incognizable, incomprehensible, uncomprehensible, unintelligible" harass," / () Ӿ ... ô޸ ϴ v. to annoy by repeated attacks ̴ָ, When he could not pay his bills as quickly as he had promised, he was harassed by his creditors. ״ ʾƼ äڵκ ô޸ ߴ. [+] badger, harry, heckle,tease" lobby,κ / κϴ / (Ǿ)  ϴ; ... ̸ ϴ;(ǿ) ϴ venerate,"ϴ ϴ v. revere ϴ, ϴ In China, the people venerate their ancestors. ߱ ε ׵ Ѵ. [+] adore, worship; venus ... venerate ϴ->ϴ, ϴ" stoic,"; ݿ/ر n. person who is indifferent to pleasure or pain ݿ The doctor called her patient a stoic because he had borne the pain of the examination without whimpering. ǻ ڱ ȯڰ ʰ ± ׸ رڶ ҷ. [+] epicurean" oligarchy,"ġ Ҽ ġ n. government by a few ġ The feudal oligarchy was supplanted by an autocracy. ġ ġ üǾ." serene, shrewd," Ȱ(shy) a. clever; astute; able in practical affairs; clever , ƴ A shrewd investor, he took clever advantage of the fluctuations of the stock market.; Although he has had no formal education, he is one of the shrewdest businessmen in the company. Ʈڰ ״ ĵ ̿Ͽ. [+] perspicacious, sagacious" insatiable," 𸣴 Ž彺 a. in(=not) + sat(=enough) that cannot be satisfied ; very greedy / not easily satisfied; 𸣴 ; Ž彺 / 𸣴; ɸ His figure bears witness to his insatiable appetite fo rhot fudge sundaes. ; His thirst for knowledge was insatiable; he was always in the library. ä ̽ũ̿ û Ŀ ش. ; Ŀ Ǿ ʾҴ. ״ ־. [+] avid, greedy, voracious" agenda,"Ȱ ǻ n. items of business at a meeting ǻ, ǻ; ; Ȱ, We had so much difficulty agreeing upon an agenda that there was very little time for the meeting. 츮 ǻ ϱⰡ ſ ȸ ð ߴ. [+] timetable" enfranchise,"ű ִ; ÿ ġ ִ; عϴ ment α ο v. to admit to the rights of citizenship(especially the right to vote) ű ִ Although Blacks were enfranchised shortly after the Civil War, women did not receive the right to vote until 1920. Ŀ οԵ ٷ ű ֿ 1920 Ǿ ǥ Ǹ ο޾Ҵ. [+] franchise" query, ǹ abhor,"ϴ / Ⱦϴ v. ab(=away, from, intensive) + hor(=shudder) hate something very much / detest; to hate to detest ... Ⱦϴ / ϴ I wouldn't say that I abhor housework, but I must admit that I avoid it whenever I can. ; She abhorred all forms of bigotry.; She abhorred all forms of discrimination on the basis of race or sex. ȾѴٴ ƴ ̸ Ѵٴ ؾ߰ڽϴ. ; ׳ ̾. [+] abominate, execrate, loathe; [-] greatly admire( ϴ)" loath,"Ⱦϴ Ģ(reluctant) a. averse; reluctant ȾϿ; ϴ They were both loath for him to go. ׵ װ Ⱦߴ. [+] abhorrent, execrable, loathsome, odious" static," a. unchanging; lacking development; not moving Nothing had changed at home; things were static there.; This part may move, but that one must remain in order for the machine to run smoothly. ִ ƹ ͵ ʾҴ. ״ο. [+] immobile, stagnant, stationary" proletariat, domestic, ; ڱ; ; 鿩 categorical," ܾ; ֿ ϴ з a. without exceptions; unqualified; adsolute , Though the captain claimed he was never, never sick at sea, he finally qualified his categorical denial: he was ""hardly ever"" sick at sea. ߿ ٰ ״ ħ ȭϰ ߿ ٰ ߴ. [+] ant. conditional, optional" debase,"(ǰ ġ)߸; õϰ ϴ v. de(=down, intensive) + bas(=bottom, lower) make lower or poorer in value, quality, character, etc. / reduce to lower state <ġ,ǰ,ΰ >߸,ϽŰ / ǰ ߸ By concentrating on persoanl gain, he has debased both himself and the high office to which he was elected. ; Do not debase yourself by becoming maudlin. Ϳ ġؼ ״ ڽŰ װ 缱 ǰ ߷ȴ . ;  ڽ ǰ ߸ . [+] abase, degrade, demean, humble, humiliate, lower" blasphemy,ż Ұ languish," ; ϴ; οϴ; Ȱ ϴ v. lose animation; lose strength ; ; ϴ; ׸ϴ In stories, lovelorn damsels used to languish and pine away. Ҽ ο ó Ͽ ô ߴ. [+] flag" rebut,ϴ ϴ zenith," n. point directly overhead in the sky; summit ϴ ; õ; When the sun was at its zenith, the glare was not as strong as at sunrise and sunset. ¾ õ ϸ ŭ ʾҴ. [+] acme, apex, apogee, culmination, pinnacle; [-] lowest point( ); [-] nadir(ٴ)" aptitude," ; n. apt(=fit) natural or acquired talent / fitness; , / Edison had a remarkable aptitude for inventing new things. ; The counselor gave him an aptitude test before advising him about the career he should follow. Edison ο ߸ϴ . ; ڴ ׿ װ ϱ ˻縦 ߴ. [+] ability, caliber" acrid,"ſ Ŷ Ȥ a. sharp: bitterly pungent; sharp bitter : ڱ,ſ The acrid odor of burnt gunpowder filled the room after the pistol had been fired.; This cigarette has an acrid taste; I guess I have been smoking too much today. ߻ Ÿ ȭ ڱ 濡 ߴ. [+] piquant, poignant" delve,"Žϴ İ v. dig; investigate Žϴ, ϴ Delving into old books and manuscripts is part of a researcher's job. ʻ纻 ڵ ϴ Ϻκ̴. [+] explore, inquire, investigate, probe" epilogue,"() ʷα n. log(=speech) peroration, prologue ; last part of a literary work / short speech at conclusion of dramatic work δ ; ߹ / / δ ; 󸷻 No epilogue for your play needs no excuse. ; The audience was so disappointed in the play that many did not remain to hear the epilogue. ʿ ʾƼ 󸷻 ϴ. ; ûߵ ؿ ʹ Ǹ θ ʾҴ. [+] apologue" adroit," ؾִ; a. clever, skillful, ingenious or resourceful when dealing with problems; clever skillful , ؾ, ɼ The adroit artist finished the portrait quickly. ; His adroit handling of the delicate situation pleased his employers.; Under the adroit direction of coach Lewis, the team finished the season with twelve wins and no losses. ȭ ʻȭ ϼߴ. ; ̹ Ȳ ɼ ó ֵ ڰ ߴ. [+] adept, ambidextrous, deft, dexterous, skillful" saccharine," a. cloyingly sweet ܸ She tried to ingratiate herself, speaking sweetly and smiling a saccharine smile. ׳ ̷ο ̼Ҹ ε巴 ̾߱⸦ ϸ鼭 ȯ ֽ." fragmentary,̿ configuration,( κ) ġ 迭 ġ canvass,"ڼ ϴ öϰ ϴ v. determine votes, etc. ϴ; Źϰ ٴϴ; ϴ After canvassing the sentiments of his constituents, the congressman was confident that he represented the majority opinion of his district. Ͽǿ ڱ ε ǰ Ŀ ڽ ű ټ ǰ ǥѴٰ ȮϿ. [+] inspect, scrutinize, survey" repugnant, ; 縳 effuse,߻()ϴ culminate, ̸ ڿ ̸ ϴ stagnation,ħü Ұ cache,"δ n. hiding place The detectives followed the suspect until he led them to the cache where he had stored his loot. ڰ 幰 ܵ ڱ ׸ ѾҴ." disarray,"ȥ ġ n. a disorderly or untidy state ȥ After the New Year's party, the once orderly house was in total disarray. ?Ƽ Ŀ Ǿ Ǿ ȴ. [+] chaos, confsion, disorder, muddle" placebo,"() n. harmless substance prescribed as a dummy pill ( ; ȿ ִ ¥) In a controlled experiment, fifity volunteers were given erythromycin tablets; the control group received only placebos. Ͽ 50 ڴ Ʈθ̽ ˾ ޾Ҵ. ޾Ҵ." nebulous," 帰 ; ָ a. cloudy; hazy ; ȣ She had only a nebulous memory of her grandmother's face. ׳ ҸӴ 󱼿 иġ ۿ . [+] indistinct, vague" adamant,"ܴ ߰ a. hard: inflexible ܴ: 뼺 He was adamant in his determination to punish the wrongdoer. ״ ڸ óϱ ȣߴ. [+] inexorable, obdurate, rigid, uncompromising, unyielding" synthesis," ; ռ n. thes(=to place) a combination of parts to form a whole / combining parts into a whole , ռ This bill is a synthesis of the work of several senators. ; Now that we have succeeded in isolating this drug, our next problem is to plan its synthesis in the laboratory. ǿ ̴. ; иس ǿ ռϴ ȹ ̴." cavalier,Ÿ ǹ; ; ź (knight) junta,"(Ÿ ϴ) n. group of men joined in political intrigue; cabal ġ ü; ,а As soon as he learned of its existence, the dictator ordered the execution of all of the members of the junta. 縦 ڸ ڴ θ ó ų ߴ." dilemma,"糭 n. lemma(=proposition) a situation while poses two or more difficult choices / problem; choice of two unsatisfactory alternatives 糭 / ; She was in a dilemma as to whether to marry Poul, who was poor, or Charles, who was ugly. ; In this dilemma, he knew no one to whom he could turn for advice. ׳డ Paul ȥ ƴϸ Charles ȥ ؼ 糭 . ; ־ ׿Դ Ҹ ƹ . [+] bewilderment, perplexity, predicament" emulator, dotage," (senility) n. senility ; In his dotage, the old man bored us with long tales of events in his childhood. ڽ  ̾߱⸦ ؼ 츮 ϰ ߴ. [+] (ant.) adolescence, youth" chameleon," ٶⰡ ִ n. lizard that changes color in different situations ٲٴ Like the chameleon, he assumed the political thinking of every group he met. ī᷹ó ״ װ ׷ ." abound, ִ ... dzϴ mercurial,"Ȱ ; Ȱ; a. fickle; changing ; ϴ He was of a mercurial temperament and therefore unpredictable. ״ ־ . [+] capricious, fickle, inconstant, unstable; [-] constant(߽, )" enmity," ӽ animity n. en(=not) + m < em < am(=love) condition of being an enemy ; hatred ; particular feeling of hostility or hatred / ill will; ; ; [ַpl] / ӽ Let me state my unchanging enmity for trappers who capture animals with the cruel leg-hold trap. ; At Camp Dabid President Carter labored to bring an end to the enmity that prevented egypt and Israel from libing in peace. ϰԵ ٸ ð̷ ϴ ɲ۵鿡 Ծ и صӴϴ. ; ķ ̺忡 ī Ʈ ̽󿤰 ȭ ϴ Ǹ ĽŰ ߴ. [+] animosity, animus. antagonism, antipathy, hostility, rancor" qualitative, / pandemic,"( ) ϴ n.a. dem(=people) disease preval!ent over the whole of a country or continent / preval!ent over the whole of a country or continent / widespread; affecting the majority of people ϴ / ϴ / θ , Millions died in the Spanish influenza pandemic . ; They feared the AIDS epidemic would soon reac pandemic proportions. ο 鸸 ׾. ; ׵  ϴ ϴ ɱ η. [+] prevailing, preval!ent, rampant" loquacious," ò ʹ ó Ҹ a. loqu(=say) + aci(=s.e.) + ous(=many, full) talkative,fond of talking ,ٽ There is an old folk tradition that women are more loquacious than men, but all the men I know do their full share of talking. ; She is very loquacious and can speak on the telephone for hours. ڰ ں ٴ ˰ ִ ڵ ڱ Ѵ. ; ׳ ʹ ٽ ȭε ð ִ. [+] garrulous, verbose; [-] taciturn()" abortive,"; a. ab(=from) + ort < ori(=arise) born before grown enough to live ; unsuccessful / fruitless , ; / ; The South African Black Taxi Association has increased its membership five fold since 1983 and last year made an abortive 75 million dollars bid to take over the country's largest white-owned bus company. ; We had to abandon our abortive attempts. ưȭ ýȸ 1983 ȸ 5 ÷ ۳⿡ 󿡼 ū μ ȸ縦 7õ 5鸸ҿ μϷ з . ; 츮 õ ؾ ߴ. [+] futile, ineffective, ineffectual, unproductive, vain" acute,"īο ΰ a. quickly perceptive; keen; brief and severe , ذ ;īο;޼; ޼ The acute young doctor realized immediately that the gradual deterioration of her patient's once-acute hearing was due to a chronic illness, not an acute one. پ ǻ ڱ ȯ ߴ û ȭǴ ޼ ƴ϶ ̶ ޾Ҵ. [+] sensitive, penetrating, sharp" exhaustive,θ ϴ ö Ҹ Ű salient,"ε巯 ; ռ n.a. sal(=leap, salt) + i(=s.e.) + ent(=having the quality of) salient angle ; forward wedge driven into the enemy's battle front / outstanding, prominent, easily noticed ; pointing outwards ö ; <<, ױ>> / , ε巯 ; , The long Allied struggle to push back the salient that the Nazis had created in Belgium in 1944 is popularly known as ""The Battle of the Bulge."" ; One of the salient features of that newspaper is its excellent editorial page. 1944 ġ ⿡ θ Ϸ ձ ο Ϲ ""The Battle of the Bulge"" ˷ ִ. ; Ź ε巯 Ư¡ ϳ 缳 پٴ ̴. [+] conspicuous, noticeable, outstanding, remarkable; 츮 §(saline) ε巯(salient) Ҵ." illicit,"ҹ ҷ a. il < in(=not) + lic(=permit) unlawful ; forbidden / illegal ҹ ; / , ҹ His scheme to make money by preparing term papers for other students is completely illicit . ; The defense attorney claimed that the police had entrapped his client; that is, they had elicited the illicit action of which they now accused him. ٸ л ⸻ Ʈ غؼ ڴٴ ȹ ҹ̴ . ; ǰ ȣ ǰ ߷ȴٰ ߴ. , ׸ ҹ ൿ ϵ ߴٴ ̴. [+] criminal, interminable" immutable,"Һ ʴ a. im < in(=not) + mut(=change) that cannot be changed / unchangeable , Һ The institution of our society, far from being immutable , are in the process of change at this very moment. ; Scientists are constantly seeking to discover the immutable laws of nature. 츮 ȸ Һ ƴ϶ ȭǰ ִ. ; ڵ Һ ڿ Ģ ߰Ϸ ϰ ִ. [+] constant, immovable, inalterable, inflexible, unmodifiable" seamless, cf)seam 1. ֱ ڸ 2. ƴ 3. ռ discrepancy," ġ n. dis(=apart) + crep(=rattle) difference ; absence of agreement / lack of consistency; ,̾߱Ⱑ , ; ġ With all the deductions,there is a discrepancy of 40 dollars between my official salary and my weekly paycheck. ; The police noticed som discrepancies in his description of the crime and did not believe him. ϸ ޷ ֱ ɾ ̿ 40޷ . ; װ 㸦 ϴ   ˾ë ׸ ʾҴ. [+] alterity, dissemblance, dissimilarity, dissimilitued, distinction, divergence" cherub,ڰ ; õ banal," a. ban(=prohibition, control) + al(=nature of) commonplace ; trite / hackneyed; ; / ٹ In this moment of grief, the conventional expression!s of sympathy which I had considered so banal were surprisingly comforting. ; His frequent use of cliches made his essay seem banal. ϴٰ ߴ ǿ ǥ Ǿ. ; ̴ ϰ δ. [+] platitudinous; [-] arresting(ָ )" antithesis,"ݴ / thesis : -- n. thes(=to place) contrast ; direct opposite / direct opposite of or to ; ݴ He discussed the antithesis of love and hate. ; This tyranny was the antithesis of all that he had hoped for, and he fought it with all his strength. ״ ̾߱ߴ. ; ̷ ġ װ Ͽ ° 鿩 ο Ͱ ݴ뿴." diminution," diminish n. lessening; reduction in size ; The blockaders hoped to achieve victory as soon as the diminution of the enemy's supplies became serious. ڵ ڰ ɰϰ پ ¸ϸ ߴ. [+] decrease" nostalgia,"; (homesickness) n. homesickness; longing for the past ; ſ The first settlers found so much work to do that they had little time for nostalgia. ʱ ڵ ʹ ð ." egalitarian, N indulgent,"ڴ ϰ ϴ v. in(=in, into) + duc(=lead) persuade ; bring about ; draw a general conclusion or principle from particular facts; to lead or move by influence or persuasion Ͽ ...ϰϴ ; ߱ϴ, ϴ ; ͳϴ / ~ϰ ϴ / ()ϴ; (߱)ϴ As we moved up the mountain, I had a feeling of dizziness and fatigue induced by the thin air. ; They tried to induce labor because the baby was overdue.; Television commercials induce people to buy new products. 츮 ö ⿡ Ƿΰ . ; ׵ и и Ű ߴ. [+] activate, actuate, impel, motivate" trauma,1. ()ܻ 2. ܻ ó ũ faux, ׸ defunct,"1. ̵(deceased); 2. demise a. de(=off, from) + funct(=perform) dead ; extinct / no longer in use or existence <> ; < >Ҹ / Ҹ Although many of the formalities of etiquette of earlier days are now generally disregarded, the basic principles of courtesy are never defunct . ; The lawyers sought to examine the books of the defunct corporation. ; The lawyers sought ot examine the books of the defunct corporation. Ϲ õ ⺻ Ҹ ʾҴ. ; ȣ å Ϸ ߴ. ; ȣ å Ϸ ߴ. [+] deceased, extinct, vanished, deceased, extinct, vanished" gratuitous," ; ʿ a. grat(=thank, pleasing) + uit(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) given, obtained, or done without payment ; done, or given without good reason ; uncalled / given freely; unwarranted , ; ; ʿ / ¥ Since you've never seen me play tennis, your assumption that you can beat me is quite gratuitous . ; I resent your gratuitous remarks because no one asked for them. ״Ͻ ϴ ϱ ̱⸮ ٰŰ . ; ߾ ƹ ʾұ ߾ ȭ . [+] changeless, gratis; [-] warranted()" singular," ƴ پ; (unique) ʾ a. unique; extraordinary; odd ; ε巯, ָ ; ٸ, ⹦ Though the young man tried to understand Father William's eccentric singular behavior, he still found it odd that the old man incessantly stood on his head. ̴ ϰ ൿ Ϸ ִ ൿ ϰ ִٰ ߴ. [+] exceptional, unordinary, unusual; bizarre, eccentric, odd, peculiar" discourse," n. formal discussion; conversation , The young Plato was drawn to the Agora to hear the philosophicla discourse of Scorates and his followers. û ö ũ׽ ڵ鰣 ö Ͽ ȸ忡 ." rhapsodize," (ϴ) v. to speak or write in an exaggeratedly enthusiastic manner ϰų She greatly enjoyed her Hawailian vacation and rhapsodized about it for weeks. ׳ Ͽ̿ ް ʹ ٻϰ װͿ ߴ. [+] acclaim, exait, extol" forestall,"... ⼱ ϴ ... ̸ v. stall(=to put) upset somebody or his plans by doing something unexpectedly early ; buy up ; do something first and so prevent another from doing it / prevent by taking action in advance ... ⼱ ϴ ; ϴ ; ϴ We trid to forestall the threatened foreclosure. ; By setting up a prenuptial agreement, tne prospective bride and groom hoped to forestall any potential arguments about money in tne event of a divorce. 츮 㺸 ó ̸ ߴ. ; ȥ Ǽ ۼν Ŷ źδ ȥÿ 꿡 ƺ ߴ. [+] deter, preclude; [-] precipitate(Ųٷ )" bland,"ȭ () ε巯; ý ŷ¾ a. soothing; mild ; ε巯 She used a bland ointment for her sunburn. ׳ Ÿ ε巯 ߶. [+] balmy, lenient" consensus,"ġ n. con(=with) + sens(=feel) general agreement of opinion, feeling, etc. ; collective opinion ġ, ; / ü ġ As we learned to understand each other's needs and aspirations, a sort of unspoken consensus developed that enabled us to work together harmoniously. ; The consensus indicates that we are opposed to entering into this pact. 츮 ʿ 屸 ϰ Ǿ 츮 Բ ֵ ִ ̷. ; 츮 δ Ϳ ݴѴٴ ش." fraternal, // fraternal twin ̶ ֵ allocate,"Ҵϴ ϴ v. assign ϴ Even though the Red Cross had allocated a large sum for the relief of the sufferers o the disaster, many people perished. ڻ簡 ط ޴ ϱ ׼ Ҵ ұϰ ׾. [+] allot, apportion, mete" render,"... ǰ ϴ; ϴ; ǥϴ v. ren < re(=back) + der < dit(=give) cause someone or something to be or become ; give in return or exchange ; present, send in ; give a performance of ; express in another languge / deliver; provide; represent .... ǰϴ ; [μ].. ִ[] ; ϴ,ϴ,ϴ ; []ϴ ; ϴ / ϰϴ; ϴ, Ÿ / ϴ;; ǰ ϴ,ϴ That monologue about the pretty young teacher on her first day in shcool rendered me helpless with laughter. ; He rendered aid to the needy and indigent. ڰ б ù . ; ״ ϰ 鿡 ־. [+] furnish, supply; delineate, depict, describe, limn, portray" abase,"( ) ߸ ϴ v. a < ad(=to) + bas(=lower) make someone lower in rank, position, character, etc. / humiliate <,ǰ >߸ / ߴ, ǰ ߸; âǸ ִ It is written in the Bible that ""whosoever shall humble himself shall be exalted, and he that shall exalt himself shall be abased ."" ; His refusal to abase himself in the eyes of his followers irritated the king, who wanted to humiliate him. ""ڽ ߴ ڴ ̰, ڽ ̴ ڴ ̴ "" 濡 ִ. ; ڵ տ ڽ ߷ ν ״ ׿ ְ ߴ ȭ ߴ. [+] debase, degrade, demean, humble" painstaking," Ƴ ʴ ٸ(=pains-taking = taking pains) a. showing hard work; taking great care ־, ϴ the new high frequency word list is the result of painstaking efforts on the part of our research staff. ? 츮 о߿ ־ . [+] fussy, meticulous, punctilious, scrupulous" tangential," ϴ; Ż  a. peripheral; only slightly connected; digressing ϴ; (̾߱ ) Despite Clark's attempts to distract her with tangential remarks, Lois kept on coming back to her main question: why couldn't he come out to dinner wiht Superman and her? ֺ ̾߱ ׳ Ŭ ¿ ұϰ ̽ ׳ ֿ - ״ ۸ǰ ׳ฦ ĻϷ ? - ƿԴ." temporize,"ӽúϴ; extemporize-غ v. tempor/time delay making a decision, giving an answer, stating one's purpose etc. ; act so as to gain time / avoid committing oneself; <, , > ߴ ; ð ൿϴ, Ÿϴ / ⸦ ϴ, 칰޹ϴ; ð I would no more try to work out an ""amiable compromise"" with Horrible Harry than I would seek to temporize with the man-eating shark. ; I cannot permit you to temporize any longer; I must have a definite answer today. Horrible Harry ""ȣ Ÿ"" Ϸ ʴ Ÿ õ ϴ Ͱ . ; ̻ 칰޹ϴ . Ȯ 亯 ڴ. [+] procrastinate" thorny,1. ó īο 2. 뽺 emulous, be emulous of ϴ touchstone,"̳ Ǻϴ ñݼ ǥ n. stone used to test the fineness of gold alloys; criterion ñݼ; ǥ What touchstone can be used to measure that character of a person? ΰ ϱ ؼ  ? [+] standard" oxymoron, bromide,Ÿ Ʋ correlation,"ȣ() n. mutual relationship ȣ? He sought to determine the correlation that existed between ability in algebra and ability to interpret reading exercises. ״ Ƿ° ϰ ؼϴ ɷ° ȣ 踦 Ըϰ ߴ. [+] interrelation" degrade,1. ߴ ĸϴ 2. رŰ 3. ǰ ߸(deteriorate) manifesto," n. declaration; statement of policy ; This statement may be regarded as the manifesto of the party's policy. ߾ å ִ. [+] proclamation, pronouncement" capacious,"  ū a. cap(=take) + aci(=s.e.) + ous(=many, full) able to contain or hold much ; spacious ū ; ,ʸ She has the kind of capacious mind that seems to hold endless information and ideas on any subject. ; In the capacious areas of the railroad terminal, thousands of travelers lingered while waiting for their train. ׳ о İ ִ ִ. ; ö ͹̳ο õ ఴ ٸ ð ´. [+] commodious, spacious" awry,"; ߸Ǿ; ־; Ʋ a. distorted; crooked ְ; η He held his head awry, giving the impression that he had caught cold in his neck during the night. װ Ӹ ̰ ־ ȿ Ⱑ ɷȴٴ λ ־. [+] askance, askew" engender,"߻Ű Ű produce; Ͼ; ƹ ڽ ment ʷ ߱ v. en(=make) + gen(=birth, creation) bring about / cause; produce ߻Ű, ߱Ű John F. Kennedy warned us that governments which make no effort at peaceable reform may engender social unrest that will make violent revolution inevitable. ; To receive praise for real accomplishments engenders self-confidence in a child. John F. Kennedy ȭ ʴ δ Ұϰ ȸҾ ߱ų 𸥴ٰ 츮 ߴ. ; Ī ޴ ̿ ڽŰ Ѵ. [+] arouse, generate, induce, provoke; [-] eradicate(ϴ(extirpate))" pallor,( )â paleness whiteness // parlor : address,"/ּ/ȣĪ/ (...) ɴ ϴ ( )/ϴ v. direct a speech to; deal with or discuss ϴ, ϴ; ϴ,; ּ Due to address the convention in July, Brown planned to address the issue of low-income housing in his speech. 7 ȸ , ҵ ù ȹߴ." paradigm," ; ȭǥ n. model; example; pattern , , Ȱ뿡 Pavlov's experiment in which he trains a dog to salivate on hearing a bell is a paradigm of the conditioned-response experiment in behavioral psychology. Ҹ ħ 긮 ƷýŲ ĺ ൿ ɸ ǹݻ翡 . [+] archetype, paragon, standard" compile,ϳ ϴ ϴ hierarchy," ġ; з ü n. hier(=holy) + arch(=govern, rule) + y(=that which) organization with grades of authority from lowest to highest ; group of persons in authority ; group of bishops of a country / body divided into ranks ; ġ ; ֱ / A superintendent is at the head of the hierarchy of educators responsible for the schooling of our children and young people. ; It was difficult to step out of one's place in this hierarchy. ̿ ̵ ġ ڵ θӸ ִ. ; ̷ ڸ ̾. [+] order" chronicle," v. report; record (in chronological order) ϴ The gossip columnist was paid to chronicle the latest escapades of the socially prominent celebrities. ڴ ȸ ֱ ఢ ߴ." auxiliary," n.a. aux < aug(=increase) + ili(=s.e.) + ary(=relating to) auxiliary verb ; troops hired from a foreign or allied country / helping, surpporting / helper, additional or subsidiary ; << pl>> δ / , The building is equipped with an auxiliary generator, ready to go into service whenever the main power source is cut off. ; To prepare for the emergency, they built an auxiliary power station. ǹ ¼ ܵǾ ۵ غ ⸦ ߰ ִ. ; ¿ ϱ ׵ . [+] accessory, ancillary, appurtenant, secondary, subordinate, subsidiary, supplementary" arid," ̰ a. dry; barren ; Ҹ The cactus has adapted to survive in an arid environment. ȯ濡 ֵ Ǿ. [+] droughty; sterile, unfruitful" aristocratic, exodus,"( ) ; (̹δ ) ⱹ n. ex(=out) + od < hod(=way) going out or away of many people ; the departure of the Israelites from Egypt about 1300 BC ; the second book of the Old Testament that tells of this departure < > Ż, , ; ֱ ; ֱޱ / 뷮Ż The dictator's policies of persecution and repression led to a mass exodus of able people from the oppressed country. ; The exodus from the hot and stuffy city was particularly noticeable on Friday evenings. ؿ å 츶 Ǿйڱκ 뷮 Żߴ. ; Ư ݿ ῡ ø . [+] egress, exit" egocentric,ڱ߽ ̱ n ̱ curtail,"ϴ / ϰ ϴ ϴ ...Լ Ϻθ Ѵ v. shorten; reduce; to shorten; to suspend ̴ During the coal shortage, we must curtail our use of this vital commodity.; He was offended by the telephone operator's curt reply. ź 츮 ߿ ڿ ٿ߸ Ѵ. [+] abbreviate, abridge, retrench" assess,ϴ / ( ) ϴ ancillary, / μ μ / (ancilla :/μӹ/ϳ) ritual, ǽ atheist,ŷ desperate,/ ʻ / disparate : ٸ fluster,"Ȳ ϴ v. confuse Ȳϴ The teacher's sudden question flustered him and he stammered his reply. ۽ ״ ȲϿ 亯 ӹŷȴ. [+] addle, bewilder, distract, muddle" debate,ϴ / Ʈ ΰ myopia,ٽþ; bequest, improvise,"1. N 2. ӽú v. im < in(=not) + pro(=before) + vis(=look) make verse, music, etc. without preparationor plan ; provide something roughly for an immediate need / compose on the spur of the moment <<, >>N ; ӽú ϴ / ָ ϴ; N He is the kind of speaker who is more effective when he improvises his remarks than when he reads from a prepared script. ; She would sit at the piano and improvise for hours on themes from Bach and Handel. ״ غ N ȿ ŵδ ׷ ̴. ; ׳ ǾƳ տ ɾƼ Ͽ  鿡 Ͽ ð N ۰ ϰ ߴ. [+] extemporize" pathology, dross,"( ݼ)Ҽ ġ chaff n. waste matter; worthless impurities ⹰; Ҽ Many methods have been devised to separate the valuable metal from the dross. Ҽ ͱݼ иس ؼ Ǿ. [+] slag" mode," n. prevailing style She was not used to their lavish mode of living. ׳ ׵ ġ Ȱ Ŀ ͼ ʾҴ. [+] fashion, vogue" nullify,"ȿ ϴ ϴ ϴ v. to make invalid ȿ ϴ, öϴ Once the contract was nullified, it no longer had any legal force. ȿ Ǿ װ  ȿµ ߴ. [+] abolish, abrogate, annihilate, annul, invalidate, vitiate" churl, ð߱; ٷο μ boor amass,"() ϴ ״ v. collect, pile or heap up , ״, ϴ He would later amass a fortune from the small investment. ; The miser's aim is to amass and hoard as much gold as possible. ״ ڷ Ŀ θ ϰ ̴. ; μ Ƽ δ ̴. [+] accumulate, cumulate, garner, stockpile" orthodox," ε; ν a. traditional; conservative in belief , / Faced with a problem, he preferred to take an orthodox approach rather than shock anyone. ״ ο ٴ ȣߴ. [+] acknowledged, customary" capital, ں() ڿ õ caricature,"ȭ dzڸȭ dz n. distortion; burlesque ְ; dzڸȭ The caricatures he dew always emphasized a personal weakness of the people he burlesqued. װ ׸ dz ȭ ͻ콺 䳻 ߴ. [+] burlesque, parody, travesty" supersede,"1. ... ϴ 2. () ٱ Ű v. super(=over) + sed(=sit) take the place of ; put or use someone or something in the place of / cause to be set aside; replace; to replace ϴ ; üϴ,ϴ / - ϴ; üϴ By the 1920s, the automobile had already superseded the horse for most uses, both in cities and on the farm. ; This regulation will supersede all previous rules.; A new judge will be appointed to supersede the Judge Taylor. 1920뿡 ڵ ÿ ̿ κ 뵵 ߴ . ; Ģ ̴. [+] displace, supplant" abstract,"߻ ̻ a. not concrete ߻ / ߻(̷); ; иϴ To him, hunger was an abstract concept; he had never missed a meal. ׿ ־ ָ ߻ ̴; ״ ѹ ϸ Ÿ . [+] hypothetical" arduous," ; ִ ϴ a. hard; strenuous; demanding great effort, strenuous , ; Her arduous efforts had sapped her energy.; An arrangement of flowers is always an appropriate gift for someone in the hospital. ׳ ׳ฦ ȭ״. [+] laborious, toilsome" avuncular,"(); a. like an uncle ? ΰ Avuncular pride did not prevent him from noticing his nephew's shortcomings. μ Ϳϴ ״ ڱ ī ˾ ־." imperative, ///ǹ/å serendipity," ߰ ã n. gift for finding valuable things not searched for 쿬 ϵ ߰ϴ Many scientific discoveries are a matter of serendipity. ߰ߵ ͵ ʰ ߰ߵǾ." cacophony,"ȭ n. discord ȭ Some people seem to enjoy the cacophony of an orchestra that is turning up. Ǵ ȭ ִ . [+] discordance, dissonance" continuum, ü infrastructure,Ϻ Ϻα () mess with,ϴ/ ~ ϴ languid,"/ ̾ a. weary; sluggish; listless , ; ȰⰡ ; ; ̾ Her siege of illness left her languid and pallid. ׳ ɷ âߴ. [+] lackadaisical" stifle,ϴ/ﴩ disposition,//ġ/<>ó take on,޾Ƶ̴/(ӿ)ܷ/(ü/ ) reclaim,ã/ϴ/Ÿϴ/ȭϴ/̴ plunge, ִ/ ߶ϴ/ پ severe,/뼭 //ͷ intrepid,"η 𸣴/밨/ a. in(=not) + trep < trem(=fear) fearless ; bold 𸣴 ; / η ʴ Despite the threats made against his life, the intrepid prosecutor was able to obtain a conviction of the corrupt officials. ; For his intrepid conduct in battle, he was promoted.; Their leader remained intrepid even in the face of great danger. ڱ ұϰ ˻ а ǰ  ־. ; ״ ͽ ¸ߴ. [+] audacious, brave, courageous, dauntless, valorous; [-] apprehensive(ηϴ, )" retrieval,/ ȸ transmissible, ִ cleave,"ϴ/ϴ /ɰ/ɰ v. split asunder ɰ The lightning cleaves the tree in two. ѷ ɰ. [+] dissect, sever, sunder" retentive," a. re(=back, again) + ten < tain(=hold) having the power of retaining ; having a good memory / holding; ϴ, ִ ; / Foetunately the soil is so retentive of moisture that the weeks of dry weather did not damage our crops. ; The pupil did not need to spend much time in study as he had a retentive mind. ⸦ ϱ ְ 츮 ۹ ظ ġ ʾҴ. ; л ұ ϴµ ð ʿ ʾҴ. [+] retaining; unforgetting" procrastinate,"θ/ٹŸ v. pro(=forward) + crastin(=tomorrow) + ate(=make) delay action ; keep on putting off / postpone; ϴ, üϴ ; / ٹŸ The one thing a successful business executive must not do is to procrastinate when an opportunity arises to make a profitable deal. ; It is wise not to procrastinate; otherwise, we find ourselves bogged down in a mass of work which should have been finished long ago. ȸ ߿ ؼ Ǵ Ǵ ŷ ִ ȸ üϴ ̴ . ; ϴ ġ ϴ.ϸ ߴ Ͽ ¦ ̴. [+] dally, dawdle, drag, linger, loiter" turn out,/ᱹ~ 巯/⼮//// coercion,"/ n. use of force , They forced him to obey, but only under great coercion. ׵ ׿ ϵ ߴ. ׷ û ׸ ų ־. [+] compulsion, constraint, duress" musty,"γ a. stale; spoiled by age γ ; ٹ; ô뿡 ڶ The attic was dark and musty. ٶ Ӱ ߴ. [+] banal, stereotyped, trite" distress, beat up,~ ڱ ġ tie, /~ bran, parson, / ȼ indulge,Žϴ/ ڴ ϰϴ swift,ż inmate,Լ/ evaporation,/ moss,̳ hail, make out,ϴ/ĺϴ/ϴ/ϴ giraffe,⸰ statue, lazy, / ٹ garb, / ̿ ΰ ϶ quarrel, / ڸ ´ ϴ Pluto,ռ jot,/ణ / ־ plaything,峭 claim,ϴ prompt,ڱϴ/ϴ/ϴ pull a long face,ù ǥ disposable,ȸ/ó ִ bitter,Ŷ/ engineer,跫 ¥/ embroidery,/ڼ discontent,Ҹ/ diplomat,ܱ leak,/ϴ abate,"̴/ Ű/ ~ Ʈ پ? v. subside or moderate; to lessen to subside ׷, Later than leaving immediately, they waited for the storm to abate.; John pulled over to the side of the road to wait until the storm abated. ׵ ʰ dz ׷⸦ ٷȴ. [+] bate, dwindle, lull, relent, slacken, subside, wane; [-] augment(Ű)" raid,޽/ / ̴ ϴ depress,ϴ/ ϰ ϴ give birth to, pillar,/ּ whip, / Uranus,õռ metaphysics,̻ undergo,ϴ controversial, ִ sly,Ȱ assign,Ҵϴ laughter,Ҹ balmy,"ο / Ǵ ο ٶ д a. mild; fragrant ȭ; ο A balmy breeze refreshed us after the sultry blast. ε巯 dz Ҿ 츮 ÿ ߴ. [+] bland, lenient; aromatic, fragrant, redolent" fuming,̿/⿬() ߻ϴ heed,/ ϴ deserve, ġ ִ/ ϴ pagoda,ž exhilarated, for heaven's sake,/ ƹɷ oar, / ~ 븦 ± wander,Ȳϴ / Ȳϴ ϵ sluggish,"/ a. inactive ; slow-moving / lazy; lethargic; not easily aroused by activity; slow to respond Ȱġ ; , ϸ / ; ȰⰡ , ; ,Ұ We held a meeting to discuss why the sale of tickets to the class dance has been so sluggish and what we can do about it. ; After two nights without sleep, she felt sluggish and incapable of exertion.; This drain is sluggish because there is something caught in the pipe. б ȸ ǸŰ ׷ ϸ ű⿡ 츮  ؾϴ° ϱ ȸǸ ߴ. ; Ʋ ׳ ϰ . [+] indolent, slothful; apathetic, languid" droop,þ߸ cloudburst,ۺ״ / on cloud nine,DZϿ spot,߰ϴ/// = call out,Ҹ ϴ/ϴ saddle, / 忡 ɾ ִ contamination, note down, δ persistently, inference,"߷ n. conclusion drawn from data ߷ / I want you to check this inference because it may have been based on insufficient information. ߷ ǰ 𸣱 װ Ѵ. [+] deduction, ratiocination" get lost, Ҵ intervene,"̿ Ͼ/ ϴ v. inter(=between) + ven(=come) come between others in time ; interfere so as to prevent something or the change the result <<, ٸ͵>> ̿ , ϴ ; <<>>ϴ, ϴ A full term intervened before I saw her again, and what a difference that brief passage of time made! ; She intervened in the argument between her two sons. ׳ฦ ٽ бⰡ µ ª Ⱓ 󸶳 ū ̸ ? ; ׳ Ƶ ̿ Ͼ ߴ. [+] intercede, intertere" intervene in,ϴ/ϴ jostle,"д / Ϸ о´ v. push roughly against ; push / shove; bump <...> εġ ; <>д / ε The cafeteria line was so crowded that I found myself jostled past the desserts before I could take one. ; In the subway he was jostle by the crowds. Ĵ ٿ ʹ з ϳ ⵵ Ʈθ ˾Ҵ. ; ö ״ 鿡 зȴ. [+] collide, crash, push" sighting, voracious,"ſ /Ž彺 a. vor(=eat) + aci(=s.e.) + ous(=many, full) devouring or eager to devour large puantities of food ; very greedy or eager in some desire or persuit ; insatiable / ravenous ԰ɽ Ծ,ϴ ; Ž彺 ; 𸣴 / ԰ɽ Դ Has antone ever measured how many hours of TV time are needed to satisfy a small boy's voracious appetite for Westerns? ; the wolf is a voracious animal, its hunger never satisfied.  οȭ Ű TV ð̳ ƾ ϴ ֽϱ? ; Ž彺 ̳ Ⱑ ä . [+] covetous, gluttonous, greedy, rapacious, ravening" preoccupied,/ ȷִ to the best of,~ϴ / ~ ġ swarm, sage,/ / flee,޾Ƴ//dzϴ damp,/ / ۷ Antarctica, rash,//к/ idle, / ̵ հŸ ִ tart,Ÿ/īο / ʹ ſ ԰ھ catch on,̵Ǵ/ α⸦ hamlet, / ܸ Ҿ dissolve,̴/ϴ vein,/ / Į debunk, fad, faint,/ / ϴ absurd,ո / ص ո discern,ĺ/кϴ cemetery, / /¸ ִ? parcle,/ٷ / ٷ jeer,ϴ / ׸ ߴ flare up,ݺϴ/Ҳȭ amphibian,"缭 n. bi(o)(=life) animal able to live both on land and in water ; flat-bottomed vehicle able to move in water and on land / able to live both on land in water 缭 ; / ִ, 缭 Frogs are classified as amphibian . ; Frogs are classified as amphibian. 缭 зȴ. ; 缭 зȴ." carry out,ϴ/ϴ endeavor, baffle,"Ű / Ǯ ϰ ⸦ ٴ! v. frustrate; perplex; to confuse Ű; Ȳϴ / Ȳϰϴ The new code baffled the enemy agents.; He must have an aversion to work because he is always out of a job. ?ȣ Ȳ ߴ. [+] balk, circumvent, frustrate, thwart, confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, embarrass, nonplus, muddle, puzzle" decline,ϴ/ / Ʒ defy,ϴ/ ϴ gale,dz / dz Ұ redundant,"Ȳ/ʿ a. red < re(=back, again) + und(=wave) superfluous / excessively wordy; repetitious , / ׿; ġ ; ߾ξ When he demanded that I immediately ""return back"" the money I owed him, I found him not merely unpleasant but redundant . ; Your composition is redundant; you can easily reduce its length. ׿ ""޶"" 䱸 װ Ӹ ƴ϶ ġٰ ߴ. ; ۹ ʿ ʹ . ̸ ִ. [+] superfluous, supernumerary; prolix, verbose; [-] economical()" parley,"ȸ/ / ȸ ĸ n. conference ȸ The peace parley has not produced the anticipated truce. ȭ ȸ ߴ. [+] conversation, discussion, palaver" heritage,/ / ̰ ӹ 㸮 dandelion,ε鷹 astronomer,õ lament,źϴ/ ϴ left-over,/Դ naive, / ̺ ó࿡ inundation,ħ/ȫ abrupt,۽ / ۽ Ŵ compassion, obsess, ޶ٴ/ ޶ ݾ tease, greed,Ž confrontation,// salmon, / pupil,/л call for,ûϴ haul,Ʋ / Ȧ ܶ salvage,"س/ / ʰ ؼ ϶ n.v. salv(=safe) + age(=act) the rescue of a ship and cargo at sea from peril such as fire, shipwreck, etc. ; cargo, property, or ship saved ; payment given to those who save property ; < saving of> waste material that can be used again after being processed / save from loss, fire, wreck, etc. / rescue from loss س ; ȭ,,ξ缱 ; ; <<̿>> / ϴ / ϴ Is it too much to expect that I will be able to salvage a few shreds of self-respect from my humiliating failure? ; All attempts to salvage the wrecked ship failed. зκ ϴ ģ ϱ? ; ļ Ϸ õ 翴. [+] rescue, retrieve" reed, blow up,ȭ/̼ Ҵ inevitable, / ʿ kennel, / . worn,ɹ deter,ϴ/׸ΰϴ malicious,"ִ / ִ ൿ ̾ a. dictated by hatred or spite ִ; ɼ The malicious neighbor spread the gossip. ɼ ̿ ҹ ۶߷ȴ. [+] malevolent, malignant" legacy," n. leg(=send) money, etc. to be received by a person under the will of and at the death of another person / a gift made by a will , Her legacy from her father was a love of music. ; Part of legacy from my parents is an album of family photographs. ׳డ ƹκ ǿ ̾. ; θκ Ϻδ ٹ̴. [+] inheritance" phenomenal,///Ŵ bold, cloud,Ӱ ϴ// posterity,"ڼ/ ļ n. descendants; future generations ڼ; ļ We hope to leave a better world to posterity.; We ordain this Constitution for ourselves and our posterity. 츮 ļտ ֱ ٶ. [+] offspring, progeniture, progeny, scions" whimsical," a. capricious; fanciful; quaint ; ȯ; ⹦ ""Peter Pan"" is a whimsical play. """" Ⱬ ̴. [+] vagarious; odd, peculiar" plumbing, dagger,ܰ / ܼӿ ܰ мߴ minster,뼺 needy, / ָ ã ϵ ڸ acne,帧 precede, ռ/ ɰϴ obscene, / å ſ Ѵ fancy,/̿ ´ / ̿ ´ ҽ ǰ dividend, aerial,׳ / /⿡ dispute,ϴ/ϴ out of every ten bottles, Ѻ ÷ sociable,米 chronological,ð hypothesis,// vague,ȣ / 豸 ȣ ϴ plead quilty,˸ ϴ reliable,ŷҼִ / ̹ ŷ ִ? jilt,ڰ / ׳ ɿ ȴ reverence,/ shape up, ä ߴ mandate,"/ / ġ / Ʈ ϴ ȴ n. order; charge ; Ź; , In his inaugural address, the President stated that he had a mandate from the people to seek an end to social evils such as poverty, poor housing, etc. εκ , ʶ ȸ Ľ ޶ Ź ޾Ҵٰ ߴ. [+] command, dictate" equip, ߾ ִ/ Դ break down,峪 germ, jury,ɿ precipitation, bribe,żϴ riot,/ҵ liver, foil,"Ű / Ͽ Ѷ n. contrast / defeat; frustrate Ǿ ̰ ϴ° / Ű In ""Star Wars,"" dark, evil Darth Vader is a perfect foil for fair-haired, naive Luke skywalker. ; In the end, Skywalker is able to foil Vader's diabolical schemes. ȭ ""Ÿ"" Ӹ Darth Vader ݹ Luke Skywalker . ; ī̿Ŀ ̴ Ų. [+] baffle, balk, circumvent, thwart" yearn,ϴ /  ׸ϴ perception,ν/ڰ molehill,Ѱ/δ ij ε knot,ŵ( Ŵ) repose,޽/ / ϴ what we call,̸/ garble,ְϴ / ѹ ߴٰ ſҷ̶ ְ whirl,ȸϴ / ƿö ۺ ȸߴ expedition,/Ž leafy, detergent," n. cleansing agent Many new detergents have replaced soap. ο ſ Դ." offender,/ Neptune,ؿռ capricious," / Ŀ̼̾! a. flickle; incalculable ; Ͻ The storm was capricious and changed course constantly. dz θ ؼ ٲپ. [+] fickle, mercurial, unstable; [-] steadfast(Ȯε)" quack,"в n. charlatan; impostor ǻ; Do not be misled by the exorbitant claims of this quack; he cannot cure you. ǻ ͹Ͼ 忡 . ״ ̴. [+] mountebank; [-] honest practitioner( )" unburden, burden δ name after,~ ̸ confess,ϴ acclaim,"ȯȣϴ n.v. ac < ad(=to) + claim(=cry out) the act of doing this / welcome someone with praise, joy, and applause along with loud shouts / applaud; announce with great approval ä,ȯȣ / ȯȣϴ, äϴ / ä , Now that my football career is over, all I have left is some bright memories of the acclaim of the crowd, a few medals, and a bad left knee. ; The NBC sportscasters acclaimed every American victory in the Olympics and decried every American defeat. ౸Ȱ Ŷ ߵ ȯȣ ,  ޴, ׸ ģ ʹ ̴. ; NBC ڵ øȿ ̱ ¸ ȯȣ ̱ й ߴ. [+] hail" attempted burglary, ̼ moth, sanguine,"õ / õ̴ a. sangu(=blood) hopeful ; optimistic ; having a red complexion / cheerful; ; õ ; Ȼ ұ׽, , Ǻ / Ȱ; The nurse changed his sanguine bandage. ; Let us not be too sanguine about the outcome; something could go wrong. ȣ ǹ ش븦 ־. ; ʹ .  𸣴ϱ. [+] optimistic" becoming,︮/˸ attic,ٶ mold,/Ǫ/⸧ cohesion,"ܰ/ n. force which keeps parts together , () In order to preserve our cohesion, we must not let minor differences interfere with our major purposes. 츮 츮 շ ϱ ߿ ǥ ̷ ع ʵ ؾ߸ Ѵ. [+] adherence, adhesion, cling, coherence, stickage" fierce,ͷ/糪 / 糪 Ҳ Ǿ venture, ϴ / õ testimony, offensive,/ȭ ϴ/ gaga, / ٰ? precise,"Ȯ a. exact Ȯ, IJ / If you don't give me precise directions and a map, I'll never find your place. Ȯ ÿ ʴ´ٸ Ҹ ã ̴. [+] accurate, correct, prim" rise above,~ ʿϴ kindle,"Ÿϴ / ʸ Ų 󸶳 ھ? v. catch fire or burst into flames or flaming color ; rouse or be roused to a state of strong feeling, interest, etc. / start a fire; inspire <> ; <, > , ϰ ϴ, äϴ / ̴, ȭϴ / ¿ I discovered that it was not so easy as it may seem to kindle a fire in an outdoor fireplace. ; Her teacher's praise kindled a spark of hope inside her. ο Ǵ ⸸ŭ ʴٴ ˾Ҵ. ; Ī ׳ ϵҴ. [+] ignite" proposition, get rid of,~ ϴ cajole," ̴ / ӿ ò v. coax; wheedle ; ̴ I will not be cajoled into granting you your wish. װ ϰ ְ ϵ Ŵ. [+] beguile, deceive, delude" soggy, /컶 corporal,üü hold back one's anger,ȭ ﴩ side with,~ caustic,"Ŷ/ νļ a. caust(=burn) + ic(=nature of) able to burn or destroy by chemical action ; acrid ; sarcastic / burning; sarcastically biting νļ, ; Ŷ ; 񲿴 / If any of the caustic material gets on your clothing, wash it off immediately with lukewarm water to prevent it from eating away the fabric. ; The critic's caustic remarks angered the hapless actors who were the subjects of his sarcasm. νļ ʿ õ νĵǴ ľ. ; Ŷ ȭ ߴ. [+] incisive, mordacious, mordant, pungent, sarcastic, scathing, stinging, trenchant; [-] innocuous( )" pasty,Ǯ() tailor,ߴ cling to,~ ޶ ٴ fickle," / Dz ̴ a. often changing ; not constant / changeable; faithless <, > ϴ ; / ž The taste of the public is so fickle that a TV performer who is a big hit one season may be out of a job the next. ; He discovered she was fickle and went out with many men. ſ Ʈߴ TVڵ 𿡼 ڸ ִ. ; ״ ׳డ ڵ ;ٰ ˾Ҵ. [+] capricious, inconstant, mercurial, unstable" deposit,ñ uncanny,"Ұ/ź / ? ź ij? a. unnatural, mysterious, weird / strange; ڿ, ź񽺷, / ̻; ź We listened to an uncanny sense of direction. ; You have the uncanny knack of reading my innermost thoughts. 츮 ź񽺷 Ⱘ ͸ ￴. ; ƴ ̻ . [+] occult, supernatural" elaborate, / ̷ ! in exchange for,~ ȯ kin, / Ų ̴ٸ ģô macabre,"Ҹġ / Ҹġ ϰ Ҿ a. gruesome; grisly ù, ; The city morgue is a macabre spot for the uninitiated. δ 鿡Դ ¾ ̴. [+] ghastly, horrible, lurid, terrible" naughty, / Ƽٰ ٴ immaculate,"/ a. im < in(=not) + macul(=stain, spot) pure ; faultless ; without a spot or stain ; perfectly clean ; right in every detail / spotless ; ; ; ; Ϻ / û; George Washington's immaculate reputation as a dedicated patriot has been an inspiration to many generations of Americans. ; The West Point cadets were immaculate as they line d up for inspection. ֱڷμ George Washington ̱ε鿡 ϳ ڱ̾. ; 翭 ޱ . [+] stainless, unblemished, undefiled, unsullied" embargo,/ױ / Ϻó ӹٲ ° altruistic,"Ÿ a. altru < alter(=other) + ist(=person who) + ic(=nature of) considering the well-being and happines of others first,unselfish / unselfishly generous; concerned for others Ÿ / Ÿ, ھ What good are altruistic principles if no real attempt is made to help people by putting them into practice? ; In providing tutorial assistance and college scholarships for hundres of economically disadvantage youths, Engene Lang performed a truly altruistic deed. Ÿ װ õν ڴٴ õ ʴ´ٸ ҿ ְڴ°? ; ҿ ̵鿡 ڸ б ٶ """" Ÿ ൿ ־. [+] charitable, humane, humanitarian, magnanimous, philanthropic, unselfish" hostile, die down,Ƶ abominable, ִ / ִ å ƹ̳ å durability, repossession, ȸ seal,ϴ/кϴ by all means,ݵ distort,ְϴ accord,"ġϴ / ! ڵ尡 ġߴ n.v. ac < ad(=to, near) + cord(=heart) the state of being in agreement or harmony / be in agreement or harmony ; give,grant ġ,ȭ / ġϴ,ȭǴ ; ִ,ϴ / ġ(ϴ); ϴ; ; We are attending the meeting in the hope that we will be able to work out some kind of accord on limiting nuclear weapons. ; She was in complete accord with the verdict. 츮 ٹ ѿ Ǹ  ȸǿ ϰ ִ Դϴ. ; ׳ ῡ ºߴ. [+] agreement, concord, consonance, harmony" whaling, engagement,// refuge,dzó/ó shake a leg!,ѷ party,/ü/ Ƽ/ hue,//Ư prey,ĵ antenna,˼/ manage to, ~ϴ set about,~ ϴ in obedience to,~ ؼ disrupt,رŰ/пŰ obstinate,"ϰ/ a. stubborn; stubborn;unyiedling / ; ϰ We tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he was obstinate and refused to change.; Jan is such an obsinate person,I know that we will never be able to change her mind. 츮 ׿ 踦 Ű ״  ġ ʾҴ. [+] intractable, perverse, refractory, stubborn; [-] tractable()" iconoclast,ı / ڴµ ī ׷ teem, / tangle,Ŵ / ʱʱ ִ. extinguish, nicety,"Ȯ/ٷο/IJ n. precision; minute distinction Ȯ; I cannot distinguish between such niceties of reasoning. ׷ ߷ ̹ . [+] accuracy" vain,/ / Į ϴ on one's toes,ƴ/ غ / ִ/ Ȱ urge,ϴ triumph over,~ ̱ ¸ϴ institution,/ ȸ partake, ϴ/ ϴ unanimous,ġ / ¼~ ϸ ġ Ǵ pick up the tab, ġ carriage,Ż / tonic, off limits, impression,λ/ deliver,ϰ ϴ/ϴ outstretch, break out,Żϴ/(ິȭ簡)ϴ masculinity,系ٿ superstitious,̽ tidy, stare,վ run over, ġ stir,/ ̴ in ten year's time,10 帣 blunder,"ū Ǽ n. error; an error a mistake Ǽ The criminal's fatal blunder led to his capture.; Since visibility is near zero, all planes will be grounded until the blizzard is over. ġ Ǽ ü ̸ ߴ. [+] mistake" rebuke,ϴ / ̺ ϴ in exchange,ſ/ prohibit,ϴ It's the last straw, ̻ . fortitude,"γ/ n. fort(=strong) calm courage in the face of pain, danger, or difficulty / bravery; / 밨; The nurses displayed unwavering fortitude during the epidemic. ; He was awarded the medal for his fortitude in the battle. ȣ ұ ⸦ ־. ; ״ 밨߱ ޴ ޾Ҵ. [+] dauntlessness, intrepidity" dairy,Ǹ / Ǹ 븮 ߴ vent,"߻ϴ/巯/dz n. a small opening; outlet / express; utter ; ⱸ / ǥϴ; ߻ϴ, ϴ, ϴ The wine did not flow because the air vent in the barrel was clogged. ; He vented his wrath on his class. 帣 ʾҴ. ; ״ ڱ г븦 ڱ ݿ鿡 Ͷ߷ȴ. [+] aperture, orifice, emit, expel" put off,ϴ/ϴ suburb,/ θ knee, / ݾ imfirmity,/// nutrient," a. providing nourishment Ǵ During the convalescent period, the patient must be provided with nutrient. ȸ ȯڿԴ 簡 ִ ؾ Ѵ. [+] nourishing" flawless, deplete,"ҽŰ/ҸŰ v. de(=reverse) + plet(=fill) empty until little or none remains ; use up ; exhaust / reduce; ; ; Ű / ̴; The prolonged drought has so depleted the supplies in our reservoir that we may have to consider rationing water. ; We must wait until we deplete our present inventory before we order replacements. 츮 ױ 츮 ؾ 𸣰ڴ. ; 츮 ü ֹϱ ǰ Ҹų ٷ߸ Ѵ. [+] drain, exhaust" pathetic,"/ ҽ a. causing sadness, compassion, pity; touching óο; Ű / Everyone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished his pathetic tale about the orphaned boy. װ ư ҳ⿡ ̾߱⸦ . [+] commiserable, pitiful" bend down,ݽ θ overboard, misdemeanor," n. mean(=lead) offence less serious than a felony / minor crime The cadet's misdemeanor worried his father. ; The culprit pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor rather than face trial for a felony. Ƶ ƹ ߴ. ; ڴ ⼮ Ǻٴ ˰ ǵ ߴ. [+] peccadillo" grassy,Ǯ redeem, ϴ tenacious," / Ҽ Ÿ̾ a. holding fast , ܴ ִ, پ ʴ I had to struggle to break his tenacious hold on my arm. װ Ѹġ ֽ. [+] adhesive, cohesive" culmination,"ְ/ n. attainment of highest point ְ , His inauguration as President of the United States marked the culmination of his political career. װ ̱ ġ ̶ ־. [+] acme, apex, apogee, climax, peak, pinnacle, summit" sizzling, treat,ٷ/ ϴ/ / ȯ occupy,ϴ / ~̸ ߱ strained,/ deficiency, noticeable, conservative, colloquial,"(ü) a. pertaining to conversational or common speech , ȭ, ü Ͱ ۿ ü ǥ ϴ ȿ ϰ ̴. 5. [+] You use of colloquial expression!s in a formal essay such as the one you have presented spoils the effect you hope to achieve." beats me,𸣰ھ match-up,/ crucial,߿/ stand out,ε巯 conceive,ϴ/ϴ excessive,/ģ sadden,ϴ / ż Ѵ inverse,"ݴ a. opposite ݴ There is an inverse ratio between the strength of light and its distance. Ÿ ݺѴ. [+] reverse" eager,/ / ̰ ϰ;()ϴ humanitarian,ε ramp," n. slope; inclined plane ; (̵Ʈ) The house was built with ramps instead of stairs in order to enable the man is the wheelchair to move easily from room to room and floor to floor. ü Ÿ ׸ ̸ ٴ ֵ ſ ΰ ִ." worth,ġ/ ġ ִ lamb, retard,ߴ wage,ӱ/ / ϰ ӱ babble,"߰Ÿ / ֵ Ҹ ߰Ÿ v. chatter idly ߰Ÿ; Ÿ ϴ The little girl babbled about her doll.  ҳ ߰ŷȴ. [+] gibber, prate, prattle" at all costs, ־ fool,̴/⸸ϴ nap,/ / ϴ ٰܴ ٴ administer,ϴ/ ϴ/ 濵ϴ diaper, conviction," ǰ/ Ȯ n. con(=intensive) + vict(=conquer) the act of proving or declaring guilty ; firm or assured belief / strongly held belief ǰ,˼ ; Ȯ,ų / ǰ; ų,ǰ Herbert's actions and ideas seem to be based on the conviction that he knows more about everything than everyone else. ; Nothing could shake his conviction that she was innocent. Hervert ൿ Ϳ ؼ װ ٸ 麸 ˰ ִٴ Ȯſ ٰŸ ΰ ִ . ; ׳డ ˶ Ȯ  Ϳ 鸮 ʾҴ. [+] assurance, certainty, confidence" confirm,Ȯϴ candid, / ĵ ϴ carp, / snare,/ Ȥ/ / Ȥϴ reliability,ŷڵ vessel,;(ū)/ ׸ scrape through,  ϴ gape," / v. open widely Ȱ¦ The huge pit gaped before him; if he stumbled, he would fall in. Ŵ ̰ տ . ƲŸ ̴. [+] shut" relinquish,"絵ϴ v. abandon ϴ I will relinquish my claims to this property if you promise to retain my employees. شٸ 꿡 ϰڴ. [+] cede, waive, resign; (relinquish) ٽ(re) ؾ(linq) Ѵ." substance,/ ü deplomatic,ܱ/ repugnance,"ݰ/ n. loathing Ⱦ She looked at the snake with repugnance. ׳ Ҹ ߴ. [+] abomination, abhorrence, aversion, hatred, repulsion" nausea,ý/ / 䳪 ! Ѵ harsh,ģ/Ȥ / Ͼ ĥ Ž oath,ͼ/ / ~ ͼ regulate,ϴ/ϴ parlor, / ȷ ǿ 鷶 kidney, / Ű harvest,Ȯ/߼ / ~ ۳ ϰ Ȯ߱ mar,ġ/ / ƴٰ ʹ ridicule,/ (ϴ) bachelor,л/ų / ᵡϴ ų regime,"/ / () n. method or system of government When a Frenchman mentions the Old Regime, he refers to the government existing before the revolution. Ҷ ϴ θ Ų." fervor," / ۺξ Ѵ n. glowing ardor Their kiss was full of the fervor of first love. ׵ Ը ù ־. [+] enthusiasm, passion, zeal; [-] apathy(ô, )" quake,ϴ sagacious," / ̾ a. keen; shrewd; having insight ; ; He is much too sagacious to be fooled by a trick like that. ״ ʹ ϱ ׿ Ӽ ʴ´. [+] sage, discerning, insightful, judicious, perceptive; (saga) ϰ, ϰ, (sagacious) ." lead to, ~ Ǵ go over,Ⱦ generous, / ϰ 뼭ָ mountain lion,ǻ(Ƹ޸ĭ ̿) outgoing, rehabilitate,"ϴ/ϴ v. re(=again) + hab(=have, live) restore someone to former rank, position or reputation ; restore old buildings to a good condition / restore to proper condition [,]Ű, ȸŰ ; [ ǹ ]ϴ / · ȸŰ The purpose of our prisons is not just to punish offenders but to rehabilitate them. ; We must rehabilitate those whom we send to prison. ڵ ִ ƴ϶ ׵ (ȸ) ͽŰ ̴. ; 츮 ҷ 米Ѿ Ѵ. [+] restore, recover, restitute" folk,/ģô / ũ ϴ depressant, /⸦ / ϴ/ Ұ have an effect on,ִ/affect/influence keep one's head,ħ ϴ/ Ȳ ʴ frank, fatuous,"û / û ༮ ־ a. foolish; inane ٺ; He is far to intelligent to utter such fatuous remarks. ״ ʹ Ѹؼ ׷ ٺ ʴ´. [+] asinine, idiotic, silly, witless" remedy,ġ/ catch ~off one's guard,~ Ȧ ƴ Ÿ piracy,۱ ħ/ directions,û impose oneself,ϴ/ Ѱ exceed,ʰϴ ground,/ٰ outstanding, / annoyed,ȭ negate,ϴ/ȿϴ auspicious,"/󼭷ο a. au < avi(=bird) + spic(=look) + i(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) showing signs or promising good fortune, favorable / favoring success ,罺,󼭷ο, Since everything had gone so smoothly, we felt that the campaign to elect Ellen captain was off to an auspicious deginning. ; With favorable weather conditions, it was an auspicious moment to set sail. Ż簡 Ǿ Ellen ȸ忡 缱Ű  . ; Ƽ ϱ Ҵ. [+] favorable, fortunate, propitious" tilt,̴ collective,/ dally,"ϴ/峭ġ / 峭ģž? v. triffle with; procrastinate ; 칰칰 ð Laertes told Ophelia that Hamlet could only dally with her affections. 󿡸׽ ʸƿ ܸ ׳ ̶ ߴ. [+] dawdle, drag, loiter, procrastinate" spouse,//Ƴ peninsula,ݵ verse,/ / Ÿ ø vault,ձõ//ݰ/ / Ʈ ձ mash,̱ / Žð ڸ ̱ strict, longevity," n. long(=long) + ev(=time, age) + ity(=that which) long life How do you explain the fact that in practically every country the longevity of women is greater than that of men? ; When he reached ninety, the old man was proud of his longevity. 󿡼 ٴ  մϱ? ; 90 Ǿ ڱ ڶ ߴ." casualty,"糭/ / ij־ Ƽ n. serious or fatal accident ߴϰų ġ ; ; λ / ; The number of automotive casualties on this holiday weekend was high. ̹ ָ ڵ Ҵ. [+] misadventure, mischance, mishap" primarily,ַ/ hay, / ̸ ҿ ʵ meet up, mingle, obliterate,"/ϴ v. ob(=against) + liter(=letter) rub, or blot out ; remove all signs of ; destroy / destroy completely ; ִ ; ϴ / , ϴ I am willing to forgive you, but I can never obliterate from my mind the memory of your dishonesty. ; The tidal wave obliterated several island villages. ʸ 뼭ְ . ; ȴ. [+] delete, erase, efface, expunge" intervention,̿ / revengeful,ɿ Ÿ deliberately,Ƿ/Ϻη/ɻ Ͽ bail, / Ͽ οִ demographic,"α() a. related to population balance α In conducting a survey, one should take into account demographic trends in the region. 縦 ǽ α ؾ߸ Ѵ." come up with,~ س constitute,ϴ immediate, / ̹ ڿ wilderness,Ȳ/ڿȣ whereas,~ Ͽ purveyance,ķǰ ޡ find one's way,ư outfit,Ǻ earl, / imminent," / ̹̳ Ȳ̴ a. im < in(=on) + min(=hang, project) impending ; likely to happen without delay / near at hand; about to occur; impending ; , ޹ / ٰ When the outbreak of the war seemed imminent , hte tourists rushed home. ; The imminent battle will soon determine our success or failure in this conflict.; Unless it stops raining by tomorrow, a flood appears imminent. ߹ ӹ ڵ 绡 ư. ; £ и ̴. [+] proximate, upcoming" prestige,"/ n. impression produced by achievements or reputation ; The wealthy man sought to obtain social prestige by contribution to popular charities. ڴ ڼü ν ȸ ߴ. [+] fame, repute" condense,ϴ waterfront,ؾȰ revolt,ݶ Ű allure,"Ȥϴ v. entice; attract Ȥϴ, Ҵ Allured by the song of the sirens, the helmsman steered the ship toward the reef. Ű ̰ ξ 뷡 ȤǾ ʸ 踦 ߴ. [+] bait, decoy, inveigle, lure, seduce, tempt" punctual,ð Ű archetype,"/ n. prototype; primitive pattern , ; The Brooklyn Bridge was the archetype of the many spans that now connect Manhattan with Long island and New Jersey. Ŭ ٸ ư վϷ, ϴ ٸ ߿ ̾. [+] model, original" reciprocate,"ϴ v. re(=back) + ci(=s.e.) + pro(=forward) + c(=s.e.) +ate(=make) give and recieve, each to and from each ; cause to move backwards and forwards in a straight line / repay in kind ְ޴, ϴ ; <<谡>> պϴ / ϴ, ; ϴ Can you blame me for being bitter when a supposed friend reciprocated my confidence with betrayal and slander? ; If they attack us, we shall be compelled to reciprocate and bomb their territory. ģ ߴ ǿ Ű ϴµ Ȥϴٰ ֽϱ? ; ׵ 츮 ؿ 츮 ݰؼ ׵ 並 . [+] recompense, requite, retaliate" nocturnal,"༺ a. noct(=night) + urn(=s.e.) + al(=nature of) of or in the night ; done,active,or happening in the night / done at night ,߰ ; ༺ Just before going to sleep, we set traps to discourage the nocturnal raids of the raccoons on our food supply. ; Mr. Jones obtained a watchdog to prevent the nocturnal raids on his chicken coops. 츮 ʱ 㿡 츮 ķ Ż Ҵ. ; 忡 ߹ Ű ߴ. [+] nightly" radish, / recompense,ϴ/ϴ meadow, trivial, give off,ϴ disrespect,ϴ seasoning,̷/ synthetic,"ռ a. syn(=together) + thet/thes(=put) +ic(=nature of) of synthesis ; produced by chemical synthesis,rather than of natural origin, not real or genuine ; tending to form many component words / artificial; resulting from synthesis ; ռ, ; <<>> The explanation she offered for her failure to be present seemed to me far-fetched and synthetic . ; During the twentieth century, many synthetic products have replaced the natural products. ׳డ ϴ ٸ糽 . ; 20 ռ õ üߴ. [+] man-made" metabolize,Ű ambiguous,"ָ a. amb < ambi(=around, both) + ig(=drive) + u(=s.e.) + ous(=having the quality of) having more than one meaning ; of uncertain meaning or intention / doubtful in meaning; doubtful uncertain ̻ ; <<>>ȣ <<ǵ>> Һи / ǹ̰ ҸȮ / ָ; (); ָŸȣ The word presently may mean ""right now""or ""at a future time"".Therefor, to say ""I will do that presently"" must be considered an ambiguous statement. ; His ambiguous instructions misled us; we did not know which road to take.; The directions were so ambiguous that it was inpossible to complete the assignment ""presently"" ""ٷ ""̳ """" ֱ ""I will do that presently."" ϸ ָ . ; 츮 ָ Ǹ Ҵ. ׷ Ͽ . [+] equivocal, unexplicit, vague" fizzy water,Ҵټ friction," n. clash in opinion; rubbing against ˷; At this time when harmony is essential, we cannot afford to have any friction in our group. ȭ ʿ ̶ 츮 ü  ǰ 浹 ־ ȵȴ. [+] attriction" dedicate,峳ϴ / ġ uneasy,Ǵ artery, odor, / ~ ο ּ verbal,/ / 游 get through,ϴ/غϴ manifest,"ϰ ϴ a. understandable; clear ; / 巯 ̴; His evil intentions were manifest and yet we could not stop him. ǵ ѵ ׸ ų . [+] distinct, obvious, unambiguous" carve,ϴ on one's own account,~å/ ~ Ͽ sanction,"ΰ/簡 / Ĵ ΰ ִ v. approve; ratify ΰϴ, ϴ Nothing will convince me to sanction the engagement of my daughter to such a worthless young man.  ͵ ׷ ̿ ȥ ϵ Ű ߴ. [+] authorize, certify" sincerity, stimulant, /ڱ eerie," / ̸ a. weird ù In that eerie setting, it was easy to believe in ghosts and other supernatural beings. ׷ ȯ濡 ɰ ٸ ڿ 縦 ϴ ʴ. [+] uncanny" pang, / Ӹ statistics, reconcile,"ȭؽŰ / ū ȭؽŰ. v. make friendly after quarrel; correct inconsistencies; to settle on friendly terms ȭؽŰ; ġŰ Each month we reconcile our checkbook with the bank statement.; Since the couple could not reconcile their differences, they decided to get a divorce. ޸ 츮 ǥ ϰ ġŲ. [+] reconciliate" symptom,¡ encumber,"ϴ v. en(=in) + cumb(=lean, lie) get in the way of ; be a burden to ; choke up ϴ ; δ Ǵ ; <<Ҹ>> / δ You will never be able to complete this hike if you encumber yourself with so much ""essntial equipment"". ; Some people encumber themselves with too much luggage when they take short trips. ׷ ""⺻"" ڽ δ㽺 Ѵٸ ŷ ̴. ; ܱⰣ ࿡ ڽŵ鿡 δ ش. [+] charge, load" calamity,"糭/ / Į ū 糭 n. disaster; misery , 糭 / ū ; As news of the calamity spread, offers of relief poured in to the stricken community. 糭 ߻ߴٴ ǰ ⵵ߴ. [+] cataclysm, catastrophe, disaster, misadventure, tragedy" whack, /Ÿ / ȴ ä ȴ an awful lot of, setback,/ be immersed in,~ ϴ cacophonous,Ϳ Ž/ ȭ be capable of,~ ִ. well-to-do,/ carnivore,ĵ / Ұ ̺ξ ĵ ༼ Ѵ bird of prey,ͱ stick to,~ ϴ astounding, ϴ deforestation,긲 ä marital,"ȥ/κΰ a. pertaining to marriage ȥ After the publication of his book on marital affairs, he was often consulted by married people on the verge of divorce. ȥ å Ŀ ״ ȥ ¿ ִ ȥڵ鿡 ־. [+] conjugal, connubial, hymeneal" candor,"/ / ĵ n. cand(=white,glowing) quality of being candid, saying freely what one thinks / frankness , / , His candor sometimes makes him unpopular. ; The candor and simplicity of his speech impressed all; it was clear he held noting back. ״ α⸦ Ұ ȴ. ; ԰ ҹ θ װ װ ƹ͵ ʾҴٴ и ֿ. [+] honesty, innocence" kneel, / . appointment, /Ӹ / offend,ȭϴ / ~ ȭ evacuate,Ҹ prominent,ε巯/ cardinal,"⺻/ֿ/ȫ/߱ / Į޳ ̸ ̶߱ ȫ ǰ ° ⺻ ̴. a. chief ߿, ⺻ If you want to increase your word power, the cardinal rule of vocabulary building is to read. ַ Ű ʹٸ ָ øµ ʿ ֿ Ģ о߸ Ѵ. [+] essential, fundamental, vital; [-] minor( )" relevant,/õ / ~Ʈ soluble, sane, / ų insane by the skin of one's teeth, associate,ϴ/ ϴ/ hassle, / ̼ и ž rear,/Ĺ/⸣/ϴ / ޶㿡 ⸣ discernible,"ν ִ a. distinguishable; perceivable ִ; ν ִ The ships in the harbor were not discernible in the fog. ױ ִ ڵ Ȱ а ʾҴ. [+] appreciable, detectable, palpable, perceptible" break up,ؾ sighted, ̴